was either totally destroyed, or so much damaged as to become useless. The Greeks on board the fire-ship saved themselves on board the other ships; one of these gallant men, who seems born to redeem and consecrate the name of incendiary, observing that the inflammable matter did not catch fire, seized in his hand the red hot burning coals, and ignited it. The Capitan Pacha was blown up in his flag-ship; it is a remarkable circumstance, that this is the third Capitan Pacha which the Ottoman power has lost within the year: the last was a man of great skill and gallantry, and so highly esteemed by his nation, that letters from Trieste say, that when the news of his death reached Smyrna, the Turks there cast themselves on their knees, and invoked the assistance of the All Powerful and his Prophet. All the accounts which have arrived lately from the East concur in stating an increasing harmony between the Greeks and the British. It is said, in the accounts from Italy and Germany, that at the Congress certain conditions were resolved upon as an ultimatum to be presented to the Divan by Lord Strangford, and supported by the Austrian, French, and Russian Ministers; their nature, however, has not transpired. In the mean time the Sultan seems to have been occupied with something of considerable personal interest nearer home. He had received several very significant hints, that all was not exactly as it should be among the Janissaries; and as their hints are generally the prelude to rather serious activity, he determined, in person, to ascertain how matters stood. For this purpose he paraded Constantinople by night, incognito, and learned sufficient to induce him, on the very next morning, to strike off the head of his especial favourite, Haleb Effendi, and also of another confidential Minister, Barber Bachi; the rest of the Cabinet were instantly dismissed, so that Lord Strangford will have the pleasure of an entirely new official acquaintance on his return. Such is the tenure, not merely of power, but of human life, in these anti-human governments.

The foreign newspapers announce, during the last month, the death of

an extraordinary personage. Her last words were singular; and as it is not impossible that they may one day turn out prophetic, we give them a place in our record for more purposes than that of mere amusement. The evening preceding her death she called together all her household; she was supported on white velvet pillows; her bed was crimson damask, and in the centre hung a crown decorated with flowers. The whole of the apartment was superbly decorated and illuminated. She called her servants, one after another, to her bedside, who knelt and kissed her hand, which was one blaze of gems! To her chief director of finances, Juan Berosa, she said,"Juan, my blessing go with thee and thine." To Maria Belgrade, her waiting-maid, she said, "Go to Jerome, he will take care of thee. When my grandson is Emperor of France, he will make thee a great woman." She then called Colonel Darley to her bedside; he had attended her in all her fortunes, and in Napoleon's will was assigned to have a donation of 14,000l. "You," said she, "have been a good friend to me and my family; I have left you what will make you happy. Never forget my grandson-and what he and you may arrive at is beyond my discerning-but you will both be great." She then called in her junior servants, and as their names were mentioned, marked down with a pencil, on a sheet of paper, the pecuniary donation which she intended for each. When they were dismissed, she then declared, that she had done with this world, and demanded some water, in which she washed her hands. Her attendants found her dead, with her hand under her head, and a prayer-book on her breast. "Thus," says the account," perished the mother of one who has been a meteor upon earth, and a blazing star to direct others." Madame Mere, as she was called, died immensely rich; the bulk of her fortune goes to young Napoleon. She was latterly a very religious woman, and much under the influence of her brother, Cardinal Fesch.

We have devoted such a portion of our space for this month to our foreign digest, that we have but little

to spare for our domestic occurrences. They are, however, very few, and of no interest whatever, except so far as relate to Ireland. Circumstances have, however, taken place there, which are likely to put Lord Wellesley's firmness to the test, and call forth some of the Indian energy of his youth. It has, indeed, now literally become a question, whether he is to be Viceroy, or whether a despicable and detestable faction is to be "Viceroy over him." In the beginning of the month we observed with pleasure, that he had at length commenced that truly Herculean task, the purification of the Augean magistracy of Ireland; this he set about with firmness and impartiality; and, indeed, our readers may form some idea of his design when we announce, that in seven counties no less than two hundred noblemen and gentlemen, without distinction of party, have had writs of supersedeas directed to them. This was quite necessary-it was long called for by the wishes and the grievances of the country. Proceeding in the same spirit of general good, and indeed only acting in strict conformity with the injunction contained in his Majesty's parting admonition, he determined also, as far as in him lay, to repress on all sides every party demonstration. He, of course, forbade the annual insulting decoration of the Orange idol in College Green. This gave mortal offence to a body of men, who have long monopolized the places under government, and, therefore, laid claim also to a monopoly of the loyalty of the country, which, by the bye, seldom manifested itself, except in annual insult and civic hostility towards their Catholic brethren. The consequence was, that when Lord Wellesley, for the first time, last week visited the Dublin theatre, he was assailed by the most miscreant outcry which ever disgraced the metropolis of a soi disant civilized country. It is not our intention to go through the nauseous details of the outrage furnished by those criminal calendars, the Irish journals. Our readers may have some idea of the fact when we inform them, that not only was the Viceroy's life attempted, by flinging at him a quart bottle, but that such was

