minent swelling in the Faux is Palatum, the Palate; the upper part of the tube is Collum, the Neck."* Fig. 73.

7. COROLLA personata, a personate corolla. (Persona, a mask, Lat.) In this the lips are not open, as in the ringent corolla, but in contact; and when the lower lip (barba, or labellum) is drawn from the upper, it immediately, when let loose, springs to its place, so as again to shut the tube. An examination of the flower of snap-dragon will give a better idea of this corolla than any description.

The leaves of the polypetalous corolla consist, each, of an inferior narrow part called the claw (unguis), Fig. 74. (b), and an upper broader portion named the expansion, or border (lamina), Fig. 74. (a) What, therefore, is the limb (limbus) in a monopetalous, is the lamina of the petal in a polypetalous corolla. The term polypetalous was formerly applied to such flowers only as had more than six petals; and generally when a corolla has two petals, it is termed dipetalous; when three, tripetalous; four, tetrapetalous; five, pentapetalous; six, hexapetalous; and beyond this, polypetalous.

* Martyn's Lang. of Botany.

8. COROLLA cruciformis, or cruciata; a cruciform corolla, like a Maltese cross (crux, a cross, Lat.), as in wall-flower, stock gilliflower, rocket, &c. Fig. 74. (f)

9. COROLLA papilionacea, Papilionaceous, or butterfly-shaped (papilio, a butterfly, Lat.).

The blossoms of the pea, broom, or furze, afford ready examples of this. It is formed of four petals which have distinct names. The large petal (c),

Fig. 74., which stands up from the rest, is the

vexillum, or standard; the side pieces (d) are the ale or wings; and the undermost (e), which is hollowed out like a boat, is named the carina, or keel. * The carina contains the pistil and stamens, and being closed around them, defends them from the weather; while the ala, which overlap its sides, serve to throw off the rain. The vexillum, also, has its use in protecting these parts; for when the wind is strong, the blossoms, by the intervention of

The keel is in general composed of two petals; but in

the standard, all turn their backs to it, by which the more delicate parts are sheltered. The resemblance which the papilionaceous corolla bears to a butterfly is pretty close, and the insect in its turn has been compared to the flower.

The gaudy butterfly in wanton round,

That like a living pea-flower skimmed the ground.

10. COROLLA rosacea, rosaceous, or rose-like (rosa, a rose, Lat.).

11. COROLLA malvacea, malvaceous, or mallowlike (malva, a mallow, Lat.).

12. COROLLA caryophyllacea, caryophyllaceous, or pink-like (caryophyllus, a pink, Lat.).

13. COROLLA liliacea, liliaceous, or lily-like (lilium, a lily, Lat.).

14. COROLLA orchidea, orchideous, or orchislike (from the plant orchis).

These terms will be better understood by referring to the flowers from which they are named, than by any verbal definitions.

15. COROLLA incompleta, an incomplete corolla. When a part which we should naturally expect to be present is wanting, as in bastard indigo (Amorpha), which has "a papilionaceous flower apparently, but consisting of the vexillum only."

We shall treat of compound flowers, and of the nectary, afterwards, and shall now attend to the remaining parts of the fructification.

STAMEN, "in the plural stamens, not stamina in * Smith.

English." It consists of three parts: the filament, FILAMENTUM (filum, a thread, Lat.); the anther, ANTHERA, which sits on the top of the filament; and the POLLEN, or FARINA, a sort of mealy powder which the anther throws out when it is ripe, and bursts; thus, (a) Fig. 75. represents a filament and anther; and (b) the pollen falling from the latter.

But not unfrequently in examining flowers, you will find the stamens sessile, or immediately attached to the corolla, as at Fig. 75. (c), which represents a corolla laid open, and having anthers without filaments; the latter, therefore, are not essential to the formation of a stamen.

The anther is very various in form, and contains from one to four cells, but the number is in general two. It was called by the older botanists (who were not aware of its use and importance), the summit, pendent, or tip. As, together with the pistil, it forms the basis of the Linnæan classification, the student will, in pursuing his practical studies, have examples under his own eye of its various modifications. In some plants he will find it round; in others oblong, linear, reniform, sagittate, pilose, crested, &c.: sometimes several growing together, forming a tube; in other instances moveable or versatile, that is, turning with the slightest breath of wind; and in the tulip, in which it stands, encasing the top of the filament, he may

remove it from the latter, and again replace it, when it will seem as originally situated, and will move and vibrate as though nothing had happened.

The pollen, which is formed by the anther, is the great agent in ripening the seeds, and if it exist, even though not formed in a regular anther as usual, the same end is answered. Thus in the orchis tribe, and in some other plants, the pollen appears in naked masses, destitute of a membranous covering. In such cases, instead of the terms stamen, or anther, it is usual to speak of the mass or masses of pollen (massa, or massæ pollinis).

When we examine with a glass the individual particles of dust which compose the pollen, we find that each is a membranous bag; and it is ascertained that when these globules meet with moisture, they explode, and throw out a vapour, which coming in contact with the pistil, renders the seeds fertile. The form of the globules is extremely various in different plants, and in the orchis tribe, instead of being like a powder, they form glutinous

masses.

PISTILLUM, the pistil.

This, like the stamen, consists, also, of three parts, the GERMEN, the STYLE, and the STIGMA. We may resemble it to a pillar, and then the first will represent the pedestal, the second the shaft, and the third the capital, as in the pistil of a lily, Fig. 75. where (ƒ) shows the germen, (e) the style, and (d) the stigma.