Academy, Academic philosophy,
Academic school, 16, 32, 68, 72,
87, 113, 114, 177, 178, 392, 461;
conception of humor in plain
style, 119 ff.; specialized in stock
themes, 54; studies of Horace
and Lucilius in, 66, 67, 114, 171,
175; Panaetius in sympathy with,

72.

Accius, 32, 49, 95, 148; leader of
professional guild of poets, 75,
288, 347; criticised by Lucilius,
148, 336 f., 346 ff., 370, 442, 457;
Cicero on, 49; Horace on, 457;
Didascalica, 148.
Acerbitas, acer, 106, 117.
Achaean league, 69.
Adfabilitas sermonis, 107.
Adversarius, 87, 92, 117, 180, 237,
260, 283, 284, 285, 286, 292, 293,
295, 296, 303, 304, 305, 306, 344,
388; tendency to suppress in
Juvenal and Persius, 87.
Aemilius, 108.

Aemulatio, λos, rivalry, 43. See
also under Imitation.
Aeschines, 48, 49, 462; model for
sermo, 100, 102, 108.
Aeschylus, modernization of, 51;
parodied by Aristophanes, 48.
Aesop, 160, 166, 167.

Afranius, 323, 336, 370; defends
himself against plagiarism, 45;
Lucilius' treatment of, 98. Com-
pitalia, Prol., 45.

Agathias, Pal. Anth., Ch. 16, App.
Planudea, 332, 3-8, characterizes
Aesop's method, 166.
Agrippa, 68.

αἶνος, μῦθος, λόγος, ἀπόλογος, 156,
166 ff.; original character and
purpose of, 166; collections of,
166; use of in Alexandrian era,
167; in early Roman satire, 167;
in Lucilius, 167, 186, 428, 431;
in Horace, 168, 428, 430; influ-
ence of satire upon, 168; metres
of, 167.

Aischion, frg. 2, 224.
αἰσχροκέρδεια, φιλοπλουτία, avarice:
Cynic-Stoic commonplace, 219;

types of, 221 ff.; Lucilius on, 230
ff., 390 ff.; Horace on, especially
in Sat. 1, 1: 219 ff., 387 ff., 444.
Anonymous on, 221, 236, 389;
1. 34, 226; 1. 40, 223; 11. 45 ff.,
224, 233, 234; 11. 54 f., 233 f.;
1. 56, 224; 1. 57, 234; 11. 70 ff.,
225, 227; 1. 72, 221; 1. 73, 234;
11. 90 ff., 301.

ȧkupoλoyia, inaccuracy, 79, 108.
See Plain Style.

ἀλαζονεία, boastfulness, 300; ἀλάζων,
braggart, differentiated from elpwv,
100, 101; types of, 173.
Albinus, 77.

Albucius, Titus, 53, 88, 162, 325,
327, 329; fondness for Greek
terms, 82, 111, 328; style of, 328.
Alcaeus, 42, 176, 439.
Alcinous, 154.
Alcmene, 403.

Alexander the Great, 163, 176, 177.
Alexandria, 32, 34, 163.
Alexandrian age, epyllion in, 41;
fable, 167; mime, 41; myth, 33;
paraphrase, 36.

Alexis, frg. 216 Kock, vol. 2, pp.
376 and 259; frg. 98 Kaibel, 253.
Ambitio, dóza, Bion on, 195; at-
tacked by Horace, 316 ff.
Amplificatio, prolixity, 114 ff; 129.
Anacharsis, 167; definition of To
σπουδαιογέλοιον, 118; χρείαι οι,

160.

Anacreon, 42.

ȧváyvwois, reading, 35 f.; a means of
instruction, 35; importance of, 36.
ἀναίρεσις, 318.
Analogy, 109.

Anthology, erotic themes in, 251 ff.
Antigonus Gonatas, 179, 181, 186,
194, 316.

Antiphanes, 51, 183; οιωνιστής, 51;
frg. 258 Kock vol. 2, pp. 392
and 120, 253.

Antisthenes, 48, 462; model for
sermo, 100; xpeia in, 158 f.;
διατριβή of, 180.

anabela, Stoic apathy, 78.
Apollinaris, on epistula, a form of
satira, 426.

Apollo, 153, 336; library of, 429.
Apollodorus of Pergamum, advo-
cated theoretical and cultural
study of rhetoric, 77; réx, ars,
77.