the apathy shown by the precious municipal police of Dublin, that even out of decency eight of them have been since dismissed! One fact more, and we have done-a respectable citizen of Dublin has deposed on oath, that after this horrid attempt at assassination had been made, he actually heard one of the Sheriffs of the City declare," that all things considered, he thought the evening had gone off very well!!!" Need we add a word more?

Next month, perhaps, we shall go a little more at length into this subject, and show, that if this spirit is sought really to be repressed, writs of supersedeas must be directed to even higher persons than the local magistrates of the country. The Cabinet of Ireland, at this moment, reminds one strongly of Burke's "tesselated" Ministry.

COMMERCE.

The markets, during the course of the last four weeks, have not on the whole offered any considerable variation; and the only interest excited has been by the varying reports respecting the probability of war between France and Spain, and between Russia and Turkey. The news at the very beginning of this month being quite of a warlike tendency, naturally caused much sensation among the merchants, as long as hostilities were supposed nearly certain. It was evident, if there should be such a war, and especially without England being implicated, a great and very beneficial change in the trade of the United Kingdom must ensue. The effect would be an immediate advance in warlike stores of every description; and, indeed, of all exports to the Continent: and as almost every article of East and West India produce, and the staple commodities of the country, have fallen below any reasonable medium price, even below the price at which they can be brought to market, every ar ticle of trade might be expected to advance, which would of course give an extraordinary impulse to our commerce. Saltpetre, rice, rum, corn, &c., would probably be immediately affected. It is, therefore, no won der that every report favouring the opinion of an immediate war has been eagerly caught up; but the

brought forward by Herrera, against Las Casas, of having been the author of the African slave trade. He observes, that the Spaniards purchased negroes long before the discovery of America; that they brought some with them at their very first settle ment in St. Domingo, and that the African slave trade was authorised at least eight years before the time when Las Casas is stated to have advised it. Among the latest novels are Gabriela, by the Duchess D'A., author of the Two Friends; and the Countess of Fargy, by Madame de Souza, forming part of a new edition of her works, The Travels of Anthony and Bartholomew Bacheville, relating their incredible misfortunes and adventures in various parts of the world, have all the interest of fiction.

Madame le Genlis' Diners du Baron D'Holbach introduces by name many courtiers and literati of the eighteenth century, such as Diderot, Voltaire, the Abbe Morellet, &c. She of course does not spare the philosophers.

Two biographical dictionaries are in the course of publication, one un der the title of Biographie Nouvelle des Contemporains, by Messrs. Ar nault Jouy, Jay, &c., is written in opposition to a similar work printed in Belgium, which did not do justice to the heroes of the revolution; the 8th volume (GA-GV) is published. The other is a new edition of the Belgium Dictionary, considerably augmented; it will form 10 volumes, and will probably be the better work of the two.

M. Barbier has published the 1st vol. of his useful Dictionary of Anonymous and Pseudonymous Works, composed, translated, or published in French and Latin, with the names of the authors, translators, and editors, accompanied with historical and critical notes. This edition will consist of four volumes: the second will be published in January, 1823.

The splendid edition of Ovid's Metamorphoses, in 24 Nos. is completed. The translation is new by M. G. T. Villenave, printed by P. Didot, and ornamented with 144 engravings from the designs of Moreau, jun. and others. The price of the 24 Nos. is from 192 francs to 960. Two copies only, on vellum, cost each 4800 francs; and one copy, with the original drawings, is offered at 24,000 francs.

The 35th No. of the Musée des Antiques, designed by Mr. P. Bouillon, is published. Mr. Bouillon engages that it shall not exceed 45 Nos., and expects to complete it in two years more. It will contain not only every thing in the King's collection, but all the masterpieces which the French possessed for a time, but have since restored to their right owners.

The new edition of the great work on Egypt, by the French Savans, proceeds with rapidity.

Of Gau's Nubia, which is printed as a supplement to the Description of Egypt, six Nos. are published, of the twelve of which it is intended to consist. It is a most splendid and interesting performance.

