40.

Cloth Trade in the 17th century,
13-14, 48.

Coal, attempted combines in 1893,
184; and 1896, 186.

Coal Cartel of 1771, 106-142, 156-
66.

Coal Gild of 1600, 25-8.

Coal Mining in 16th and 17th
centuries, 9-11, 24-8.
Coal Ring in London, 127-132.
Coats, J. P., & Co., 251.
Cockayne, Alderman, and Cloth
Trade, 48.
Combination: ("efficiency"), 208;
(horizontal), 213-15; (vertical),
201-2, 215-19; prolonged ab-
sence of, in England, 171;
(psychological explanation),
175-6, 274; views of English
economists on, 172.

Competition: classical economists
theory of, 97-100; (J. S. Mill's
reservation), 101; foreign, 227,
232, 235, 236, 241-2, 247, 256,
284-91; prevalence in England
to 1850, 102-5, 108; sphere of,
in modern English Industry,

179-207.

Concentration, importance of, to

monopoly, 219-221, 282, 291-5,
306, and passim.

Copper Mining in 18th century,
142-156; combines in, 146-154.
Cotton Spinners' Association, 250.
Distillers' Company, 259.

Freedom of Industry in 18th cen-
tury, 69-71.

Free Mining Districts, 21-22.
Free Trade and Monopoly, 174,

195, 221-2, 235, 307-9, 315.
Freights, slight importance of,
in England, 304; exceptions,
III-12, 223, 252.

Gardiner, Ralph: Pamphlet on
Coal Trade, 63, and passim.
Glass Industry in 17th century,
5, 33, 52.

Handicrafts in 16th and 17th
centuries, 12-13.

Imperial Tobacco Company, 267-9.
Industrial Spirit combine, 233-36.
International combines, 260-271;
(rails), 260-3; (soda), 263;
(tobacco), 264-70.

Limitation of Vend, 109-129.
Locomotive Company (N. British),
255.

333

Lydsey, Mr., and the Wire Mono-

poly, 40-1.

Mansell, Sir R., and the Glass
Monopoly, 5, 33, 58.
Mines, Royal, 21.

Mining, vide Coal, Copper, Tin.
Monopolist Organisation

in
modern English industry, 208-
316, passim; centrifugal ten-
dencies in, 272-9; comparison
with foreign developments,
284-99; examples of, 221-271;
limitations of, 305; over-capital-
isation in, 279-83; problems of,
272-83; views of political
parties, ordinary Englishmen,
etc., on, 314-15.
Monopoly in England in the

17th century, 44-71; (effects,
44-60; fall of, 61-71); compared
with modern combines, 313;
(cf. also under Alum, Coal,
Glass, Salt, Soap, Starch, Pin,
Tin and Wire Industries or
Monopolies.)

Monopoly in Germany after 1700,
73-96; china and porcelain,
83; cloth (calico), 88-9; cutlery
(Solingen), 85; mining, 75-8;
smelting, 79-81; wire (Altena
and Iserlohn), 86-7.

Paper Trade, 194, 209-10.
Pewterers' Company and Tin
Mining, 29.

Pin Monopoly in 17th century,
39-40.

Portland Cement combine, 222-5,

280.

Rails combine, 260.

Royal Prerogative in mining,
23.

Salt combines, 242-6, 280.
Salt Industry in the 17th century,
5, 31.

Salt Union, 243-5.

Sewing Cotton combines, 250-2.
Soap, attempted combine in, 314.
Soap Monopoly in 17th century,
6, 34-7.

Soda combines, 263-4-
Starch Monopoly in 17th century,
56.

Steel Associations, 226-33.

Tariff Reform Commission, on
electrical industry, 238; on
textiles, 246-8; on locomotives,
238-9.

Textiles, 196-8, 246-50.

Tin Mining in 17th century, 7-8,
28-30.

Tin Plates, 204-7, 212.
Tin Plate Bars, 232.
Tobacco combine, 264-70, 282.
Trust Organizers, 278.

United Alkali Company, 268.

Wall Paper combine, 236.
Whiskey combine, 259-60.
Wire Industry in 17th century,
6, 40.