available to that person the procedures of the Civil Service regional loyalty board, including the opportunity of a hearing and the right of appeal to the Commission's Loyalty Review Board in like manner as provided with respect to Federal employment (Executive Order 9835 of March 21, 1947). The regional loyalty board or the Loyalty Review Board, on appeal, shall transmit its determinations, together with the reasons therefor, stated in as much detail as security consideration permits, to the Secretary of State for transmission to the Secretary General.

6. The Secretary of State may forward the derogatory information to the Secretary General at any stage during the investigation.

7. The Secretary of State shall notify the Secretary General in all cases in which no derogatory information has been developed.

II. STANDARD

1. The standard to be used by a regional loyalty board or by the Loyalty Review Board, on appeal, shall be whether or not, on all the evidence there is a reasonable doubt as to the loyalty of the person involved to the Government of the United States.

2. Activities and associations of a person which may be considered in connection with the determination of his loyalty may include (a) sabotage, espionage, or attempts thereof, or knowingly associating with spies or saboteurs, (b) treason or sedition or advocacy thereof, (c) advocacy of revolution, force, or violence to alter the constitutional form of government of the United States, (d) intentional, unauthorized disclosure of confidential information obtained in course of Federal employment or otherwise, (e) acting to serve the interests of another government in preference to the interests of the United States, while in Federal employment, (f) membership in or affiliation with subversive groups.

III. OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

The provisions of parts 1 and 2 of this Executive order are also applicable to United States citizens who are employees of, or are being considered for employment by, other public international organizations of which the United States Government is a member, by arrangement between the executive head of the international organization concerned and the Secretary of State or other officer of the United States designated by the President.

Executive Order 10459, effective May 27, 1953 (18 F. R. 3183) amends Executive Order 10422, supra, in the following manner:

I. INVESTIGATION

3. The preliminary investigation conducted by the Civil Service Commission shall be a full background investigation conforming to the Commission's investigative standards, and shall include: (a) Federal Bureau of Investigation files, (b) Civil Service Commission files, (c) military and naval intelligence files as appropriate, (d) files of any other appropriate Government investigative or intelligence agency, (e) the files of appropriate committees of the Congress, (f) local lawenforcement files at place of residence and employment of the person,

(g) schools and colleges, (h) former employers, (i) references given, (5) any other appropriate source. In the case of employees for terms of not over 90 days, investigation need not include reference to items (f) through (j).

4. When information disclosed with respect to any person is derogatory, within the standard set forth in Part II of the order, the Civil Service Commission shall forward the information to the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Bureau shall conduct a full field investigation.

4A. In all cases involving a United States citizen employed or being considered for employment on the internationally recruited staff of the United Nations for a period exceeding 90 days, the investigation required by this Part shall be a full field investigation conducted by the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

5. Reports of full field investigations shall be forwarded through the Civil Service Commission to the International Organizations Employees Loyalty Board established by Part IV of this order. Whenever such a report contains derogatory information, under the standard set forth in Part II of this order, there shall be made available to the person in question the procedures of the Board provided by Part IV of this order (including the opportunity of a hearing) for inquiring into the loyalty of the person as a United States citizen in accordance with the standard set forth in Part II of this order. The Board shall transmit its determinations, as advisory opinions, together with the reasons for same in as much detail as the Board determines that security considerations permit, to the Secretary of State for transmission to the Secretary General of the United Nations for his

use.

6. At any stage during the investigation or Board proceeding, the Board may transmit to the Secretary of State, for forwarding to the Secretary General, disclosed derogatory information in as much detail as the Board determines that security considerations permit.

This shall be for the purpose of assisting the Secretary General in determining whether or not he should take action with respect to the employment of a person being considered for employment prior to the completion of the procedures outlined in this order. The making available of any such information shall be without prejudice to the right of full hearing as provided for herein.

II. STANDARD

1. The standard to be used by the International Organizations Employees Loyalty Board in making an advisory determination shall be whether or not, on all the evidence there is a reasonable doubt as to the loyalty of the person involved to the Government of the United States.

IV. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS EMPLOYEES LOYALTY BOARD

1. There is established in the Civil Service Commission an International Organizations Employees Loyalty Board consisting of not less than three members, who shall be officers or employees of the Commission.

2. The Board is authorized, in cases referred to it under this order, to inquire into the loyalty to the Government of the United States of

United States citizens employed, or considered for employment, by international organizations of which the United States is a member, and to make advisory determinations under the standard set forth in Part II of this order, for transmission by the Secretary of State to the executive heads of the international organizations.

