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1. States, is a non, may now be regarded as the most inte20 marunt ful the autions of the earth. It has fully established stay put, tai man is capable of political self-government, and proven A að ylar æst that the Democrine republican system is best adapted De LOPPRESS H i pecpie, provided that its beneficent principles be exergoed and improving rent and patriotic minds. Originally subject ɔ de crown of Great Betun, den ed representation, goaded by onerous taxana, the reepie i de cacies unitedy protested, petitioned and entreated or sapess, but a van and inay, after having exhausted all gentler me was in aver af ers to ocun lur ustice, resisted the orders of the govern**** demed as a veresitzen to the royal armies. The first JENIS TALK Latvoros, Uta Abri, 1775, in which the American shes und wounded, 4 men, and the British 245 men. Prevus D is wenig 1 2008 presentatives from all the colonies va spek 36. Pri spenna, Ve the muse of protecting their collective Hess, and a the Jet Sepemoer, 1774, elected Peyton Randolph, their Ontae Da June, in the year 1775, the contending parties 22. near Besten, it which encounter the Americans est boð un ne 3esa 24 men. At tus barte, the Americans were led de ape Generu Presevit, und the Brisa by Lord Howe. General he Josezat A he granelu congress of Massachusetts, was 18 24,APHERt, whed he had entered as a volunteer.

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41 40 20 Que 1778, the congress then assembled at PhilaJoypalon, Nad una sed, and to the verd, the DECLARATION OF INDENÚŤ MONOCE Nongng hs iP, is Arture and his sacred honor Vas da ale a eng und bloody struggle that this Geeze Washington was appointed comTRAINEEN, beT the Arcenca vers in 1 s, perhaps, to his virtues, bia ury Nice erbe, 2846 De 1st Stites are indebted for their 1. has been. ust, v regnarked, that “the world never produced but are WĐÒ INI, and certaLy no ecer na his been known to unite Devoted, soul and body, to the cause of be good prices of DIS ONE. ཟླ་ཨིན་ཝཱ de revised &, compensation for his services; endured toil, privation, ginger and one sander; restored the fallen energies of his barefooted and open of sconvented troops; encouraged the desponding; won the disaffected, and with połgment and skill seemingly beyond the lot of man, guided his have any of '-provided and undisciplined men, without the necessary means of war, against a powerful and scientific foe, through a long successton of victories, until the surrender of Cornwallis and the suspension of hostilities which then ensued. This crowning event in the revolution occurred on the 19th of October, 1781, on which occasion 7,073 British soldiers laid down their arms and were made prisoners of war, and the British power was thus finally and effectually crushed.

The era of the Revolution is replete with ideas and actions, that in conception and pursuit will ever present a glowing page in the history of our country. The principles contended for, the indomitable courage and persevering endurance which signalized the progress of the revolt, the success that crowned the patriotic endeavors of the actors in the glorious strife, more than all, the vast importance, not only to America, but to all the of the result of these transactions, will ever be looked upon as the ement of a new phase in national policy, and must, as a matter of mpathetically lead the minds of men, individually and collecthose inquiries which infallibly tend to liberality in governments,

to the social progress of the people, and to a just perception of the beneficent influences of democratic principles, and actions based on popular assent. Awake to the justice and policy of the same ideas and the same principles of action which governed our revolutionary fathers, Europe is now endeavoring to disenthral her destinies, and cast off the despotism and tyranny which, like an incubus, has long disturbed her repose and disabled all her energies; and the people of the United States may, in scanning the mighty upheavings of society in France, Germany, Italy, and even in Eng land herself, now congratulate themselves that their institutions are understood and appreciated, and accept as a tribute highly complimentary to their principles, these manifestations of popular power and of the incipient sovereignty of the people.

The principal battles fought during the Revolution, with the results of each, are shown in the annexed tabular statement :

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This table is, of course, made independent of numerous skirmishes and battles of less importance.

