66 M. Clerke, A. Fowler, and J. Ellard Gore. "The 66 Problem of the Unemployed," and Vol. IX was Coming to politics, we have "The Truth about Agricultural Depression" told by Francis Allston Channing, M. P. "War Famine and our Food Supply were the theme of R. B. Marston; Ernest Edwin Williams complained of "The Foreigners in the Farmyard"; and William S. H. Gastrell considered "Our Trade in the World in Relation to Foreign Competition, 1885-1895." "Politics in 1896," an annual edited by Frederick Whelen, contained contributions by H. D. Traill, H. W. Massingham, G. Bertrand Shaw, and others, and "The Statesman's Yearbook," edited by J. Scott Keltie and I. P. A. Renwick, reached its thirty-fourth year of issue. "Government and Parties in Continental Europe" were reviewed by Lawrence Lowell; "Foreign and Colonial Speeches" of Hon. Joseph Chamberlain were collected in book form; and in "England and India" Romesh C. Dutt made a plea for a larger native participation in the government of that country. "The Coming Commonwealth," by R. R. Garran, discussed Australian federation. "Popular Fallacies regarding Bimetallism" were exposed by Sir Robert G. Edgcumbe, and "The First Battle" contained the story of the great presidential election in the United States in 1896. "The Defense of the Empire" was the title given a selection from the letters and speeches of the late Earl of Carnarvon, edited by Sir George Sydenham Clarke, who inaugurated the new Imperial Library with a volume of his own upon "Imperial Defense." "National Defenses" was also the theme of Gen. C. P. Maurice. J. S. Risley made a study of "The "Various Fragments" of Herbert Spencer were Law of War." "The Eastern Crisis" was the subcollected into a volume during the year. Upon ject of a letter to the Duke of Westminster from divers themes they range in date from 1852 to William E. Gladstone; "The European Concert in 1896. Vol. I was issued of a “History of Intellec- the Eastern Question" was a collection of treaties tual Development on the Lines of Modern Evolu- and other public acts, edited, with introductions tion," by John Beattie Crozier, coming down to the and notes, by T. E. Holland; and "The Eastern closing of the schools of Athens by Justinian, and Crisis of 1897 and British Policy in the Near East." John Theodore Merz also published the first volume by G. H. Perris, gave a key not only to the causes of "A History of European Thought in the Nine- and the possible consequences of the Græco-Turkteenth Century." H. S. Nash traced carefully ish War, but also to the larger developments and "The Genesis of the Social Conscience," showing wider issues of the Eastern question "War and a the relation between the establishment of Christian- Wheel," by Wilfred Pollock, described the Græcoity in Europe and the social question. In the "So- Turkish War as seen from a bicycle; "With the cial Science Series" appeared" Parasitism, Organic Turkish Army in Thessaly," by Clive Bingham, and Social," by J. Massart and E. Vandervelde, was illustrated and contained maps and plans, and " Allotments and Small Holdings," by J. L. while two other war correspondents who vouchsafed Green, while "The Story of a Great Agricultural volumes were William Kinnaird Rose, the author Estate," an account of the origin and administra of "With the Greeks in Thessaly," and G. W. Stetion of the Beds and Bucks and Thorney estates, by vens, who proclaimed "The Conquering Turk." the Duke of Bedford, was an important contribu-"The Book of Parliament," by Michael Macdonagh, tion to the literature of the vexed question of gave an account of the customs and curiosities of ownership of land. J. A. Hobson attacked "The the two houses, and from Harry Furniss we had "Pen and Pencil in Parliament." "The Municipal Yearbook of the United Kingdom, 1897" was issued by Robert Donald, and "Political Pamphlets" in the " Pamphlet Library" were selected and arranged by A. F. Pollard. Among religious works are to be mentioned "AOTIA IHZOY: Sayings of Our Lord," discovered and edited by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt (see page 23 ante), who also edited Series II of Greek Papyri"; "The Spirit on the Waters: The Evolution of the Divine from the Human," by Dr. Edwin A. Abbott; "Recent Advances in Theistic Philosophy of Religion," by Rev. James Lindsay; "Socrates and Christ," a study in the philosophy of religion, by R. A. Wenley; and "The Evolution of the Idea of God," a somewhat superficial inquiry into the origin of religions, by Grant Allen. "The Providential Order of the World' was the theme of the Gifford Lectures for 1897, by Dr. Alexander Balmain Bruce, and in the "Living Papers on Present-Day Themes Series" we had "The Truth of the Bible and Kindred Subjects," by Sir John W. Dawson, Rev. William Wright, Rev. M. Kaufmann, and others. "The Bible: Its Meaning and Supremacy was the theme of Dean F. W. Farrar, and Dr. George Salmon offered "Some Thoughts on the Textual Criticism of the New Testament." "The Christian Ecclesia" was the title of a course of lectures by Fenton John Anthony Hort on the early history and early conceptions of the ecclesia, with which were included four sermons, and "Village Sermons" of the same divine were also published; the work of Dr. Edwin Hatch on "The Influence of Greek Ideas and Usages upon the Christian Church" was edited by A. M. Fairbairn; and "Outlines of the History of the Theological Literature of the Church of England from the Reformation to the Close of the Eighteenth Century" were the Bishop Paddock Lectures for 1896-'97 delivered by Dr. John Dowden. The Baird Lecture for 1897 was by Robert Herbert Story upon "The Apostolic Ministry in the Scottish Church." "The Celtic Church of Wales" came from J. W. Willis Bund. "Religious Thought in England in the Nineteenth Century" was discussed by Dr. John Hunt, and Hugh Mortimer Cecil was the author of "Pseudo-philosophy at the End of the Nineteenth Century: I. An Irrationalist Trio-Kidd, Drummond, Balfour." Unthinkables" was by Frederick H. Balfour, and was somewhat in line with the "Foundations of Belief," by Arthur Balfour. "Christian Instincts and Modern Doubt" was the title of essays and addresses in aid of a reasonable, satisfying, and consolatory religion, by Rev. Alexander H. G. Crauford, and "The Ancient Faith in Modern Light" of a series of essays by various clergymen. "Oliver Cromwell: A Study in Personal Religion came from Dr. Robert F. Horton; "Certain Aspects of Life" were considered by the Bishop of Durham; "The Revel and the Battle was the title of a volume of sermons by the Bishop of Southwell; and "The Heritage of the Spirit" of another similar volume by Bishop Creighton, of London. Canon Gore gave a practical exposition of "The Sermon on the Mount." "Sermons Preached on Special Occasions" by Canon Liddon were collected, as were sermons, addresses, and essays by Rev. William Robertson Nicoll, under the title of "The Return to the Cross." The Threshold of the Sanctuary," by Canon B. W. Randolph, consisted of chapters on preparation for holy orders, and John Telford wrote the "History of Lay Preaching in the Christian Church." "Later Gleanings," a new series of gleanings of past years, theological and ecclesiastical, were welcomed from William E. Gladstone, and Robert Anderson, the Assistant 66 Commissioner of Police in London, questioned "The Silence of God" on certain questions of life in reverent mood. Part II of Vol. III and Vol. IV of "New Testament Hours," by Dr. John Cunningham Geikie, completed that work, and "Gateways to the Bible" were supplied by Dr. Geikie, Rev. A. II. Sayce, William Elliot Griffis, and others. The Incarnation: A Study of Philippians