Apollonius of Rhodes, 44.
ἀπολόγος, 166. See alvos.
άтоμημоνεμаra, memoirs, 81; rise

of, 52; definition, 156 ff.; distin-
guished from ὑπομνήματα, 157;
methods of, 53; influence on Latin
satire, 52; on Lucilius, 156 f.; on
Horace, 53, 156 f., 325, 387, 399,
405.
áжо¢éyμата, apothegms, 53; of Cato,
92, 97, 99; in Lucilius, 99; in
Horace, 99. Apothegm. reg. et
duc., p. 183 D, 194.
Appian Way, 64.
Ara Pacis, 241.

Aratus, pavóμeva translated by
Varro Atacinus, 50.
Approbatio aurium, 280.
Apulia, 64.

Archestratus of Gela, apxnyós of
the Epicureans, 398, 410;

Ηδυπάθεια, 398; translated by
Ennius, 398.

Archilochus, 34, 42, 96, 150, 176,
462; invective in, 90; frg. 71, H-B,
462; frg. 86, 166.
Aretalogi, 155.
Aricia, 307.
Aristarchus, 198.
Aristhenes, 184.

Aristippus of Cyrene, 53, 112, 113,

159, 161, 179, 183, 185, 389;
diaтpißh of, 180; hedonism of, 48,
185; influence on Horace, 53,
191, 438.

Aristius Fuscus, 433.
Aristo of Ceos, 53, 223.
Aristo of Chios, 159.
Aristodemus, 156.

Aristophanes, anticipates rò σTOU-
dalovéλolov, 48, 116; literary criti-
cism of, 48; freedom of speech, 116.
Frogs, 1.48, 18; 11.389 ff., 48;
Knights, 11.16 ff., 34; Plutus,
11.302 ff., 48; Wasps, 11.130 and
750, 48.

Aristotle, 16, 72, 116, 146, 159, 190,
195, 202; ethical theories accepted
by Panaetius, 72; on style, 78;
theory of mean developed in
propriety of speech, 85; theory of
satiric humor, 118, 145, 300;
definition of the laughable, 93;

differentiates liberal and illiberal
jest, 118, 287; assault on Bono-
Xoxía, 118, 120, 294; on the satire
of the βωμολόχος, 92, 101, 284 1.,
296, 304; conception of elow and
eipwveía, 100, 101, 300; definition
of, 286, 299, 344; comedy a mirror
for nature, 466; high regard for
mime, 171; influence of mime,
173; xapakтmpioμós in, 186; use of
συμπόσια and δεῖπνα, 162; infuence
in development of epistula, 176 f.;
influence on Panaetius, 90, 92,
280; on Lucilius, 90; on Horace,
91, 92, 248, 280, 287, 378.
Aristoxenus of Tarentum, 163.
Arnold, Roman Stoicism, p. 103,
cited, 73.

Ars, artifex, 446 f.
Artemis, 44.

Arnobius, 335; 2, 6 p. 51, 20, Reiff.
256.

Asellio, Sempronius, imitator of
Polybius, 82; model of plain style,
82.
Asellus, 103.

ἀστεῖοι, ἀστειότης, urbanitas, 122,
124, 144.
ἀταραξία, 387.

Athenaeus, 163, 164, 173, 176, 179,
254, 398, 399.

Athens, 32, 43, 66, 77, 86, 114, 151,

163, 178, 179, 195.

Attica, standard of humor in, 122.
Atticists, 80, 106, 116, 124 ff., 289,
340 f.; linguistic studies of, 124;
formulated and developed rheto-
ric, 16, 80; modified and reinter-
preted ideals of Diogenes and
Panaetius, 76; rhetorical theories
and influence on the sermo, 278,
337 f., 451, 468; more exacting
standards of plain style, 18, 116,
124 ff.; Horace follows, 18, 349.
Atticus, 80, 102.

'ATTIKLOμós, urbanitas, 122, 125.
Auctor ad Herennium, 1, 14, 24:
95; 2, 13, 19: 95, 370; 3, 13, 23:
114, 119, 291; 3, 13, 24: 114; 4,
2: 37; 4, 8, 11: 114; 4, 54, 67: 178.
Augustan Age, 1, 30, 186, 202, 203,
274, 462; disinclination to epic,
41; imitation in, 25 ff.; invective
in, 198; legal restrictions on
freedom of speech, 370 ff.; atti-
tude on study of rhetoric, 32;
importance of rhetorical theories
in, 131; regard for perfection of

style, 8 ff.; exacting standards of,
106, 121, 132, 141; urbanitas of,
18, 66, 98, 117, 125, 369; purists
of, 337 f.; literary criticism of,
278 ff.; relation of Horace to, 20,
21, 39, 427, 445.

