settled the crown upon the Lady Jane, who reluctantly received it. Her reign lasted but nine days. She and her husband were convicted of treason, imprisoned in the Tower, and beheaded. Though only 17 years of age, she was remarkable for her acquaintance with ancient and mo dern languages. She died with calm resignation, adhering firmly to the Protestant faith, in which she was educated. Died, February 12th, 1554. GROTESQUE (-tesk), curiously formed; whimsi cal, extravagant. The term is derived from the figures found in the subterraneous apartments (grottos) in the ancient ruins at Rome, and is applied to pieces of sculpture and painting, and to natural scenery. GROTTO, a natural or artificial cave or cavern. | GROUND, the color first laid on, and upon which the rest of a picture is painted. GROVELING, mean and creeping. GUARANTEE, to warrant; to make sure. GUILLOTINE (gillo-teen), a machine named from the inventor, for beheading persons at a stroke. GUISE, external appearance; dress. GUNSLIDE, a sort of carriage on which a gun is mounted, and by which it is put through the port-hole and drawn back. GUNWALE, the upper edge of a ship's side. GYVES (jives), fetters or shackles. HAGGLING, caviling and hesitating in bargaining. HALCYON. (This name was anciently given to the king-fisher. The female bird was said to lay her eggs on rocks, near the sea, during the calm weather, near the winter solstice.) Hence, peaceful; happy. HALL, ROBERT, a celebrated Baptist preacher and theological writer, born in Leicestershire, England, in 1764. HALO, a circle of brightness. HANNIBAL, an illustrious Carthaginian of ancient times. When nine years old, his father made him take an oath never to be a friend to the Romans. For 16 years he was at war with Italy, during which time he crossed the Alps to attack his enemies. He destroyed himself by poison in his sixty-fifth year, to avoid falling into the hands of the Romans. HARBINGER, a precursor; a forerunner. HARMONIC, musical; concordant; consonant. HARPING, howling. HAUTBOY (hoboy), a wind instrument of music. HAVOC, slaughter; devastation. HEADLEY, JOEL T., REV., author of several popular works. Born at Walton, N. Y., 1814. HEADSMAN, an executiouer. Hearts of hare, timid, fearful; cowardly. HEATH, a plain covered with heath, or any shrub. HEATHER (hether), the Scotch term for heath, a common shrub in Great Britain, used for brooms, thatch, and beds for the poor. Its leaves are green during the whole year, and it bears a beautiful blue flower. HEIR-LOOM (heir, and Sax. loma, utensils, vessels, &c.), any furniture which descends to the heir. i HELL, the pit. HELLAS, a name first applied to a city and region of Thessaly, but finally to the whole of Greece. HELM, the instrument by which a ship is steered. HEMANS, FELICIA D., a charming English poetess, who died in 1835, aged 41. HENRY OF NAVARRE, Henry IV., the most popular of the French kings, born in 1553, and educated in the Protestant faith. During the horrid massacre of St. Bartho lomew, Henry, being in the power of the reigning king, Charles IX., saved his life by professing Catholicism. In 1576 he escaped from Paris and rejoined the Protestants, distinguishing himself in arms. In 1589, he succeeded to the throne of France. Finding that with his religious views a quiet reign was impossible, he embraced the Catholic faith before his coronation. By the edict of Nantes, he secured religious freedom and political safety to his Protestant subjects. He was stabbed by a religious fanatic in 1610. HENRY, PATRICK, first governor of Virginia; a popular orator of the Revolution. HERCULEAN, vigorous; powerful. HERCULES. See Lesson CXXV. HERODOTUS, called by some the father of profane history, was born at Halicarnassus B. C. 484. His history consists of nine books, which bear the names of the nine Muses. Not HERSCHEL, WM., SIR, a distinguished astronomer, born at Hanover, 1738. He removed to England, and in 1781 discovered a new planet, which he named the Georgium Sidus, but which has since been called Uranus and Herschel. being able to purchase the necessary telescopes for astronomical purposes, he constructed them himself. Almost every year added to his discoveries, and he continued his observation of the heavenly bodies till within a few years of his death, in 1822. HEXAMETER, a poetic verse of six feet. HIE, to hasten; to move on. HIERARCH (hile-rärk), a spiritual teacher; the head of a religious order. HIGHLANDS, the north and north-west part of Scotland, a natural division made by the Grampian Hills. The Lowlands occupy the southern portion. High Mass, the grandest and most solemn service of the Roman Catholic Church, performed, before the high altar on Sundays, feast days, and great occasions. HILL, SIR JOHN, a miscellaneous writer. Born 1716. HILLHOUSE. JAMES A., born at New Haven, Conn., 1789. The war of 1812 interrupting his plans for a mercantile life, he employed his leisure in several dramatic compositions. In 1839. he published a revised edition of his