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A definitive treaty of peace was signed, and the independence of the country recognized by England, on the 13th September, 1783, provisional articles having been agreed upon and signed 30th November, 1782. The British eventually evacuated all their strong-holds and sailed from the city of New-York 25th November, 1783, leaving the whole country, east of the Mississippi and south of Canada, in possession of their republican conquerors.

Having established its rank among the nations of the world, the United States experienced great difficulties and party opposition in the formation of a new government. Hitherto it had been ruled by the continental congress at Philadelphia, but the new position of the country claimed for its defence a more intimate union and a more balanced understanding, than the articles of confederation, which yet banded the several states together, could pretend to sustain. It was found necessary to draw closer the ties of relationship, and at length, on the second Monday in May, 1787, a convention, composed of delegates from the several states, assembled in Philadelphia, for the pupose of forming constitution, which should effectually supply the wants of the nation. General Washington was called upon to preside over its deliberations, and on the 17th September a constitution was adopted and sub

mitted to the states, severally, for their decision. It was finally ratified by each, but not without a warm opposition and much delay: Rhode Island prolonged the issue until 29th of May, 1790, and was the last to give its consent. The instrument, however, had been ratified on the 14th July, 1788, and became the fundamental law of all the acceding states.

The progressive increase of the dimensions of this country by conquest and cession, has been rapid. At the termination of the revolution, in 1783, it was confined to the territories east of the Mississippi and south of the Canadas. In 1803, it was augmented, by the purchase from France, of Louisiana, a country now occupied by the thriving States of Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri and Iowa, and several territories, extending over many hundreds of thousands of square miles of the fairest of lands. Florida was purchased of Spain in 1819, and at the same time the Spanish claim to the "Oregon" was transferred to the Republic. In 1845, Texas voluntarily annexed itself to the Union; and by the treaty of 2d February, 1848, on the conclusion of the Mexican war, the extensive territories of New-Mexico and Alta California were ceded by our southern neighbors, and are now a portion of the United States.

The subsequent history of the Union has been as glorious as its inception. In war, the Americans have ever been victorious-in agriculture, manufactures and commerce, industrious and successful-in the arts and learning, pre-eminently advanced-and as a people, they have sustained themselves valiantly against the arts and prejudices of the old-school politicians, thereby fully proving the capacity of man for self-government and the falsity of the "divine right" doctrines of monarchists and despots. Their social position is one to be envied; their homes are replete with all necessaries and every comfort, and the utmost freedom of speech and religion is enjoyed by all. From one end of the country to the other, happiness and content-peace and plenty-and unbounded liberty are depicted in the countenance and bearing of man in every station of life. lionaire and the mechanic have an equal share and are equally potent in framing the laws which assure to them the blessings they enjoy. What a contrast to the pitiful condition of the people of down-trodden Europe, and the despot-swayed hordes of Asia and Africa!

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"I appeal to history," says Philips; "Tell me, thou reverend chronicler of the grave, can all the illusions of ambition realized, can all the wealth of a universal commerce, can all the achievements of successful heroism, or all the establishments of this world's wisdom, secure to empire the permanency of its possessions? Alas! Troy thought so once; yet the land of Priam lives only in song! Thebes thought so once; yet her hundred gates have crumbled, and her very tombs are but as the dust they were vainly intended to commemorate! So thought Palmyra-where is she? So thought the countries of Demosthenes and the Spartan; yet Leonidas is trampled by the timid slave, and Athens, insulted by the servile, mindless and enervate Ottoman! In his hurried march, time has but looked at their imagined immortality; and all its vanities, from the palace to the tomb, have, with their ruins, erased the very impression of his footsteps! The days of their glory are as if they had never been; and the island, that was then a speck, rude and neglected in the barren ocean, now rivals the ubiquity of their commerce, the glory of their arms, the fame of their philosophy, the eloquence of their senate and the inspiration of their bards! Who shall say, then, contemplating the past, that England, proud and potent as she appears, may not, one day, be what Athens is, and the young America soar to be what

Athens was! Who shall say, that when the European co.umn shall have mouldered, and the night of barbarism obscured its very ruins, that mighty continent may not emerge from the horizon, to rule, for its time, sovereign of the ascendant!"