II, 5-11," by Canon Edwin Hamilton Gifford, was supplemented by “Philippian Studies," by Dr. H. C. G. Moule, and Dr. George Matheson caught “Sidelights from Patmos." S. Baring-Gould made "A Study of St. Paul." "The Power of an Endless Life, and Other Sermons" were by David Wright; Robert Lawrence Ottley delivered the Bampton Lectures before the University of Oxford upon Aspects of the Old Testament"; and "Christianity and the Progress of Man, as illustrated by Modern Missions was by W. Douglas Mackenzie. "Ideals of Strength," by John Maclaren Watson, contained a sketch of the author's life. W. Walsh revealed "The Secret History of the Oxford Movement." "Essays in Liberalism" were written by "Six Oxford Men," and a third series was issued of "Oxford House Papers." "The Observances in Use at the Augustinian Priory of St. Giles and St. Andrew at Barnwell, Cambs." were made public T. W. Arnold examined "The Preaching of Islam": and E. L. Butcher wrote "The Story of the Church of Egypt." Three volumes contained "The Book of the Dead," translated from the Egyptian_text according to the Theban recension, by Dr. E. A. Wallis Budge, who also prepared "An Egyptian Reading Book for Beginners." Mrs. Annie Wood Besant discoursed upon Four Great Religions." "The Hope of Israel" was the review of the argument from prophecy by Rev. Francis H. Wood: Benjamin B. Warfield set forth "The Right of Systematic Theology”; and “ A Concordance to the Greek Testament according to the Texts of Westcott and Hort, Tischendorf, and the English Revisers," was the work of Dr. William F. Moulton and Rev. A. S. Geden. "A Guide to Biblical Study" was offered by A. S. Peake. Books of a miscellaneous character which may as well be included here as anywhere were: Progress in Printing and the Graphic Arts during the Victorian Era." by J. Southward; Achievements of Cavalry," by Gen. Sir Evelyn Wood; • Stray Military Papers," by Henry W. Lovett Hine; "The Effect of Maritime Command on Land Campaigns since Waterloo," by Major C. E. Callwell; "The Naval Annual," edited by Hon. J. A. Brassey; and Naval Gunnery," by Capt. H. Garbett, R. N.; "The British Mercantile Marine," a short historical review, by Edward Blackmore: "Chronicles of the Bank of England," by B. B. Turner; and "Great Public Schools," by various authors. "An Outline of the Law of Libel" was given by W. Blake Odgers, and "Four Lectures on the Law of Employers' Liability at Home and Abroad," by Augustine Birrell. "Lectures on the Actions of Medicines," being the course of lectures on pharmacology and therapeutics delivered at St. Bartholomew's Hospital by Dr. Thomas Lauder Brunton during the summer of 1896 were published, as were “The Sequels of Disease," the Lumleian Lectures before the Royal College of Physicians by Sir Dyce Duckworth, M. D., with observations in prognosis in disease. Waste and Repair in Modern Life" was a timely volume by Dr. Robson Roose, and Food and its Functions was a text-book for students of cookery by James Knight. · Petroleum," in two volumes, by Boverton Redwood and George T. Holloway, contained maps in colors showing the principal petroleum districts of the world, and Iltyd I. Redwood wrote on "Mineral Oils and their By-products.” 66 Samuel Rideal discussed "Water and its Purification," and W. J. Atkinson Butterfield was heard from on "The Chemistry of Gas Manufacture." A. J. Wallis Taylor proposed "Motor Cars; or, Power Carriages for Common Roads and " Carriages without Horses shall go was the title of a paper on horseless locomotion, read before the British Association at Liverpool by A. R. Sennett. A. M. Drew Smith vouchsafed "Confidences of an Amateur Gardener," and "Gleanings on Gardens," chiefly on those of the ancient style in England, came from S. Felton. C. J. Cornish spent "Nights with an Old Gunner," which included other studies; and