works. His death took place in 1841. Hireling chivalry, mercenary; a term of reproach for those knights who fought for wages. Historian of the Empire, Edward Gibbon. HOB-A-NOB, to invite familiarly to reciprocal drinking. HOBART TOWN, capital of Van Diễman's Land. Founded 1804. HOBBY, a favorite object or pursuit. HOFFMAN, CHARLES F., author of several volumes of prose and poetry. Holy week, the week before Easter, in which the passion of our Saviour is commemorated. HOMER. a celebrated Greek poet of whose life little is known that can be relied on." Seven cities claim, each, the honor of being his birth-place. Before the Christian era, he was regarded as a divinity, and statues and temples were erected in his honor. HOOD, THOMAS, born in London, 1798. He was educated for the counting-house, but afterward made literature his profession. His first appearance was as a comic poet, and the most original feature of his writings is his use of puns. The well-known "Song of the Shirt." was written shortly before his death, in 1845. HOODWINKED, blinded by covering the eyes. HORACE, a Roman poet, friend of Virgil. His writings have always been admired and studied for the purity and simplicity of their style. Died B. c. 8. HOREB, MT., a famous mountain of Arabia Petrea (or rocky), in the peninsula of Sinai. HORIZON, the circular line that bounds the sight, where the earth and sky appear to meet. HOST, in the Roman Catholic Church, the consecrated wafer transubstantiated into the body of Christ. HOSTAGE, one given to a foe as a pledge for the performance of some agreement. Hotel des Invalides, a hospital or asylum for old soldiers; one of the most magnificent buildings in Paris. Within it is a church containing the tombs of Napoleon, Turenne, and Vauban. It is capable of receiving 5000 pensioners. House of Bourbon, the family which for so long a time governed France. It was founded by Robert the Strong, duke of Neustria, who fell in battle with the Normans, in 866. House of Burgesses. The representatives in the popular branch of the legislature of Virginia were once called burgesses. House of Commons, in England, the lower house of Parliament, consisting of the representatives of cities, boroughs, and counties, chosen by men possessed of the property or qualifications required by law. Hove to. A ship is home to when her head is turned to the wind, and her motion thus stopped. HOWARD, JOHN, the philanthropist, who spent his life in works of benevolence, was born at Hackay, England, 1726. He visited all the public prisons of Great Britain, France, Switzerland. and Germany, for the purpose of ameliorating the sufferings of the prisoners. He then under took a journey through those countries of Europe ravaged by the plague, to ascertain the causes and proper means of cure: visiting the lazarettos or hospitals for those afflicted with contagious disorders. He died of a malignant fever at Kherson, on the Black Sea, in 1790. HOWITT, WILLIAM, a native of Derbyshire, England; a most industrious miscellane ous writer. HUGH MILLER, the distinguished geologist, born in Cromarty, Scotland; author of the "Old Red Sandstone," &c. HULLING, piercing the ship's side with cannon balls. HUMBOLT, ALEXANDER VON, was born in Ber lin, September 14, 1769. In order to understand the formation of the earth, be early formed the design-which he afterwards accomplished-of exploring different countries. He is the greatest living scholar, first in all branches of science. Though at an advanced age, he still continues his literary labors with unabated zeal. HUME. DAVID, born at Edinburgh, in 1711, a celebrated historian, philosopher, and miscellaneous writer. HUMID, watery; damp; moist. Hydras and Chimeras. In fabulous history the Hydra was a huge serpent having many heads, one of which being cut off, two came out in its place. It was destroyed by Hercules. The Chimera was a fabulous monster whose fore parts were those of a lion, the middle of a goat, and the hinder of a dragon, and which vomited fire. HYPERIDES, a contemporary with Demosthenes. He was a man of great energy; of incorruptible integrity; and, after Demosthenes and Eschines, the greatest of Athenian orators. His devotion to the liberties of his country, and his opposition to the Macedonians, finally cost him his life. He was barbarously murdered by Antipater, B. c. 322. ICARIAN fall, from Icarus, who, with his father, fled with wings from Crete, to escape the resentment of Minos the king. His flight being too high, proved fatal to him; for the sun melted the wax that cemented his wings, and he fell into that part of the Egean Sea which was called after his name. ICONOCLASM, the act of destroying or breaking images, as of idolaters. IDEAL, imaginary; existing only in the mind; a visionary picture of perfection. IDENTIFY (L. idem, the same, and facio, to make), to make to be the same; to unite so as to make one interest or purpose. IDENTITY, unity; sameness, as distinguished from similitude and diversity. IDIOSYNOCRASY, peculiarity