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before the Secretary of Agriculture and show cause why the seed or screenings should be admitted. See or screenings refused admission and not exported by the consignee within twelve months from the date of notice of such refusal shall be destroyed in accordance with joint rules and regulations prescribed under section 1592 of this tile: Provided, That the Secretary of the Treasury may deliver to the consignee such seed or screenings pending examination and decision in the matter or for staining, if it be seed which is required to be stained, or for cleaning, on the execution of a redelivery bond for such amount as may be necessary under joint rules and regulations prescribed under section 1592 of this title, and on refusal to return such seed or screenings for any cause to the custody of the Secretary of the Treasury, when demanded, for the purpose of excluding such seed or screenings from the country, or for any other purpose, said consignee shall forfeit the full amount of the bond as liquidated damages: And provided further, That all charges for storage, cartage, and labor on the seed or screenings which are refused admission or delivery, shall be paid by the owner or consignee, and in default of such payment shall constitute a lien against future importation made by such owner or consignee.

(b) The refuse from any seeds or screenings which are allowed to be cleaned under bond shall be destroyed in accordance with joint rules and regulations prescribed under section 1592 of this title.

(c) The provisions of this subchapter shall not apply

(1) when seed is shipped in bond through the United States, or (2) when the Secretary of Agriculture finds that a substantial proportion of the importations of any kind of seed is used for other than seeding purposes, and he provides by rules and regulations that seed of such kind not imported for seeding purposes shall be exempted from the provisions of the chapter: Provided, That importations of such kinds of seed shall be accompanied by a declaration setting forth the use for which imported when and as required under joint rules and regulations prescribed under section 1592 of this title. (Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title III, § 302, 53 Stat. 1283.)

See section 1610 of this title.

EFFECTIVE DATE

CROSS REFERENCE

Delegation of regulatory functions of Secretary of Agriculture, see section 516a et seq. of Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees.

§ 1583. Adulterated seed.-Seed subject to the provisions of section 1581 of this title is adulterated if any kind of such seed contains more than 5 per centum by weight of seed or seeds of another kind or kinds of similar appearance: Provided, That the mixture of the seed of white and alsike clover, or red clover and alsike clover, shall not be deemed to be adulterated, and that other seed mixtures of similar kinds of seeds of similar appearance shall not be deemed to be adulterated when the Secretary of Agriculture finds and prescribes by order that the importation of such

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seed mixtures for planting is not detrimental to the user of such seeds (Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title III, § 303, 53 Stat. 1283.)

See section 1610 of this title.

EFFECTIVE DATE

CROSS REFERENCE

Delegation of regulatory functions of Secretary of Agriculture, see section 516a et seq. of Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees.

§ 1584. Seed unfit for seeding purposes.-Seed subject to the provisions of section 1581 of this title is unfit for seeding purposes

(a) If any such seed contains noxious-weed seed at a rate in excess of

(1) one noxious-weed seed in each ten grams of the seed of timothy, orchard grass, bromegrass, crested wheatgrass, slender wheatgrass, ryegrass, sweetclover, alfalfa, millet, rape, flax, clovers, and species of Agrostis, Fescuca, or Poa, or any kind of seed of a size and weight similar to or less than those named;

(2) one noxious-weed seed in each twenty-five grams of the seed of sorghum, Sudan grass, and buckwheat, or any kind of seed of a size and weight greater than the seeds referred to in (a) (1), but less than seeds referred to in (a) (3) of this section; (3) one noxious-weed seed in each one hundred grams of the seed of wheat, oats, rye, barley, vetches, and corn, or any seed of a size and weight similar to or greater than such seed.

(b) If any such seed contains more than 2 per centum by weight of weed seeds; or

(c) If any such seed contains less than 75 per centum of pure, live seed, or if any component of such seed present to the extent of 10 per centum or more contains less than 75 per centum of live seed; Provided, That when the Secretary of Agriculture shall find that any such seed or any kind of seed present to the extent of 10 per centum or more cannot be produced to contain 75 per centum of pure, live seed, he may set up such standard from time to time for pure, live seed as he finds can be produced. (Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title III, § 304, 53 Stat. 1284.)

See section 1610 of this title.

EFFECTIVE DATE

CROSS REFERENCE

Delegation of regulatory functions of Secretary of Agriculture, see section 516a et seq. of Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees.

§ 1585. Certain seeds required to be strained.—(a) Any seed containing 10 per centum or more of the seeds of alfalfa and/or red clover, subject to the provisions of section 1581 of this title, shall be stained in such manner and to such extent as the Secretary of Agriculture by regulation may prescribe and, when practicable, the color produced by such stain shall indicate the country or region of origin.

(b) Whenever the Secretary of Agriculture, after public hearing, determines that seed of alfalfa or red clover from any foreign

country or region is not adapted for general agricultural use in the United States, he shall publish such determination. On and after the expiration of ninety days after the date of such publication, and until such determination is revoked, 10 per centum or more of the seeds in each container of such alfalfa or red clover seed, or any seed containing 10 per centum or more of such alfalfa or red clover seed, shall be stained a red color, in accordance with such regulations as the Secretary of Agriculture may prescribe.

(c) Whenever the origin of the seed of alfalfa or of red clover present in excess of 10 per centum in any seed subject to section 1581 of this title is unestablished, 10 per centum of the seed in each container shall be stained a red color.

(d) Whenever the seeds of alfalfa or of red clover of different origins are present in excess of 10 per centum in any seed subject to section 1581 of this title, and different colors are required by reason of such different origins, 10 per centum of the seed in each container shall be stained red.