Augustus, 68, 241, 372, 433; de-
velops circle of Maecenas into
political press bureau, 75; Horace
urged to sing exploits of, 375 ff.;
epistles to, 440 ff.; humanitas of,
73; peaceful mission of, 74.
abтáρKELα, developed in Horace,

Sat. 1, 1: 224 f.; ἀρκεῖσθαι τοῖς
παροῦσιν, 224; ἀπάρκευμαι, 235;
тà ȧρкоûνта, quod satis est, 225,
235.

ἀυτοκάβδαλος, applied to Lucilius by
Marx, 146.
Avienus, 50.

Babbitt, New Laocoon, 205; Rous-

seau and Romanticism.

Babrius, 166.

476 ff.

Bacchylides, frg. 14, 1: 32.

βαρβαρισμός, 79, 108.

Batrachomyomachia, 48.
Bergson, quoted on art, 206.
Bestius, 435, 436.

Bion of Borysthenes, life, 178 f.;
humble origin, 181, 194, 316; rela-
tions with Antigonus Gonatas,
179, 181, 186, 194, 316; letter to
Antigonus Gonatas forms text for
Horace, Sat. 1, 6, 316; philosophy
of, 178, 185; religious scepticism
of, 179; great representative of
τὸ σπουδαιογέλοιον, 189, 228, 298,
diaтρißh of, 118, 146, 179 ff.; in-
fluence of comedy and mime
upon, 184, 189 ff., 220; common-
place in, 186 ff., 192, 193 ff.,
199 ff.; doctrine of ἀρκεῖσθαι τοῖς
τapovσш, 190, 224 f.; attitude
towards dota, 316; on friendship,
195 ff.; criticised by Plutarch,
197; influence on Lucilius and
Horace, 144 ff., 156, 178, 180 ff.,
228, 380, 389. Frgg. quoted by
Teles, 192, 200, 220, 221, 222,
225, 317, 326.

Birrus, 291.
βιωφελής, 169.
Blossius, 74.

Brundisium, 48, 88, 158.
Brutus, 67, 116, 325, 327, 337, 340;
formulated and developed rheto-
ric, 16.

Bryson, elder, diarpißal of, 180.
Buecheler, on Horace Epp. 1, 1, 53:
428; C L E 361, 170.
Bullatius, 433.
Byzantine

empire,

traditional

canons of classics in, 36.
Bwμoloxía, scurrility, 90, 92, 119 ff.,
296; defined by Aristotle, 95,
101; distinguished from EUтρа-
Teλía, 118; attacked by Aristotle,
294; confounded with true comic
spirit in Lucilius and Old Com-
edy, 297 f.; Lucilius resents
charge of, 284, 293; Lucilius on,
296; Horace on, 296; recognized
by later Greek aesthetic criti-
cism, 295. βωμολόχος, 284 ff.,
305; defined, 92, 101, 294; de-
scribed, 296, 304.

Cacosyntheton, 110, 131.
Caecilius, 151, 172, 183; Hymnis,
465.

Caelius, 95, 291.

Caesar, Gaius Julius, collection of
witty sayings, 52, 53, 160; epi-
gram on Terence, 83; purist, 80,
340. Iter, 307.

Callimachus, influence of tradition
upon, 41; influence of Demetrius
of Phalerum, 167; model for
Propertius, 42; translated by
Catullus, 50.

Calvus, typical representative of
plain style, 116, 338, 340.
Camenae, temple of, 288. See Muses.
Canidia, 414.
Caprius, 292.

Capua, 64, 65, 172, 308, 315.
Carneades, 66, 68, 77; scepticism of
accepted by Panaetius, 72.
Cassius (Etruscus), 128, 337.
Cassius Longinus, L., Ravilla, 292,
293, 305.

Cassius Severus, 372.
Catia, 271.

Catius, 53, 158, 399.

Cato Maior, 253, 436; apothegms of,
52 f., 92, 97, 160, 257; xpela of,
160; influence on Lucilian and
Horatian satire, 99.

Cato Uticensis, Caesar's attack
upon, 401; facete dicta of, 160.
Cato, Valerius, 338, 340, 349; circle
of, 199; advocated revival of
Lucilian genre, 369; de Lucilio,
345.

Catuli, models for sermo, 85.
Cavillatio, Cicero distinguishes from
dicacitas, 119.

Cellini, Benvenuto, 182.

Celsus Albinovanus, 45, 429, 432.
Cenae. See deînvа.

