Metayer, 89, 203, 239, 303.

Methods: of Political Economy, 18-20;
of estimating growth of Capital,
213-216.

Middle Ages: people governed by cus-
tom, 269; effects of primogeniture
modified by custom, 294; exclusive-
ness of towns, 295; Christian Social-
ism, 430.

Migration, effects of its abandonment
in Russia, 276.

Military tenures, 291–295.

Mill, J. S. what is wealth, 5, 6;
value, 8, 10, 17; liberty, 24, 25;
economic utility, 29, 51; measure
of value, 60; labour as measuring
utility, 61; Nature's part in produc-
tion, 67, 77; Capital productive, 89,
90, 91, 95, 96-97; four propositions
on Capital, 98-103, 100 N, 104, 122 N,
140-141, 142, 151, 152 N, 154, 158, 160,
164, 169, 170; dread of population,
180, 187, 188, 197; security, 203, 205,
207 N, 220-222, 223–226, 229–231, 235,
238, 239; on inheritance, 250; bequest,
251, 252, 255; property in land, 256-
259; prescription, 265; competition
and custom, 269, 270; wages fund
theory, 332, 339-341, 344, 346, 354,
355; analysis of profits, 388, 389;
minimum interest, 393, 395; security,
397 N; machinery of distribution,
415; effect of his views on distribu-
tion, 428.

Mineral wealth, 66, 71.
Mines, rent of, 410.

Minimum wages, 349 seq.; tendency
of profits to, 389; rate of interest,
393 seq.

Mir, the Russian, 273-279.

Mitchell, Sir A., 39 N, 78 N, 110 N, 178 N.

Moore's Life of Byron, 369 N.
Moral: sciences include Political
Economy, 10; individual or social,
12; ideals not economic laws, 14;
philosophy, relation of, to Political
Economy, 24, 25, 52 N; capital, 38,
39; activities and efficiency of
labour, 80, 81; restraint, 181 seq.;
reflections of Adam Smith, 231, 232.
Morality, productive power, 39; com-
mon sense and sovereignty, 225;
discussions on, 231; v. Bentham's
doctrine of security, 245, 246, 253,
263, 264; development of public, 265.
Morcellement, 142–145.
More, Sir T., 426.
Morgan, Osborne, 308.
Morier, R. B. D., 312 N.
Morley, John, 76.

Mortgages, evils of, 209, 260, 311.
Motive power, economy of, 130.
Motives: economic, 24, 25; which in-
duce people to save, 201 seq. (See
also Self-interest.)
Mountain scenery, access to, 262, 263.
Mulhall, 214.

Muscovite communities, 275 seq.

NASSE, Prof., 281.

Nation, meaning of term, 338, 339.
National: production, natural con-
stituents in, 66, 70 seq.; capital, 93;
whether subject to law of diminish-
ing return or of increasing return,
174; increase of wealth, 213–216; land
the most important item, 404.
Natural: liberty, 16, 232, 233, 387;
theology optimistic, 16, 332; condi-
tions influence system of cultivation,
146; price, 152 N; rate of wages,
333-336.

of distribution, 225.

Mohammedan law, 279.

Mommsen, 82, 209 N.

228.

Navigation, increments of invention
in, 111.

dissolution of the, 374.

Money, 28, 29; measuring growth of
wealth, 199, 212, 213; variations
in purchasing power, 327; factor in
economic progress, 300-305.
Monopoly of regulated companies,
132; of East India Company, 133,
134; post-office, 135, 136, 203; of land,
315, 316; monopoly rent, 409, 410.
Monotony of work, 118-120.
Montfort, Simon de, 114.

(See also Comfort, standard of.)
Negative: utility, 8, 74, 81 (see Disu-
tility); return, 157; interest, 211,
392, 393.
Neighbourhood, employments in same,

355.

Net: advantage, 74; produce, 138-141,

199; wages, 194; advantages of
industrial groups, 354, 355; reward
of labour, 357; interest, 394; rent,

411.