Fish-Tails and Some True Ones," by Bradnock Hall, was intended for anglers. Vol. III of "The Sportsman's Library was given to "The Sportsman in Ireland," and other issues were respectively "The Reminiscences of a Huntsman," by Hon. Grantley F. Berkeley, and "The Art of Deer Stalking," by William Scrope. "The Tame Fox and Other Sketches came from Finch Mason, and "Mountain, Stream, and Covert: Sketches of Country Life and Sport in England and Scotland" from Alexander Innes Shand. Vol. III appeared of "British Dogs," devoted to "Practical Kennel Management," by Hugh Dalziel, D. G. T. Gray, Mrs. Jagger, and others, edited by W. D. Drury. In the "Isthmian Library" we had "The Complete Cyclist," by A. C. Pemberton, Mrs. Harcourt Williamson, C. P. Sisley, and Gilbert Floyd, edited by B. Fletcher Robinson, and illustrated; R. Allanson Winn gave his attention to "Boxing," and "Croquet" had its history, rules, and secrets set forth by Arthur Lillie in a book that was illustrated by Lucien Davis and others. "Golf in Theory and Practice" was by H. S. C. Everard, and K. S. Ranjitsinhji wrote "The Jubilee Book of Cricket." was Poetry. From the Laureate of England came "The Conversion of Winckelmann, and Other Poems" of no particular merit, and from William Watson we had "The Hope of the World, and Other Poems" and "The Year of Shame," to which last the Bishop of Hereford contributed an introduction, and which was in part a reprint of "The Purple East." "New Poems were announced from Francis Thompson, and "Green Arras " a rather striking volume by Laurence Housman. Theodore Watts-Dunton chronicled "The Coming of Love," and Arthur Symons" Amoris Victima." “Poems" of J. L. Tupper were selected and edited by William M. Rossetti; Dora Sigerson (Mrs. Clement Shorter) published "The Fairy Changeling," with other poems; "Realms of Unknown Kings came from Laurence Alma-Tadema: "Wild Flower Lyrics, and Other Poems," from J. Rigg: "A Light Load," from Mrs. Dollie Radford; "Ireland, with Other Poems," from Lionel Johnson; " Opals." from Olive Custance; "The Song Book of Bethia Hardacre," from Miss Fuller Maitland; "Fidelis, and Other Poems," from C. M. Gemmer; "Songs and Meditations," from Maurice Hewlett; The Love-Philter, and Other Poems," from Helen F. Schweitzer; and Poems," from Horace Smith. Richard Le Gallienne contributed a paraphrase of the "Rubaiyát of Omar Khayyam," and W. Alison Phillips translated "Selected Poems of Walter von der Vogelweide." Australia to England" was the title of a poem by John Farrell on the occasion of the Queen's jubilee, and the "Jubilee Greeting at Spithead to the Men of Greater Britain " was written by Theodore Watts-Dunton. "Admirals All" was the title of a collection of vigorous verse about the sea and naval heroes, by Henry Newbolt; "A Day's Tragedy was a novel in rhyme, by Allen Upward; The Houses of Sin," by Vincent O'Sullivan, was as repulsive a volume as could be conceived in this decadent epoch, being given mostly to the praises 66 66 66 66 66 of corruption; and "Christ and the Courtesan," by R. H. Fitzpatrick, was an attempt at imitation of Rossetti. A. E. Hills was the author of "Elfinn's Luck, and Other Poems"; Capel Shaw, of "Two Decades of Song"; James Dowman, of "Shreds and Patches"; Herbert Warren, of "By Severn Sea"; Christian Burke, of "The Flowering of the Almond Tree"; Lisa Wilson, of "Verses" and Clara S. Dickins, of "Margaret and Margarites." "The Battle of the Bays," by Owen Seaman, the author of "With Double Pipe,' Horace at Cambridge," and "Tillers of the Sand," was a delicious volume of humorous verse, recalling Calverley. "Songs of the Maid," by John Huntley Skrine, belong to the department of patriotic poetry; Scotland was the birthplace of "Poems," by J. B. Selkirk; "Songs of Love and Death," by Margaret T. Armour, were collected from magazines and