ARTICLE XIL

SEC. 13. The General Assembly shall attach any new counties, that may hereafter be erected, to such districts, or subdivisions thereof, as shall be most convenient.

ARTICLE XII.

FINANCE AND TAXATION.

SEC. I. No poll tax shall ever be levied in this state, or service required, which may be commuted in money or other thing of value. (Adopted Sept. 3, 1912.)

SEC. 2. Laws shall be passed, taxing by a uniform rule, all moneys, credits, investments in bonds, stocks, joint stock companies, or otherwise; and also all real and personal property according to its true value in money, excepting all bonds at present outstanding of the state of Ohio or of any city, village, hamlet, county, or township in this state or which have been issued in behalf of the public schools in Ohio and the means of instruction in connection therewith, which bonds so at present outstanding shall be exempt from taxation; but burying grounds, public school houses, houses used exclusively for public worship, institutions used exclusively for charitable purposes, public property used exclusively for any public purpose, and personal property, to an amount not exceeding in value five hundred dollars, for each individual, may, by general laws, be exempted from taxation; but all such laws shall be subject to alteration or repeal; and the value of all property, so exempted, shall, from time to time, be ascertained and published as may be directed by law. (Adopted Sept. 3, 1912.)

SEC. 3. The General Assembly shall provide, by law, for taxing the notes and bills discounted or purchased, moneys loaned, and all other property, effects, or dues, of every description, (without deduction), of all banks now existing, or hereafter created, and of all bankers, so that all property employed in banking, shall always bear a burden of taxation, equal to that imposed on the property of individuals.

SEC. 4. The General Assembly shall provide for raising revenue, sufficient to defray the expenses of the state, for each year, and also a sufficient sum to pay the interest on the state debt.

SEC. 5. No tax shall be levied, except in pursuance of law; and every law imposing a tax, shall state, distinctly, the object of the same, to which only, it shall be applied.

SEC. 6. Except as otherwise provided in this constitution the state shall never contract any debt for purposes of internal improvement. (Adopted Sept. 3, 1912.)

SEC. 7. Laws may be passed providing for the taxation of the right to receive, or to succeed to, estates, and such taxation may be uniform or it may be so graduated as to tax at a higher rate the right to receive, or to succeed to, estates of larger value than to estates of smaller value. Such tax may also be levied at different rates upon

ARTICLE XIII.

collateral and direct inheritances, and a portion of each estate not exceeding twenty thousand dollars may be exempt from such taxation. (Adopted Sept. 3, 1912.)

SEC. 8. Laws may be passed providing for the taxation of incomes, and such taxation may be either uniform or graduated, and may be applied to such incomes as may be designated by law; but a part of each annual income not exceeding three thousand dollars may be exempt from such taxation. (Adopted Sept. 3, 1912.)

SEC. 9. Not less than fifty per centum of the income and inheritance taxes that may be collected by the state shall be returned to the city, village or township in which said income and inheritance tax originate. (Adopted Sept. 3, 1912.)

SEC. 10. Laws may be passed providing for excise and franchise taxes and for the imposition of taxes upon the production of coal, oil, gas and other minerals. (Adopted Sept. 3, 1912.)

SEC. II. No bonded indebtedness of the state, or any political subdivisions thereof, shall be incurred or renewed, unless, in the legislation under which such indebtedness is incurred or renewed, provision is made for levying and collecting annually by taxation an amount sufficient to pay the interest on said bonds, and to provide a sinking fund for their final redemption at maturity. (Adopted Sept. 3, 1912.)

ARTICLE XIII.

CORPORATIONS.

SEC. I. The General Assembly shall pass no special act conferring corporate powers.

SEC. 2. Corporations may be formed under general laws; but all such laws may, from time to time, be altered or repealed. Corporations may be classified and there may be conferred upon proper boards, commissions or officers, such supervisory and regulatory powers over their organization, business and issue and sale of stocks and securities, and over the business and sale of the stocks and securities of foreign corporations and joint stock companies in this state, as may be prescribed by law. Laws may be passed regulating the sale and conveyance of other personal property, whether owned by a corporation, joint stock company or individual. (Adopted Sept. 3, 1912.)

SEC. 3. Dues from private corporations shall be secured by such means as may be prescribed by law, but in no case shall any stockholder be individually liable otherwise than for the unpaid stock owned by him or her; except that stockholders of corporations authorized to receive money on deposit shall be held individually responsible, equally and ratably, and not one for another, for all contracts, debts, and engagements of such corporations, to the extent of the amount of their stock therein, at the par value thereof, in addition to the amount invested in

ARTICLE XIV.

such shares. No corporation not organized under the laws of this state, or of the United States, or person, partnership or association shall use the word "bank," "banker" or "banking," or words of similar meaning in any foreign language, as a designation or name under which business may be conducted in this state unless such corporation, person, partnership or association shall submit to inspection, examination and regulation as may hereafter be provided by the laws of this state. (Adopted Sept. 3, 1912.)

SEC. 4. The property of corporations, now existing or hereafter created, shall forever be subject to taxation, the same as the property of individuals.

SEC. 5. No right of way shall be appropriated to the use of any corporation, until full compensation therefor be first made in money, or first secured by a deposit of money, to the owner, irrespective of any benefit from any improvement proposed by such corporation; which compensation shall be ascertained by a jury of twelve men, in a court of record, as shall be prescribed by law.