of constitution. IGNIS FATUUS, à light that appears in the night over marshy grounds; supposed to be occasioned by the decomposition of animal or vegetable substances, or by some inflammable gas; vulgarly called, "Will-with-the-wisp," and "Jack-with-a lantern." ILIAD, the oldest epic poem in existence, commonly attributed to Homer, consisting ILION, the first name of the city of Troy. ILLUSION, deceptive appearance; fallacy; error. Image in the desert, mirage-which see. IMPEACH, to censure; to accuse; to call in IMPERATIVE, authoritative; commanding. IMPERTURBABLE, that cannot be disturbed or IMPERVIOUS, not to be passed through; impenetrable. IMPETUOUS, vehement of mind; passionate; IMPLICATE, to ensnare or entangle; to involve. IMPOTENT, powerless; weak; feeble. IMPRESSED, Compelled to enter into a foreign IMPUNITY. exemption from penalty. In a trice, in a very short time. INCIDENT. event; casualty; INCOGNITO, so as to be unknown; in dis- INCOMPATIBLE. inconsistent; that cannot INCONSISTENCY, absurdity in argument or INCORPOREAL not having a material body. INCREATE, not produced by creation, as, God is a being increate. INCREDIBLE, surpassing belief. INCULCATE (L. inculco, to tread in), to teach and enforce, by frequent repetitions. INDEFATIGABLE, not yielding to fatigue; unwearied. In detail, in the different parts; in particu lars. INDIFFERENCE, insensibility; apathy; un concern. INDISCRIMINATELY, vithout distinction; in confusion. INDIVIDUALITY, separate or distinct existence; independence and originality of character. INDOMITABLE. that cannot be subdued; irre- INEFFABLE, unspeakable; unutterable. INEXORABLE, not to be persuaded or moved by entreaty or prayer; unyielding. INFATUATION, extreme folly; a state of mind in which the intellectual powers are weakened. INFERIOR (L. Comp. from inferus. low), lower in excellence: lower in station, age, or rank in life; subordinate, INFINITE (L. in and finitus, terminated), INFINITUDE, infiniteness; infinity. INFLEXIBLY, with a firmness that resists all INGENIOUS, prompt to invent or contrive. INGRATIATING, commending one's self to the favor of another. INGREDIENT (L. ingredius, entering into), that INITIATED, instructed or learned; entered. INSCRUTABLE, that cannot be understood by INSECT (L. insecta, pl. from inseco, to cut in). This name seems to have been originally given to certain small animals, whose bodies appear cut in, or almost divided. In zoology, an articulate animal, divided into three distinct parts-the head, corslet or thorax, and abdomen. The legs, six in number, with usually two or four wings, attached to the thorax; and along the sides of the abdomen minute punctures called spiracles. by means of which respiration takes place. INSIGNIA. badges or marks of honor or office. mean. INSINUATION, a hint; the art or power of INSIPID, dull; spiritless; tasteless. municate di,ine instructions to the mind. INSTALLMENT (Gr. stllo, which means, radi- INSTILLING (L. in and stillo, to drop), com- erringly directed to do spontaneously whatever is necessary for the preservation of the individual or the continuation of the kind. INSTINCTIVELY, without reason, instruction, or experience. INSUBORDINATE. not submitting to authority. INTERROGATORY, a question or inquiry. INTERSECTED, cut or divided into parts; crossed. INTERTROPICAL, situated between the tropics. | INTERVENTION, agency; interposition; mediation. INTESTINE (L. intestinus, from intus, within), internal, with reference to a state or calamity; domestic, not foreign. INTRICACY, the state of having numerous windings and confused involutions which it is hard to follow out. INTRINSIC, true; inherent; genuine; esINTRINSICAL, Isential. INTUITION. immediate perception without the intervention of other ideas, or of reasoning. INTUITIVE, seeing clearly; discovering truth without reasoning." INUTILITY, uselessness. INVECTIVE, something, uttered or written, intended to cast opprobrium, censure, or reproach on another. INVENTION. Invention is the production of that which did not before exist. Discovery brings to light that which existed before, but was not known. INVENTORY, a list of articles or goods. INVETERATE, deep-rooted; long-established. overcome. INVOKE, to call upon with earnestness; to call; to address in prayer. INVOLUNTARILY, without any action of the will. INVOLVE, to include; to entangle. INVOLVING, taking in; enveloping, comprising. INVULNERABLE, that cannot be wounded. Io pran. Io is a Latin exclamation of joy; pean is a song of triumph; hence, an "Io paan" is a joyful song of triumph. IRE, anger; wrath; keen resentment. IRVING, WASHINGTON, born in the city of New York, April 3d. 1783. His works are as familiar to the English reading public as to his own countrymen. In 1826 he visited Spain, and the result was his "History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus." In 1831 the University of Oxford conferred on him the degree of LL. D. In 1842 he was appointed Minister to Spain, where he remained