papers; and a striking contribution to religious poetry was made in "The Desolate Soul," by Maria Monica. From Dawn to Dark came from George Milner; Lays and Legends of the Wealds of Kent," from Miss Lilian Winsor; Tannhäuser, and Other Poems," from H. E. Clarke; "The Cross beneath the Ring," from E. F. M. Benecke; "Ver Lyræ," from Charles Newton Robinson; "Ballads of Revolt," from J. S. Fletcher; and "Poems for Little People and those of Larger Growth," from J. R. Eastwood. Edward Verrall Lucas compiled "A Book of Verses for Children," and "Red Apple and Silver Bells was a book of verse for children of all ages by H. Hendry, illustrated by A. B. Woodward. Selected Poems" of John Stuart Blackie were edited with an appreciation by Archibald Stodart Walker: Arthur Symons edited "A Selection from the Poems of Mathilde Blind"; Austin Dobson comprised in his "Collected Poems" all the verses written by him during the last thirty years in his opinion worthy of preservation; and George Meredith arranged his own "Selected Poems." 66 'Selections from the Works of Sir Lewis Morris" were also published; Rev. D. C. Tovey accompanied “The Poetical Works of James Thomson" with a memoir and critical appendices; and E. K. Chambers edited "Poems of Henry Vaughan" in two volumes. "Chaucerian and Other Pieces" were edited from numerous manuscripts, by Rev. Walter W. Skeat, as a supplement to his edition of "The Complete Works of Geoffrey Chaucer," and Vol. IV completed the Centenary edition of "The Poetry of Robert Burns," edited by W. E. Henley and T. F. Henderson. Among collections of poetry are to be mentioned "The Flower of the Mind,' a choice among the best poems made by Alice Meynell; "A Collection of Old Ballads," collected and edited by Andrew Lang; Vol. VII of "English Minstrelsie," a national monument of English song, collated and edited with notes and historical introductions by S. BaringGould: 'Scottish Poetry of the Eighteenth Century," edited by George Eyre Todd for the " Abbotsford Series"; "Bards of the Gael and Gall"; examples of the poetic literature of Erin, done into English after the meters and modes of the Gael by Dr George Sigerson; "English Lyrics from Chaucer to Poe, 1340-1849" were edited by William E. Henley: "English Lyric Poetry, 1500-1700" was selected by Dr. F. Ives for the "Warwick Library of English Literature"; A. T. Quiller-Couch edited "English Sonnets" in the "Diamond Library"; "English Epithalamies," edited by R. H. Case, formed one of the "Border Anthologies"; selections from the poetry of Wordsworth were edited by Edward Dowden and Andrew Lang respectively in the "Athenæum Press Series" and in the series of "Selections from the Poets"; John Churton Collins contributed a "Treasury of Minor British Poetry"; Francis Turner Palgrave compiled a second series of the "Golden 66 66 LITERATURE, BRITISH, IN 1897. Treasury," embracing "Modern Poetry "; Dr Richard Garnett edited "The Poetry of Samuel Taylor Coleridge" for the "Muses Library"; "Four Poets: Selections from Wordsworth, Coleridge, Shelley, and Keats" came from Oswald Crawfurd; and "The White Ship" was the title of a little book of poems selected from the works of Dante Gabriel Rossetti. "The Poetry of Sport " was compiled for the "Badminton Library" by Hedley Peek. Rebellious Susan "The Case of was a clever comedy in three acts by Henry Arthur Jones. Voyages and Travels.