Cercidas of Megalopolis, 251, 264,
268, 271. Col. 5 (Grenfell-Hunt,
p. 33), 252.

xaрaкτηρioμós, defined, 186; of Cy-
nics, 299; of satire and New
Comedy, 277; of Horace, 299.
χάρις, 119, χαρίεντες, 144.
Charisius, definition and classifica-

tion of xpeía (Keil, Gram. Lat. 6,
p. 273; cf. p. 251) 158, 162.
Charmadas, 123.

Chaucer, modernization of, 51.
Chénier, André, L'Invention (2, 190)

quoted, 16; on relation of inven-
tion to imitation, 16, 207.
Chirius Fortunatianus, C., quotes
Lucilius, 1.1167, 131.

Xpela, definition, illustration and

classification of, 53, 158 ff.; collec-
tions of, 159 ff., 299; purpose of,
159, 299; influence on Lucilius,
99, 156, 160 f.; on Horace, 99,
156, 160, 389.
Chremonides, 186.

Chrysippus, 86, 100, 154, 398, 401.
Cicero, creative artist and literary
critic, 202; exponent of critical
theories for the Augustan age, 30;
first discriminating literary critic
of the Latin race, 49; formulated
and developed rhetoric, 16, 80;
modified and reinterpreted gram-
matical and rhetorical ideals of
Diogenes and Panaetius, 18, 76,
127, 468; paraphrased Panaetius
περὶ τοῦ καθήκοντος in the de officiis,
72; summary of Panaetius' theory
of the form, content and tone of
the sermo in de officiis, book 1,
18, 85 ff.; on plain style, 85 ff.,
337, 451; qualities of, 106, 107;
on Plato, master of plain style,
97; recognizes doctrine of nuan-
ces within plain style, 123;
translates Panaetius' theory of
satiric humor, 91, 99, 118, 337;
analysis of τὸ σπουδαιογέλοιον
from Panaetius and formulation

of types, 300, 344; discussion
of the origin and nature of the
laughable, 93, 102 f.; on play and
jest, 91; formulation of the
liberal jest, 295; examples of,
91 f.; discusses in de oratore the
six types of wit derived from the
substance of the thought, 101;
wit versus invective, 119; defini-
tion of invective, 90; description
of illiberal jest 93, 287, 295;
limited function of humor, 120,
284; of the humor of the mime,
93 ff., 174; of Socrates the typi-
cal, elpwv, 101; of Scipio's Socratic
irony, 102; rhetorical application
of irony to plain style, 126; theory
of the relation of the liberal jest
to plain style 180; discussion
of fault-finding and the censure
of the absent, 283; of the satire
upon friends, 121 f.; characteriza-
tion of Horatian type of humor
in distinction from Lucilian,
119 ff.; rhetorical treatises and
theories of diction, 18, 38, 127,
466; on use of stock themes, 54;
on paraphrase, 37; on translation,
49; on choice of words, 450 ff.; on
σύνθεσις ὀνομάτων, 131; on impor
tance of sound Latinity, 453; use
of Greek in Cicero's letters com-
pared with that of Lucilius, 111,
339; theory of ornate dicere, 451;
conception of ideal orator, 30, n.
8; description of tenuis orator,
129, 342, 451; belief in divine in-
spiration of poets, 31; on the
nature of prose rhythms, 290; on
the right of New Comedy to pass
as poetry, 289; on the style of
Rutilius Rufus, 81; of Terence,
83; influence of Cicero's rhetori-
cal works on the sermo, 278; great
mediating agency between Lucil-
ius and Horace, 18; influence of
Orator and de oratore on the Ars
Poetica of Horace, 447, 451;
philosophical works popularized
Epicurean commonplace, 380; ex-
amples, 380; mediator between
Horace and the Epicureans, 380.
Acad. 2, 5, 15: 101; 2, 32, 102: 114;
2, 102: 66; 10, 49; ad Att. 13, 614:
178; 16, 11, 4: 72 n. 29; ad fam.
9, 15, 2: 106; 9, 24, 3: 162; ad
Q. fr. 3, 1, 19: 97; Brut. 77 f., 78;
84, 74; 89, 81; 94, 80; 97, 292;

