and principles, to educate ourselves so far as we can by listening to the experts who will address us concerning the ends of conservation in its broadest and best sense; the conservation of the common property of the people, the soil and its fertility, the waters, the land, and the minerals of the earth, the use of our waterways, the sunshine itself, and how to use our brains and hands upon those materials, not only to make them of the best use to ourselves, but also to preserve them in due measure for our children and our children's children.

Now that we have been duly welcomed, and response has been made, to the best of my poor ability, the First National Conservation Congress is open for business.

Mr. Libby thereupon took the chair and presided over the meeting.

MR. LIBBY: As President of the Washington Conservation Association, which invited you to be present, I now ask what is your pleasure?

PROF. E. J. WICKSON: The opening addresses raised the question as to what arrangements are to be made for continuing this effort, which has been so well put forth by the preceding speakers. In California we have an idea that a man or party of men who develop a plan are entitled to continue it until it is on a successful footing. The suggestion I have to make may be early and out of place, but it would be that a committee should consider a proposal to continue the effort for a certain length of time under the auspices of the Association which has made such a wonderful success of this Congress thus far. The proposal, will, of course, go to the committee.

MR. LIBBY: I would say to the meeting that as a matter of fact the officers of the Washington Conservation Associa

tion feel a little delicacy in continuing as officers of this Congress without your authority. If that is your wish, or you would like someone else to do it, we would like to have you express your opinion formally.

MR. R. W. DOUGLAS: I move that we proceed with the order of business of organization by forming a committee on resolutions and a committee on rules.

The motion was duly seconded and carried.

MR. LIBBY: The Executive Board of the Washington Association wrote out some tentative rules which I will ask the Secretary to read and I think you may consider that the report of the committee.

The Secretary then read the following rules:

I. Morning sessions shall be called to order at 9.30 a. m., and after

noon sessions at 2.00 p. m.

2. All sessions shall open promptly.

3. Any person desiring to speak shall address the chair, and unless called by name, give his name and State.

4. Speakers making formal address, by invitation, shall be limited to twenty minutes; the warning bell to be rung once at the expiration of fifteen minutes and twice at the end of twenty minutes.

5. Speakers, in discussion of addresses, will be limited to five minutes. 6. Speakers to motions and subjects not on the programme shall be limited to three minutes.

7. Offensive personalities will not be permitted either in addresses or discussions.

8. Speakers are expected to refrain from all expressions that might tend to mar the harmony of the Congress.

10.

9. All questions presented to speakers shall be submitted in writing. No banners shall be displayed nor printed matter distributed or sold in the halls where meetings are held without the consent of the Executive Board.

II. Robert's Rules of Order shall be taken as authority in questions of parliamentary procedure.

12.

The foregoing rules after adoption by the Congress shall remain in force throughout the sessions, but may be amended or suspended by a two-thirds vote of accredited delegates.

It was moved by the Hon. George C. Pardee, seconded, and duly carried that the rules should be adopted as read.

HON. R. E. PEARSON: Would it be desirable at this time. to go through the formality of selecting a chairman and secretary temporarily or permanently for this meeting?

MR. HUTCHINSON: In order to proceed, and I believe the motion is in order, I will move that the temporary organization be made permanent.

The motion was duly seconded and carried.

MR. LIBBY: In reference to the Committee on Resolutions, I would suggest that it should include a representative from every State that is here represented. I would appoint Captain J. B. White as chairman of the committee and request that each State delegation, or, if there is only one man from a State, that he consider himself under Captain White's captaincy until he chooses another captain, and that the committee so formed will organize and report at its pleasure.

CAPTAIN J. B. WHITE: I hope that the position will be only a temporary one.

MR. R. W. DOUGLAS : With regard to the motion I made, it included the forming of a suitable Committee on Resolutions and the formation of a Committee on Rules. It was hoped, however, that the Committee on Rules would take up the matter of permanent organization.

MR. LIBBY: The Committee on Rules has reported and is discharged.

MR. DOUGLAS: Then I move the appointment of a Committee on Rules for the purpose of considering the general good of conservation movement, taking appropriate action. and reporting same to this meeting.

MR. LIBBY: Call it a Committee on National Organization or Rules, as you please, and I will follow the same course as I did with the Committee on Resolutions; that is, have each State name its member; and as temporary chairman to whom you shall report, I will name Mr. Bernard N. Baker, of Maryland.

If there is no other business we will proceed with the regular programme.

PROF. CARPENTER: It seems to me that the most important work of the whole Congress in its results will depend upon that Committee on Organization. In coming from the National Irrigation Congress, and with a short experience in the business of civic problems, it seems to me that the chief difficulty in all these movements is a lack of organization and a definite practical aim. This Congress here will listen to a great many speeches, and looking over the programme I was much disappointed to see not a word is said by any speaker on the most practical problem before us, and that is organization and definite practical results. It has been said that this Congress will have great results in the future. The trouble is with all publicity and promotion endeavors that they consist largely of speeches and not of definite practical work and it seems that the report ought to be brought in at the earliest possible moment and should be very full and wide. The committee, I think, should bring in a report on this permanent organization and it seems to me perfectly feasible that a large amount could be raised and permanent offices be established in Washington, D. C., for this conservation movement. I move that the report be handed in by tomorrow noon for discussion by all members.

Hon. G. C. Pardee seconded the motion, which was duly carried.

PROF. CARPENTER: There should also be a Credentials Committee, so that there may be some determination as to who constitute this Congress. If some arrangement is already not made for the determination or membership, it might be proper for a motion that a Committee on Credentials be appointed by the Chair.

MR. LIBBY: If the delegates will hand in their credentials. during adjournment to the Secretary it would facilitate

business.

PROF. CARPENTER: I would suggest a committee be appointed of three or five members.

MR. LIBBY: I would suggest Prof. Carpenter as chairman, and he can choose his own associates. If it receives your approval in order to hasten the formation of these committees, I should like to ask the Secretary to call the roll of States as we have it on the afternoon programme, and to have each State report at once the name of the member it may select, so that your chairmen can use the whip. If there is no objection, the Secretary will call the roll of States.

SECRETARY BROWN: I think the calling of the roll of States might be omitted and between 12 and 2 o'clock the delegates from the various States might hand in the names of the chairmen of the different committees. If they report at the close of the session and name their delegate will it not expedite matters?

PROF. CARPENTER: I should like to appoint on the Credentials Committee Mr. R. W. Douglas, of Washington, and Mr. R. A. Pearson, of New York.

ADDRESSES ON CONSERVATION.

THE NECESSITY OF CONSERVING OUR RESOURCES.

J. N. TEAL, CHAIRMAN, OREGON CONSERVATION COMMISSION. Conservation of our natural resources is no longer an academic question. It is a live and vital issue which, as it is better understood, is taking a stronger hold upon all people. At the bottom a moral question is involved and moral questions are never settled until they are settled right. The issue is greater than any one man or set of men. It is not a matter that involves some mere detail of administration. A great principle is at stake. It is not a question as to the construc