-Englishmen traveled far and wide during 1897, and many made record of their experiences. Sir W. M. Conway described "The First Crossing of Spitzbergen," J. W. Gregory, A. Trevor-Battye, and E. J. Garwood making contributions to the volume; Abel Chapman visited "Wild Norway"; Mrs. Alec Tweedie went" Through Finland in Carts"; and Charles Edwardes, the author of "Letters from Crete," told of travels " In Jutland with a Cycle." "The Mount," by the late Philip Gilbert Hamerton, was a narrative of a visit to the site of a Gaulish city on Mount Beuvrey, with a description of the neighboring city of Autun; Bickford Smith furnished "Cretan Sketches"; Mrs. R. M. King described "Italian Byways"; Dr. Hans Gadow was at home "In Northern Spain"; and R. Thirlmere published "Idyls of Spain.' Servia" was described as the poor man's paradise by Herbert Vivian, and The Land of the Bora," by "Snaffle," told of sport in Dalmatia and Herzegovina. E. Whymper supplied A Guide to Zermatt and the Matterhorn," and Grant Allen added "Cities of Belgium" to the series of "Historical Guides." Mrs. F. Max Müller wrote " Constantinople; "The Sultan and his Subjects' Letters from were the theme of Richard Davey; W. M. Ramsay gave Impressions of Turkey during Twelve Years' Wanderings"; Mrs. W. M. Ramsay described "Everyday Life in Turkey"; H. C. Thomson, the author of "The Chitral Campaign," in "The Outgoing Turk" recorded impressions of a journey through the western Balkans; and "Naples in the Nineties" came from Eustace Neville Rolfe. "Sketches of Travel in Normandy and Maine," by the late Edward A. Freeman, contained illustrations from drawings by the author, and a preface by W. H. Hutton. Clive Bingham took "A Ride through Western Asia"; "In Court and Kampong," by Hugh Clifford, contained tales and sketches of native life in the Malay peninsula; "The Ruined Cities of Ceylon" were visited by Henry W. Cave; "The Land of the Monuments,' by Joseph Pollard, had an introduction by William Wright; Margaret M. Bottome in Trip" caught glimpses of the Orient: “Picturesque "A Sunshine Burma: Past and Present" came from Mrs. Ernest Hart; Sir George Scott Robertson's work upon "The Kaffirs of the Hindu-Kush by A. D. McCormick, and “Korea and her Neighwas illustrated bors," by Mrs. Isabella Bird Bishop, from photographs by the author; J. Hosie spent "Three Years in Western China"; Vol. II of "The Cities and Bishoprics of Phrygia" was issued; and "Letters from Armenia," from the scene of the recent massacres, came from James Rendel Harris and Helen B. Harris. A revised fourth edition was published of "Transcaucasia and Ararat," notes of a vacation tour in the autumn of 1876 by James Bryce, with a supplementary chapter on the recent history of the Armenian question, and from the same eminent authority we had "Impressions of South Africa" gained in a tour made in 1895. F. R. Statham described "South Africa as it is"; H. Lincoln Tangye wrote "In South Africa"; Surveying in British South Africa" was described Soldiering and by J. R. MacDonald; "British Central Africa" 7,926 Poetry and the drama. essays, graphs, etc... Miscellaneous, including phlets, not sermons.. Totals 6,573 422 66 Mary H. Kingsley told of "Travels in West Africa." was the theme of Sir Henry H. Johnston; and account of the first expedition from Somaliland to "Through Unknown African Countries" was an Africa," by Aurel Schulz, M. D., and August HamLake Lamu, by A. Donaldson Smith; "The New Okovanga rivers; and Vol. IV of "A Historical mer, told of a journey up the Chobé and down the Geography of the British Colonies." by C. P. Lucas, covered "South and East Africa." Frances Macand Sport in South Africa" came from no less an Nab told of life "On Veldt and Farm"; "Nature authority than H. A. Bryden, the author of "Kloof and Karroo"; and A. G. Bagot described vividly "Sport and Travel in India and Central America." Lord Brassey sailed "In the Sunbeam to New Zealand"; and Arthur P. Harper wrote of "Pioneer Work in the Alps of New Zealand." Albert F. Caltralia." May Crommelin went "Over the Andes vert described My Fourth Tour in Western Ausfrom the Argentine to Chili and Peru." Tenth Island," according to Beckles Wilson, was Newfoundland; G. W. Steevens termed the United The States "The Land of the Dollar"; and Lady Howard of Glossop