SEC. 6. The General Assembly shall provide for the organization of cities, and incorporated villages, by general laws, and restrict their power of taxation, assessment, borrowing money, contracting debts and loaning their credit, so as to prevent the abuse of such power.

SEC. 7. No act of the General Assembly, authorizing associations with banking powers, shall take effect until it shall be submitted to the people, at the general election next succeeding the passage thereof, and be approved by a majority of all the electors, voting at such election.

ARTICLE XIV.

JURISPRUDENCE.

SEC. I. The General Assembly, at its first session after the adoption of this constitution, shall provide for the appointment of three commissioners, and prescribe their tenure of office, compensation, and the mode of filling vacancies in said commission.

SEC. 2. The said commissioners shall revise, reform, simplify, and abridge the practice, pleadings, forms, and proceedings of the courts of record of this state; and, as far as practicable and expedient, shall provide for the abolition of the distinct forms of action at law, now in use, and for the administration of justice by a uniform mode of proceeding without reference to any distinction between law and equity.

SEC. 3. The proceedings of the commissioners shall, from time to time, be reported to the General Assembly, and be subject to the action of that body.

ARTICLE XV.

SEC. 1.

ARTICLE XV.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Columbus shall be the seat of government, until otherwise directed by law.

SEC. 2. The printing of the laws, journals, bills, legislative documents and papers for each branch of the general assembly, with the printing required for the executive and other departments of state, shall be let, on contract, to the lowest responsible bidder, or done directly by the state in such manner as shall be prescribed by law. All stationery and supplies shall be purchased as may be provided by law. (Adopted Sept. 3, 1912.)

SEC. 3. An accurate and detailed statement of the receipts and expenditures of the public money, the several amounts paid, to whom, and on what account, shall, from time to time, be published, as shall be prescribed by law.

SEC. 4. No person shall be elected or appointed to any office in this state unless possessed of the qualifications of an elector; provided that women who are citizens may be appointed as members of boards of, or to positions in, those departments and institutions established by the state or any political subdivision thereof involving the interests or care of women or children or both. (Adopted Nov. 4, 1913, 103 v. 992.)

SEC. 5. No person who shall hereafter fight a duel, assist in the same as second, or send, accept, or knowingly carry, a challenge therefor, shall hold any office in this state.

SEC. 6. Lotteries, and the sale of lottery tickets, for any purpose whatever, shall forever be prohibited in this state.

SEC. 7. Every person chosen or appointed to any office under this state, before entering upon the discharge of its duties, shall take an oath or affirmation, to support the Constitution of the United States, and of this state, and also an oath of office.

SEC. 8. There may be established, in the secretary of state's office, a bureau of statistics, under such regulations as may be prescribed by law. SEC. 9. License to traffic in intoxicating liquors shall be granted in this state, and license laws operative throughout the state shall be passed with such restrictions and regulations as may be provided by law, and municipal corporations shall be authorized by general laws to provide for the limitation of the number of saloons. Laws shall not be passed authorizing more than one saloon in each township or municipality of less than five hundred population, or more than one saloon for each five. hundred population in other townships and municipalities. Where the traffic is or may be prohibited under laws applying to counties, municipalities, townships, residence districts, or other districts now. prescribed by law, the traffic shall not be licensed in any such local sub

ARTICLE XVI.

division while any prohibitory law is operative therein, and nothing herein contained shall be so construed as to repeal, modify or suspend any such prohibitory laws, or any regulatory laws now in force or hereafter enacted, or to prevent the future enactment, modification or repeal of any prohibitory or regulatory laws. License to traffic in intoxicating liquors shall not be granted to any person who at the time of making application therefor is not a citizen of the United States and of good moral character. License shall not be granted to any applicant who is in any way interested in the business conducted at any other place where intoxicating liquors are sold or kept for sale as a beverage nor shall such license be granted unless the applicant or applicants are the only persons in any way pecuniarily interested in the business for which the license is sought and no other person shall be in any way. interested therein during the continuance of the license; if such interest of such person shall appear, the license shall be deemed revoked. If any licensee is more than once convicted for a violation of the laws in force to regulate the traffic' in intoxicating liquors, his license shall be deemed revoked, and no license shall thereafter be granted to him. License to traffic in intoxicating liquors shall not be granted unless the place of traffic under such license shall be located in the county in which the person or persons reside whose duty it is to grant such license, or in a county adjoining thereto. The word "saloon" as used in this section is defined to be a place where intoxicating liquors are sold, or kept for sale, as a beverage in quantities less than one gallon. (Adopted Sept. 3, 1912.)

SEC. 9a. No law shall be passed or be in effect prohibiting the sale, furnishing or giving away of intoxicating liquors operative in division of the state upon the option of the electors thereof, or upon any other contingency, which has force within a territory larger than a municipal corporation or a township outside of municipal corporations therein. All laws in contravention of the foregoing are hereby repealed.

Nor shall any law hereafter be passed prohibiting the sale, furnishing or giving away of intoxicating liquors throughout the state at large. (Adopted Nov. 3, 1914.)

SEC. 10. Appointments and promotions in the civil service of the state, the several counties, and cities, shall be made according to merit and fitness, to be ascertained, as far as practicable, by competitive examinations. Laws shall be passed providing for the enforcement of this provision. (Adopted Sept. 3, 1912.)

ARTICLE XVI.

AMENDMENTS.

SEC. I. Either branch of the general assembly may propose amendments to this constitution; and, if the same shall be agreed to by three-fifths of the members elected to each house, such proposed amend

{