Book I. Ch. XI.; increase of, 152,
160; Mill's dread, 164, 169; Adam
Smith's ideal, 179; restraint of, in
France partly due to limitation of
power of bequest, 187; growth of an
economical objection to the mir, 278;
state socialism and, 434.
Porter, 162 N.

Possession, obligations imposed on,
273.

Post-office saving of time by, 109;

monopoly, 135.

Poverty and over-population, 169;
and declining population, 185; vices
engendered, 190. (See also Poor,
Poor Laws, and Pauperism.)
Power: productive unit of, 172, Book
I. Ch. X. passim, 199, 213, 221; to
save, 199-201; consuming, 213.
Precious metals: barren, 88; national
capital, 96, 419.

Preferential legislation, 204.
Preparation for labour, 76.
Prescription: as a basis of private
property, 247; no prescription in
institutions, 250; what constitutes,

265.

Pressure of population, 194–196.
Pretium affectionis, 259.
Price: as measuring utility, 51 seq.;
does it actually measure utility?
55-60; natural, 152 N; demand ex-
pressed by, 162; the various species
of income, cases of, 229; of labour,
324, 325, 342; and rent, 405, 407, 411;
and manufactures, 405, 406; just,
430.

Prices: general level of, 29, 151, 153,
155; low, and margin of cultivation
in England, 162; course of, exempli-
fies law of diminishing return, 167;
comparison of medieval and modern,
167, 168; course of, and wages, 343,
344; of agricultural products, causes
effecting, 418-420, 423, 423; course
of indeterminate, ib.; general rise in
16th century, ib.; general fall, ib.;
of labour and provisions, 350 seq.
Primitive societies, 34-36.
Primogeniture, 149, 227, 252, 255, 294,
309.

Produce gross and net, 138-141; dif-
ferent kinds of, 139; influences sys-
tem of cultivation, 146, 147; annual,
151; net, 199; and rent, 315, 405,
410, 415; of labour, 345-347; agri-
cultural, 417 seq.

Produce theory of wages, 345, 346.
Production: labour as prerequisite of
wealth emphasised in, 9, 26, 219;
physical facts important in, 11,
Book I. Ch. II.; act of, when com-
pleted, 37, 219; and consumption, 48–
51; improvements in methods, 69,
152 seq., 155, 156 seq., 170, 172; pro-
duction capital, 88-90, 92; on a large
and on a small scale, 112, 113, 117
seq., Book I. Ch. VIII.; security and
exchange important in, 113; in agri-
culture, Book I. Ch. IX., 157 seq.;
rendered possible by rise in prices,
195; influenced by distribution, 219,
238; organisation for, taken as guid-
ing principle of distribution, 231 seq.,
255; feudal organisation for, 290
seq.; socialist view of existing sys-
tem, 427; state control of, 432 seq.
(See also Cultivation.)

Productive : agents (see Agents);

power, 39; unit of, 172, 199, 213 (see
also Book I. Chs. VII. and X.);
powers, apportionment of, 219; or-
ganisation taken as guiding princi-
ple of distribution, 231 seq., 255;
efficiency of, the end of security,
246.

Productive and unproductive: con-
sumption, 48-51; labour, Book I.
Ch. II. 213.
Productiveness of industry, 171; will
probably increase markedly in agri-
culture, 173, 174.

Profits: influence of rates on size of
farms, 147, 148; origin of, 198; their
relation to real net produce, 199;
price paid for use of capital, 229;
on rate depends supply of Capital,
343, Book II. Ch. XIII.; distinct
from rent, 402, 403; differential, is
rent, 406; exceptional, is rent, 406,
407; effect of application of Capital
beyond marginal limit, 407, 408;
and interest, 408; profit-rent, 410,
415; quasi-rent is profit, 414.
Profit-sharing, 83.