published her "Journal of a Tour through the United States." "Two Health Seekers in Southern California" were Dr. W. W. A. Edknown Lands," by Arthur Montefiore, contained wards and Beatrice Harraden. "Leaders into Unrecent explorers. The "Diary of a Tour through descriptions of six of the most famous journeys of Great Britain in 1795" of Rev. William MacRitchie was edited by David MacRitchie; A. H. Rorway described "Highways and Byways in Devon and gave pictures of life "In the West Country,” and Cornwall"; James J. Hissey illustrated his own wanderings "On Southern English Roads"; and Weed Ward, prepared “The Shakesperean Guide to H. Snowden Ward, with the assistance of Catherine Haunts of Burns Stratford-on-Avon." Pioneers of the Klondyke" was an account of two "The Ayrshire Homes and years' police service in the Yukon, narrated by M. came from H. C. Shelley. "The H. E. Hayne, of the Northwestern Police, and recorded by H. West Taylor, illustrated by photographs taken on the spot by the narrator. ing it in Siberia," by Robert Louis Jefferson, the author of "Awheel to Moscow," gave some account Roughof the Trans-Siberian Railway and the gold-mining Tolstoi," recording experiences of famine and misindustry of Asiatic Russia; and "In the Land of rule in Russia, was rearranged and rewritten by Will Reason from the Swedish work of Jonas Stad- Belgium.-Research in national history, active as always, has produced L. Delplace's "La Belgique sous la Domination française"; Count Oswald de Kerchove de Denterghem's "Les Préliminaires de la Révolution belge de 1830" ("curious and piquant revelations "); H. Lonchay's authoritative "La Rivalité de la France et de l'Espagne aux Pays-Bas, 1635-1700"; Vol. I of "Monasticon Belgicum," published by Dom Ursmer Berlière, a Benedictine monk; Victor Vander Haeghen's interesting inventory of the archives of Ghent; and H. Pirenne's curious "Livre de l'Abbé Guillaume de Ryckel, 1249-'72" (accounts of the abbey of St. Trond, showing the economic situation in the thirteenth century). The useful" Dictionnaire encyclopédique de Géographie historique de la Belgique," by Jourdain, Van Stalle, and de Heusch, is completed. Other historical works are E. Gossart's " CharlesQuint et Philippe II" and "Elizabeth of England and her Suitors"; G. Kurth's "Ste. Clothilde"; and F. Magnette's remarkable Joseph II et la Liberté de l'Escaut." E. Hubert tells much that is new about "La Torture aux Pays-Bas autrichiens pendant le 18. Siècle." Under "Geography and Travel" are listed "En Égypte, Palestine et Grèce," by Father Portmans; "En Congolie," by the brilliant Edmond Picard (converted from opposition to the colony almost to enthusiasm); and the delightful "Lettres de Voyage," by, the late Émile de Laveleye, the third and last volume of whose "Essais et Etudes" has also appeared. 64 66 In religious history there are A. van Hoonacker's Les Nouvelles Études sur la Restauration juive"; Essai d'Anthropologie chinoise," by Mgr. de Harlez; A. Camerlynck's "St. Irénée et le Canon du Nouveau Testainent"; and Franz Cumont's masterly "Les Mystères de Mithra." Maurice de Wulf has an original work on "L'Esthétique de St. Thomas d'Aquin," and Crahay one "Sur la Politique de St. Thomas d'Aquin." A. Sluys and J. Verkoyen have studied La Vie et les (Euvres de Comenius." A. Proost considers the "Réforme des Humanités." E. Matthieu recounts "L'Histoire de l'Enseignement primaire en Hainaut ": O. Pyfferoen makes remarkable "Rapports sur l'Enseignement professionel en Angleterre et en Allemagne"; similar interesting investigations are Eugène Neve's "L'Enseignement professionel des Industries artistiques en Europe" and Omer Buysse's "Les Écoles professionelles et les Écoles d'Art industriel en Allemagne et en Autriche." In economics and sociology there are Henri Vander Linden's promising "Les Gildes