The new Florence Gallery, which is conducted on a grand scale, must not be confounded with any preceding work bearing the same title. The prints are from the drawings of Wicar, who resided 15 years at Florence, where he employed himself in making admirable drawings on a reduced scale of the masterpieces of the great painters; among which the portraits of the masters, painted by themselves, are a distinguished ornament of the Gallery. They have been beautifully copied. The statues and antique bronzes are rendered with consummate skill. The gems have been magnified. The explanations are all by M. Mongez, member of the Royal Academy of Inscriptions and Belles Lettres. The whole will consist of 50 Nos. at 18 francs each. The splendid collection of original draw ings in 10 folio volumes, magnificently bound, and enclosed in a mahogany case, richly ornamented with bronze, gilt, are in the possession of M. Panc koucke, who offers them for sale in one lot.

A taste for oriental literature is becoming more and more general in France, and the study of it will be greatly promoted by the institution of the Paris Asiatic Society, which counts amongst its members, Messrs. Silvestre de Sary, Klaproth, Remusat, Chezy, Martin, &c. They have commenced the publication of a monthly journal, and intend to publish, as soon as possible, many important works, such as a Sanscrit grammar and dictionary, and va rious Arabic, Persian, and Sanscrit works.

Russia Of the works lately pub lished in Russia, the most important is the concluding part of the great Russian dictionary, compiled by the Imperial Society, which is now complete in six volumes. Another important enterprise is the Grand Atlas of the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Poland, and the Grand Duchy of Finland, finely engraved on 70 sheets in folio. The spirit of naval enterprise which has prevailed since Krusen stern's voyage round the world, has caused several voyages of discovery to be undertaken, with the results of some of which the public are already acquainted; for instance, Golownin's Account of Japan, and Kotzebue's Voyage. In the course of the last year, no less than three expeditions have returned to Cronstadt, the accounts of which are preparing for publication; one is Captain Bellinghausen's Voyage to the South Seas, where he is said to have made some interesting discoveries; another that of the Discovery and Good Intent to the North-west coast of America, where they proceeded to a higher latitude than Captain Cook, and disco vered a pretty considerable island; the third is that of the Golownin and Baranow, two vessels belonging to the Russian North American Company, which have just returned, after making a more accurate survey of the North-west coast of America. They also discovered a pretty large island called Numirack, in 59 deg. 54 min. 57 sec. N. latitude, and 193 deg. 17 min. 2 sec. E. longitude. Besides these expeditions, others have been undertaken in the North of Siberia and the interior of Asia, some particulars of which have transpired, and cause the detailed accounts to be looked for with interest; but it is uncertain how far the policy of the Government may interfere to withhold any part of the particulars. Since the annexation of the Crimea to the Russian Empire, the founda tion of Odessa, and the rapid increase of population in the Russian provinces on the Euxine, a multitude of interesting discoveries have been made. Unknown medals, beautiful Greek inscriptions, daily disclose interesting facts, which we might seek in vain in ancient authors: we may expect to become better acquainted with the numerous Greek colonies which for

merly occupied all the coasts of the Black Sea, and we shall learn the yet unknown revolutions of the GrecoScythian Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosphorus, which maintained itself for nearly eight centuries amid the barbarous tribes of Europe and Asia. Among the works already published may be mentioned, 1. A Notice of the Medals of Rhadameadis, an unknown King of the Cimmerian Bos phorus, by M. Stempouski. 2. A Selection of the Medals of the ancient Greek City of Olbiopolis, by M. de Blaremberg, 8vo. with 22 plates. The discoveries of these gentlemen have furnished M. Raoul Ro chelle, of the Academy of Belles Let tres at Paris, with means to compose a learned work on the Greek Antiquities of the Cimmerian Bosphorus, 1 vol. 8vo. The extension of the Russian dominion in Asia has likewise been the means of adding im mense collections of Oriental MSS. medals, &c. to the museum of St. Petersburg. The cabinet of Mahometan medals in particular is of the highest importance, and is expected, when duly arranged, to furnish most interesting materials for the elucida tion of the history of Asia. The learned M. Fræhn is actively engaged in preparing a work on the subject of these medals in the form, we understand, of a Catalogue raisonné, respecting which he published a preliminary report above a year ago.

Germany-In the catalogue of the Leipzig Michaelmas fair, we observe a great number of works of various dimensions on the affairs of Greece and Turkey; a pretty considerable list of voyages and travels; translations of almost every work of the least importance published in England and France; the usual host of almanacks or pocket-books, a branch of literature (for so it must be called in Germany) in which the Germans are unrivalled; and no inconsiderable number of books of devotion, besides a great collection of works for youth.

D. Scholz, of Bonn, well known both in England and France by his oriental studies, has published his Journey in the Environs of Alexandria, the Libyan Desert, Egypt, Palestine, and Syria, in the years 1820 and 21. Neither Buckingham, nor any other modern traveller, and, least of all, Chateaubriand, have