Progress of society: from status to

contract, 38, 230, 300, 325; how ar-
rested, 39; self-interest the main-
spring, 81-86; from inheritance to
bequest, 249; from blood-relation-
ship to individual freedom, 251;
marked by disintegration of family,
ib.; and of village community, e.g.,
in Russia, 277, 278; in England and

India, 285, 289; and of kindred cus-
toms, 289; money the chief factor
in, 300-305, 433; marked also by dif-
ferentiation of tenure and ownership
of land, 312, 313; competition the
great agency of, 429-434; socialists
would reverse this, 433.
Property and economic utility, 26, 27.
Property, private: relationship of po-
litical economy to, 14; viewed from
economic standpoint, 24; appropri-
ation a conception not limited to,
27; assumptions of recent writers
regarding, 229; logically a condition
precedent to exchange, 230; politi-
cal economy and, 233, Book II. Ch.
II.; inheritance not a part of the
idea, 250; is freedom of bequest
essential to the idea? 253; in land,
256 seq.; cases in which it should be
restricted, 262-264; absence or modifi-
cation of, 271; right of limited under
feudalism, 272, 273; way opened for
its acquisition in Russia, 277; will
displace the village community in
Russia, 278, 279; state socialists
would nationalise instruments of
production, 427 seq.

Proprietor of land, is he necessarily
the improver, 257, 258. (See also
Landlord.)

Protection: English system, 99; to
native industries in middle ages,
114-116; of the weak, and custom,
270.

Prussia, agrarian legislation, 312.
Psychology, 10, 12.

Public interest, promotion of, 856.
Purchasing power of money, 167, 168,
215, 216, 327, 419.

QUALITY: of wine and law of dimin-
ishing return, 166; of population,
187; of land varies, 405.

Quantity of labour (subjective), 8, 62;
explained, 73-75; causes of varia-
tions in, 75-78, 326, 330, 336; Trade
Unions and, 383.

Quasi-rent use of term misleading,
412; differential profits for a time,
413; conjunctur profits, 414.
Quesnay, 140.

marks on division of wealth into,
174.

Real cost of labour, 328-331, 388, 420.
Real wages, elements of, 326-328, 330,
337, 344, 383.

Reciprocal: demand, 347, 348, 396;
exchange of services of productive
agents, 229.

Regulated companies, 132.
Relative wages, Book II. Ch. XI.
Relief (a feudal payment), 295.
Relief of the poor, see Poor Relief and
Outdoor Relief.

Rent: consumer's, 57-65; gross pro-
duce and, 140; and cost of produc-
tion, 62, 63; in what sense it may
render land inferior, 163; its share
of net produce, 199; price paid for
use of land, 229; produce rents, 302;
labour rents, ib.; under free trade,
314, 315; fair or judicial, 315–318;
labourer's rent, 351; economic rent,
Book II. Ch. XIV.; monopoly rent,
409, 410; quasi-rent, 411-414; Ricar-
do's doctrine not of practical utility,
417; causes which determine fair
rent, 417-423. (See also Land and
Profits.)

Requisites of Production, see Agents.
Revenue capital, 87, 88.
Reward, proportionment of, to work,
239.

Ricardo: standard of value, 60, 62, 92,
152 N, 153 N, 169, 194; on price of
labour, 324, 338, 349 N; theory of
rent, Book II. Ch. XIV. passim, 417,
428.

Richey, 150 N, 312N, 314 N, 319.
Ridgeway, Prof., 28 N, 41 N.
Risk, indemnity for, 388; insurance
against, 389, 393, 395, 396-399.
Rogers, Thorold, 19, 37, 41, 42, 68 N,
116 N, 147, 155, 156, 164, 167, 194, 195,
285 N, 294, 301 N, 303, 327, 331, 364 N,
366, 367, 382.

Roman: self-interest, 82, 83; Empire,
fall of, 239; power of testation, 249;
pater fumilias, 274; in Britain, 286,
287; jurists, 314; slavery, 358; patria
potestas, 359; servile wars, 381.
Roscher, 5 N, 49 N, 50, 185 N, 196 N, 211.
Ross, Walter, 391 N.
Roundsman system, 378.

Rack-rent, 311, 316, 319.

land, 273, 288; not in Russia, 276.
Ruskin, John, 25, 26, 33 N, 118, 119.