(e) Whenever any seed required to be stained under the provisions of this chapter is commingled with seed of the same kind grown in the United States, the seed in each container thereof shall be stained 10 per centum red. (Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title III, § 305, 53 Stat. 1284.)

See section 1610 of this title.

EFFECTIVE DATE

CROSS REFERENCE

Delegation of regulatory functions of Secretary of Agriculture, see section 516a et seq. of Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees.

§ 1586. Certain acts prohibited. It shall be unlawful for any person

(a) To sell or offer for sale

(1) any seed for seeding purposes if imported under this subchapter for other than seeding purposes;

(2) any screenings of any seeds for seeding purposes if imported under this subchapter for other than seeding purposes; (3) any seed which is prohibited entry under the provisions of this chapter;

(4) any seed which has been stained to resemble seed stained in accordance with the provisions of this chapter and the rules and regulations made and promulgated thereunder;

(5) any seed stained under the provisions of this chapter and the rules and regulations made and promulgated thereunder, when mixed with seed of the same kind produced in the United States; (6) any seed stained with different colors;

(7) any seed stained under the provisions of this chapter, the labeling of which states that such seed is adapted.

(b) To change the proportion of seeds stained under the provisions of this chapter and the rules and regulations made and promulgated thereunder, or to alter, modify, conceal, or remove in any manner or by any means the color of such stained seeds. (Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title III, § 306, 53 Stat. 1285.)

See section 1610 of this title.

EFFECTIVE DATE

CROSS REFERENCE

Tobacco seeds, prohibition against exportation, see sections 516 and 517 of this title.

SUBCHAPTER IV.-GENERAL PROVISIONS

§ 1591. Delegation of duties. Any duties developing upon the Secretary of Agriculture by virtue of the provisions of this chapter may with like force and effect be executed by such officer or officers, agent or agents, of the Department of Agriculture as the Secretary may designate for the purpose. (Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title IV, § 401, 53 Stat. 1285.)

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section became effective August 9, 1939, see section 1610 of this title.

CROSS REFERENCE

Delegation of regulatory functions of Secretary of Agriculture, see section 516a et seq. of Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees.

§ 1592. Rules and regulations.-(a) The Secretary of Agriculture shall make such rules and regulations as he may deem necessary for the effective enforcement of this chapter, except as otherwise provided in this section.

(b) The Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Agriculture shall make, jointly or severally, such rules and regulations as they may deem necessary for the effective enforcement of subchapter III of this chapter.

(c) Prior to the promulgation of any rule or regulation under this chapter, due notice shall be given by publication in the Federal Register of intention to promulgate and the time and place of a public hearing to be held with reference thereto, and no rule or regulation may be promulgated until after such hearing. Any rule or, regulation shall become effective on the date fixed in the promulgation, which date shall be not less than thirty days after publication in the Federal Register, and may be amended or revoked in the manner provided for its promulgation. (Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title IV, § 402, 53 Stat. 1285.)

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section became effective August 9, 1939, see section 1610 of this title.

CROSS REFERENCE

Delegation of regulatory functions of Secretary of Agriculture, see section 516a et seq. of Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees.

§ 1593. Standards, tests, tolerances. (a) The sampling, analyses, tests, or examinations of seeds made in connection with the administration of this chapter shall be made by methods set forth by rules and regulations prescribed under section 1592 of this title.

(b) The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized and directed to make and promulgate by rules and regulations, reasonable tolerances as to the percentages and rates of occurrence required to be stated or required by this chapter.

(c) For the purpose of section 1571 (b) of this title, the Secretary of Agriculture is authorized and directed to investigate determine, establish, and promulgate from time to time such reasonable standards of germination for each kind of vegetable seed as will in his judgment best protect crop production. (Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title IV, § 403, 53 Stat. 1285.)

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section became effective August 9, 1939, see section 1610 of this title.

CROSS REFERENCE

Delegation of regulatory functions of Secretary of Agriculture, see section 516a et seq. of Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees.

§ 1594. Prohibition against alterations.-No person shall detach, alter, deface, or destroy any label provided for in this chapter or the rules and regulations made and promulgated thereunder by the Secretary of Agriculture, or alter or substitute seed in a manner that may defeat the purpose of this chapter. (Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title IV, § 404, 53 Stat. 1286.)

See section 1610 of this title.

EFFECTIVE DATE

§ 1595. Seizure.-(a) Any seed sold, delivered for transportation in interstate commerce, or transported in interstate or foreign commerce in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter shall, at the time of such violation or at any time thereafter, be liable to be proceeded against on libel of information and condemned in any district court of the United States within the jurisdiction of which the seed is found.

(b) If seed is condemned by a decree of the court as being in violation of the provisions of this chapter, it may be disposed of by the court by

(1) sale; or

(2) delivery to the owner thereof after he has appeared as claimant and paid the court costs and fees and storage and other proper expenses and executed and delivered a bond with good and sufficient sureties that such seed will not be sold or disposed of in any jurisdiction contrary to the provisions of this chapter and the rules and regulations made and promulgated thereunder, or the laws of such jurisdiction; or

(3) destruction.

(c) If such seed is disposed of by sale, the proceeds of the sale, less the court costs and fees and storage and other proper expenses, shall be paid into the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts, but such seed shall not be sold or disposed of in any jurisdiction contrary to the provisions of this chapter and the rules and regulations made and promulgated thereunder, or the laws of such jurisdiction.

(d) The proceedings in such libel cases shall conform, as nearly as may be, to the proceedings in admiralty, except that either party may demand trial by jury of any issue of fact joined in any such case; and such proceedings shall be at the suit of and in the name of the United States. (Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title IV, § 405, 53 Stat. 1286.)

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