for four years. Since his return he has resided at his own home. "Sunny Side," near Tarrytown, on the banks of the Hudson. Mr. Irving is frequently spoken of as "Geoffrey Crayon" and "Diedrich Knickerbocker"-names made famous by his early works. Isis, one of the chief deities of the Egyptians and the spouse of Osiris. These were the two principal gods. Isis was said to have taught men the art of cultivating corn. The cow was sacred to her. ISOLATED, placed by itself or alone. ISSUE, consequence; event; a sending out. IVEY (ee'vree'), a town of France celebrated for the victory of Henry IV. over Mayenne in 1590. Ivy, a plant which creeps along the ground, or, if it finds support, rises on trees or buildings, climbing to a great height. JASPER, an impure variety of quartz of red and yellow colors. It admits of a high polish, and is used for vases, seals, &c. JEFFERSON, THOMAS, the author of the Deciaration of Independence, born in Virginia in 1743. He became Governor of Virginia in 1779; joined Franklin and Adams in Paris, to negotiate a treaty of peace in 1784; remained in Paris as Minister till 1789; was appointed Secretary of State on his return. After three years of retirement from public life he became VicePresident, and, in 1801, President of the United States. He died at Monticello, July 4th, 1826. JEFFREY, FRANCIS, an eloquent writer and speaker, a good lawyer, and one of the first literary critics of his day. Born at Edinburgh in 1773, where he died in 1850. JEWSBURY. MISS M. J., born in Warwickshire, England. She married the Rev. William Fletcher, and accompanied him on a mission to India, where she died. JOCULARITY, merriment; jesting. JOHNSON, DR. SAMUEL, the celebrated lexicographer and writer, born in 1709, at Lichfield, England. The romance of "Rasselas," one of his most interesting works, was written to defray the expenses of his mother's funeral. It was said of him that he had a greater stock of knowledge ready for all occasions than almost any other man." JOSEPHUS, FLAVIUS, the historian of the Jews, born at Jerusalem in the year 37. He is supposed to have died about the year 95. JOURNEYMAN, any mechanic who is hired to work for another in his employment. JOVE, or JUPITER. See Lesson CXXV. A planet four hundred and ninety millions of miles from the sun, and revolving round it in a little less than twelve years. JOVIAL, merry; jolly. JUDGMATIC, prudent; with forethought: careful. JUGURTHA, a king of Numidia, captured by the Romans. He was led in chains before the car of his conqueror, then thrown into a dungeon, where he was starved to death. JUNCTURE, a point of time rendered important or critical by a concurrence of circumstances. JUNO. See Lesson XCVII. His reign is famous for the collection KEEL, the principal timber in a ship ex- KEN, view; reach of sight. KERN, an Irish foot-soldier; a vagabond. LATTICE, a window of lattice-work. LAVATER, JOHN GASPAR, a famous writer on LAVA-WAVES, a mass of melted minerals or LAVISH, liberal; prodigal. LEA, a meadow or sward land. LEDGE, a ridge; a prominent row. LEE-SHORE, the shore under the lee of a ship, LEGACY, a bequest. KITH, intimate acquaintance and relation- LEGALIZE, to inake lawful. ship. KNOX, JOHN, the famous Scottish reformer, KORAN, the Mohanimedan book of faith. when young, came to the United States, and served as aid-de-camp to Washington during the Revolution. See Lesson CCV. KOTZEBUE, AUGUST VON, born 1761, a German dramatic writer. Ile offended the students of the German Universities by his strictures on their conduct, and was murdered by one of them named Sandt. LABYRINTH, maze. LACERATED, torn; rent. LAIR, a place of rest; the bed of a wild LANDON, ELIZAbeth Letitia, MISS, generally LANDOR, WALTER SAVAGE, author of several LAPSE. a passing or falling. LATANIERS, a small stream in the island LATENT, hid; concealed; secret. | 1 LEGGETT, WILLIAM, a writer on political subjects, born in New York, in 1802. He published also a volume of poems, and another, called "Tales by a Country Schoolmaster." LEGITIMATE, in accordance with law; genuine; real. LEIBNITZ, GODFREY WM, a native of Germany, as remarkable for his industry, as for his wonderful intellect. He was familiar with every department of science, aud famous for his researches in law, history, theology, and mathematics. Died in 1716. LENIENT, Softening; mitigating; assuasive. LENS, in optics, a piece of glass, or other transparent substance, bounded on both sides by polished spherical surfaces, or on the one side by a spherical, and on the other by a plane surface. LEONIDAS, king of Sparta, who maintained the pass of Thermopyla against the army of Xerxes, B. c. 480. LETHARGY, preternatural sleepiness; dullness; inaction. LETHEAN, inducing forgetfulness, or oblivion. LEUCTRA. a small town of Boeotia, famous for LEVIATHAN, a word which, in Hebrew, LIBATION, wine or other liquor poured out LIEGE. a lord or superior; a sovereign. LIGAMENT, in anatomy, a strong compact substance serving to lind one bone to another. |