3. The Board shall make necessary rules and regulations for the execution of its functions. Such rules and regulations shall include provisions for furnishing each person whose case is considered by the Board (a) a written statement of the alleged derogatory information, in as much detail as the Board determines that security considerations permit, (b) an opportunity to answer in writing and to submit affidavits, (c) an opportunity for a hearing before the Board, including the right to be represented by counsel, to present witnesses and to crossexamine witnesses. The Board shall conduct its hearings in such manner as will not disclose information affecting the national security. 4. The Board shall base its determination on all the evidence before it including such confidential information as it may have in its possession. The Board shall send a copy of its determinations to each person who is the subject thereof.

5. The Civil Service Commission shall provide the necessary investigative and other services required by the Board, and all other Executive agencies are directed to cooperate with the Board.

6. All cases arising under Executive Order 10422 which are pending before the Regional Loyalty Boards and the Loyalty Review Board of the Commission on May 27, 1953, shall be transferred to the Board.

Part IV

SPECIAL INVESTIGATING COMMITTEES CREATED BY

SIMPLE RESOLUTION

(INCLUDING REPORTS ISSUED BY COMMITTEES)

SECTION A. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

Seventy-first Congress

House Resolution 220-"The Fish Committee"-Communist Propaganda in the United States:

"Resolved, That the Speaker of the House of Representatives is authorized and directed to appoint a committee of five Members of the House of Representatives to investigate communist propaganda in the United States and particularly in our educational institutions; the activities and membership of the Communist Party of the United States; and all affiliated organizations and groups thereof; the ramification of the Communist International in the United States; the Amtorg Trading Corporation; the Daily Worker, and all entities, groups, or individuals who are alleged to advise, teach, or advocate the overthrow by force or violence of the Government of the United States, or attempt to undermine our republican form of government by inciting riots, sabotage, or revolutionary disorders.

"The committee shall report to the House the results of its investigation, including such recommendations for legislation as it deems advisable.

"For such purposes the committee or any subcommittee thereof, is authorized to sit and act at such times and places in the District of Columbia or elsewhere, whether or not the House is in session, to hold such hearings, to employ such experts, and such clerical, stenographic, and other assistants, to require the attendance of such witnesses and the production of such books, papers, and documents, to take such testimony, to have such printing and binding done, and to make such expenditures as it deems necessary."

The resolution was agreed to on May 22, 1930 (72 Congressional Record 9397).

Report-The committee submitted a report on January 17, 1931 (H. Rept. No. 2290, 71st Cong., 3d sess.).

Seventy-third Congress

House Resolution 198-"The McCormack-Dickstein Committee❞— Nazi Propaganda:

"Resolved, That the Speaker of the House of Representatives be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint a special committee to be composed of seven members for the purpose of conducting

an investigation of (1) the extent, character, and objects of Nazi propaganda activities in the United States, (2) the diffusion within the United States of subversive propaganda that is instigated from foreign countries and attacks the principle of the form of government as guaranteed by our Constitution, and (3) all other questions in relation thereto that would aid Congress in any necessary remedial legislation.

"That said special committee, or any subcommittee thereof, is hereby authorized to sit and act during the present Congress at such times and places within the United States, whether or not the House is sitting, has recessed, or has adjourned, to hold such hearings, to require the attendance of such witnesses and the production of such books, papers, and documents, by subpena or otherwise and to take such testimony as it deems necessary. Subpenas shall be issued under the signature of the chairman and shall be served by any person designated by him. The chairman of the committee or any member thereof may administer oaths to witnesses. Every person who, having been summoned as a witness by authority of said committee or any subcommittee thereof, willfully makes default, or who, having appeared, refuses to answer any question pertinent to the investigation heretofore authorized, shall be held to the penalties provided by section 102 of the Revised Statutes of the United States."

The resolution was agreed to on March 20, 1934 (78 Congressional Record 4949).

Report-The Committee submitted its report on February 15, 1935 (H. Rept. No. 153, 73d Cong.).

Seventy-fifth Congress

House Resolution 282-"The Dies Committee"-Investigation of UnAmerican Activities:

"Resolved, That the Speaker of the House of Representatives be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint a special committee to be composed of seven members for the purpose of conducting an investigation of (1) the extent, character, and objects of UnAmerican propaganda activities in the United States, (2) the diffusion within the United States of subversive and Un-American propaganda that is instigated from foreign countries or of a domestic origin and attacks the principle of the form of government as guaranteed by our Constitution, and (3) all other questions in relation thereto that would aid Congress in any necessary remedial legislation.

"That said special committee, or any subcommittee thereof, is hereby authorized to sit and act during the present Congress at such times and places within the United States, whether or not the House is sitting, has recessed, or has adjourned, to hold such hearings, to require the attendance of such witnesses and the production of such books, papers, and documents, by subpena or otherwise and to take such testimony as it deems necessary. Subpenas shall be issued under the signature of the chairman and shall be served by any person designated by him. The Chairman of the committee or any member thereof may administer oaths to witnesses. Every person who, having been summoned as a