marchandes dans les Pay-Bas au MoyenAge," Gen. Brialmont's disquieting "L'Accroissement de la Population et ses Effets dans l'Avenir," socialist Hector Denis's 'Histoire des Sciences économiques et socialistes," A. Allard's "La Crise agricole," and E. Nys's important Études de Droit international." Literary history and criticism are contributed to in Tito Zanardelli's“ Dante et ses Precurseurs," the interesting "L'Élément historique dans le Coronement Looïs," by Léonard Willems, Edmond Picard's paradoxical “Discours sur le Renouveau au Théâtre,” and the Jesuit A. J. In poetry, there are: a new series of "Poèmes' by the original and extravagant Emile Verhaeren, who in "Les Heures claires" appears "to wish to return to simplicity, clearness, and sincerity"; Maurice Maeterlinck's "Douze Chansons"; Ad. Hardy's promising "Croquis Ardennais "; the late Jean Casier's Chants intimes" and "Encensoir" and Édouard Ned's "Poèmes," classed as "Catholic poetry"; Leon Hennebicq's "Poèmes d'Hier et d'Aujourd'hui"; Gustave Kahn's "Limbes de Lumières"; Victor Arnould's “Chansons et Ballades"; Jean Delville's "Frisson de Sphinx"; and "Aurore et Couchant," by Mme. Amélie Struman-Picard, an old writer. "Deep-rooted disagreements" and "violent invectives" are attributed to "the young ones," whose books, moreover, are said to excite but little enthusiasm. Writing for the stage seems to be rarely cultivated. Noteworthy efforts are G. van Zype's drama "Tes Père et Mère," R. Ledent's Les Entraves," and R. Warsage's "Marguerite," a comedy in verse. .. In contrast with the agitation and polemics of French literature in Belgium, Flemish literature is in "a state of dull placidity." However, literary activity is increasing in variety, and national history and archæology, especially, are assiduously cultivated. Noteworthy work in this direction includes the curious "De Namen en de korte Geschiedenis der Huizen van Mechelen," by Ad. Reydams; Julius Frederichs's study on "the Inquisition in the old Duchy of Luxembourg up to the end of the sixteenth century"; the late J. J. Mulder's important study "on the stubborn resistance made by Antwerp in the sixteenth century to the edicts against the heresy of Protestantism in the reigns of Charles V and Philip II"; L. van Lacken's not very fair work "on the excesses of the Sansculottes in Flemish Belgium"; the celebrated Keure van Hazebroek," published, with commentary, by Ed. Gailliard; and J. van Hoorde's fine essay on the landscape painters Xaveer and Cesar de Cock. M. de Quéker has studied "the action of official and private beneficence." Prof. Vercoullie is preparing a new edition of his excellent etymological dictionary of "the tongue of the Netherlands." Hipp. Meert's "Distels" deals with mistakes of style committed by most Flemish writers when using their mother tongue. Jan Bols, a priest, has printed "Honderd oude vlaamsche Liederen," and we are told that here, as in Holland, successful efforts are being made to popularize such old songs. There is little prose fiction of the first class. The freshest and most original is "De gouden Vlinder," by Hendrik de Marez, a promising beginner; Cyrille Buysse has produced better work than the novel "Op't Blauwhuis"; "Driften," by R. Stijns, is called "a collection in extravagant colors"; and "Van Vrouwenleven' is uninteresting prose by Hélène Lapidoth-Swarth, whose reputation as a poet is borne up in "Diepe Wateren." There is no other poetry of real importance to record, and the plays published are generally mediocre. “De Herbergprinses" by Nestor de Tière is a libretto for which Jan Blockx wrote admirable music; the piece enjoyed a brilliant success. Bohemia.-Publications illustrating national development are the valuable work, describing all artistic objects in the kingdom, issued by the Bohemian Academy (third volume); L. Niederle's "O |