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NEW-ENGLAND is that portion of the United States lying east of the State of New-York, and comprises the several states of Maine, New-Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut. This region is comprised between the latitudes 41° and 47° 20′ north and the longitudes 66° 49′ and 73° 15' west, and is bounded on the north by the British Provinces, on the east by New Brunswick and the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by the Atlantic Ocean and Long Island Sound, and on the west by the State of New-York and Lake Champlain. Within these limits the superficies is about 66,000 square miles.

The surface of New-England is infinitely varied. Mountain ranges, bold spurs and solitary eminences, rising from the moderate elevation of the NewHaven bluffs to the lofty grandeur of Mt. Washington are everywhere dispersed. Beautiful swells of land of every form are innumerable. No valleys of great extent occur, but intervales are ever recurring. Few countries are better watered; rivers, brooks and mill-streams, issuing from the mountains and hill-sides traverse the valleys, or dashing over the precipice glide swiftly towards the ocean, and many of the streams are little more than a succession of cascades. To the mill-power afforded by these New-Eng land owes much of its greatness. Numerous lakes too are found in the landscape, and nothing can be more cheerful than the aspect they impart. Such is the interior. Its coasts are bold and rocky, but everywhere indented with inlets and the mouths of rivers, which afford almost every town lying near the sea the conveniences of commerce. Portsmouth, Boston and Newport harbors are equal to any in the world. With regard to climate and soil the region is unblessed. Extremes press upon extremes, winter upon summer, and in the short space of 24 hours the colds of Lapland and the heats of the tropics may be experienced; and with little exception the lands are sterile and require the persistent toil of man to make them yield their fruits. But with all these drawbacks the New-England farmer is prosperous, and his lands the best cultivated of any in the United States.

New-England, however, is more manufacturing and commercial in its industry than it is agricultural. Here is the great workshop of the Union and the centre of a vast foreign and domestic commerce. Its internal trade and

transportation are equally magnificent. Its railroads interlace in every section and extend beyond the state for hundreds of miles. Few countries of the same extent, indeed, have more energetically sought pre-eminence in useful employments, and none has been more successful in realizing the aims of its ambition.

But the character of the New-Englander is solid, and his endeavors

are guided by principle. Religion and education he fosters as the source of all his welfare in life, and armed with these he fears not whatever may oppose. As a young giant he grapples with his destiny, and in the midst of his toils only looks to the end. It is men with such characters that have developed the resources of the country, and subdued the sterile soils and barren mountains, the rivers, and even the elements, to their will and purpose.

The population of New-England now amounts to 2,727,597, and its distribution to its several constituent states is in the following proportions :

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And its increase from 1790 to 1850 has been as indicated in the annexed

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THE STATE OF MAINE.

MAINE, the north-easternmost of the United States, lies between the latitudes 43° 5′ and 47° 20′ north, and the longitudes 66° 49' and 71° 4' west, and is bounded on the north-west and north by Canada; east by New-Brunswick and the River St. Croix; south by the Atlantic Ocean, and west by the State of New-Hampshire, The boundary on the side of Canada is a conventional line, agreed upon between the British and United States' governments in 1842, and embodied in the Treaty of Washington. The mean length, from north to south, is 235 miles, and the breadth from east to west, 140 miles. The area is variously estimated, at from 30 to 32,628 square miles, or 20,881,920 acres.

The surface of Maine is diversified, and generally uneven, but with few exceptions, cannot be said to be mountainous. In the western part of the state is an irregular chain of hills springing from the White Mountains, which passes north of the sources of the Kennebec and Penobscot rivers, and thence running eastward, terminates in a single peak called Mars Hill, 1,683 feet high. The highest point of land in the state is Mount Katahdin. which rises between the two principal branches of the Penobscot, and has an elevation of 5,300 feet above tide-water. From the chain above alluded to, hills covered with the finest of pine and other timbers, traverse the state in every direction. The intervening valleys have an excellent soil, and af ford the chief arable districts of the country. Within a distance of 15 or

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