113 ff., 81 (n. 51); 132, 86; 258,
80; 292, 102; de div. 1, 80, 31;
de fin. 2, 90, 380; 3, 4, 15: 49;
4, 27, 79: 72 (n. 27); de nat. deor.
1, 93, 175; de off. 1, 51, 112; 101-
104, 94, 96, 134, 280, 284, 295,
344; 108 f., 101, 300; 111: 130,
339; 132: 100, 107; 135: 88, 89;
136, 115; 148: 85, 113; de opt.
gen. dic. 14, 49; de or. 1, 20, 109;
72, 109; 93, 123; 142,464; 155,
49; 217 ff., 102, 119; 235 ff., 93,
247; 236, 119, 295; 237, 122;
242, 93; 244, 247, 120; 253,
102; 264 ff., 101; 277, 103; 328,
162; 3, 54, 109; 107, 54; 149 ff.,
451; 152 ff., 451, 453, 454; 170,
453, 454; de part. or., 447; de rep.
178; Lael. 86, 380.
Cichorius, Untersuchungen zu Lucil-
ius, importance of, 9 ff., 143; on
citizenship of Lucilius, 372; on
estates of, 321, 340; on military
service of, 67; on identity of M.
Iunius Congus, 82; comparison of
Lucilius' εισαγωγή to Congus and
Horace's Ars Poetica, 89, 446; on
Lucilian fragments, 102, 152, 194,
245, 256, 260, 264, 271, 272, 288,
292, 312, 318, 323, 327 f., 335,
347, 371, 375, 376, 383, 459, 465.
Cicirrus, 172.

Cicuta, 392.

Cinna, Helvius, 338, 340; Propempti-
con, 307.

Claritas, 85.

Claudius, Seneca's satire on death
of, 118.

Cleanthes, 152, 159.
Clement VII, 182.

Cleobulus, μέτρον ἄριστον, 228.
Clitomachus, 66, 114, 174.
Coislinian treatise, περὶ κωμῳδίας; on
the three fundamental types of
comedy, 100; recognizes Bwuo-
Moxía, 295; points of analogy with
Horace, Sat. 1, 4, 39-62: 287.
Collegium poetarum, guild of poets,
32; formed in days of Lucilius,
75; Lucilius and Horace indif-
ferent to, 75, 288, 337, 346, 366,
439. E. G. Sihler on Collegium
poetarum, 347.

Collocatio, σύνθεσις ὀνομάτων, 124,
principles of discussed by Horace,
A. P. 46 ff., 454.

Comedy, relation to tradition, 34 f.;
to plain style, 47; function of to

mirror daily life, 34, 174; fun-
damental types in Aristotle, 101;
in Coislinian treatise, 100.

Old, classed with grand style,
117, 344; qualities of akin to
both grand and plain, 97; humor
of, 93 ff.; reforming spirit of, 93,
96, 291, 293; Bwμoλoxía of, 294ff.;
condemned by Aristotle, 96,
284, 294 f., 344; cited in later
period as type of liberal jest, 92,
96, 281, 291, 344; precursor of
τὸ σπουδαιογέλοιον, 96 f.; influence
on Roman satire, 99; on Lucilius
93, 96, 109, 281, 291, 325, 369;
ȧyŵves of, 325; parody in, 48;
Tаррnoia of, 297; swashbuckling
spirit of, 280, trochaic tetrameter
in, 150.

New, influences leading to
development of, 34; a mirror for
daily life, 34, 189, 287, 305, 466;
relation to tradition, 40; improve-
ment in, 40; modernization in,
51; conception of elpwr and
eipwveia, 100; subtle and re-
strained humor of, 282; careful
delineation of types, 299; relation
to Theophrastus, 173 f.; xapaкṬη-
plouós, 186; furnished examples
for the diaтpißh, 393; denied
right to pass as poetry, 289;
classed with plain style, 99, 105,
130, 345; relation to satire, 56,
189, 277, 287; erotic theories and
influence on Lucilius, 150 f., 272;
on Horace, 251 ff.; common-
places of, 222, 405; trochaic
tetrameter in, 150. Comédie
humaine, 173, 242, 276. Comedy of
manners, 35; Atellana, 99, 173,
184, 201; Palliata, 50, 465.
Comitas, geniality, 107.
Commiseratio, 110.
Commonplace, TÓTоι Kool, loci com-
munes, 39, 47, 52 ff.; origin of, 52;
approved by ancient rhetoricians,
52; rhetorical theory of, 53; rela-
tion to creative literature, 54 ff.;
anthologies of, 52; types of, 52;
varieties of, 52 f.; influence of
mime and New Comedy, 56;
abundant in satire, 52, 55 ff.;
conventional themes, 55 ff.;
developed
by Lucilius and
Horace, 199. See also under
Bion, Cynics, Epicureans,