GERMAN POPULATION.

The German element of the federal population is approximated in some tables given by the New York Herald, based upon the official reports of numbers annually arrived, and estimating their increase at 14 per cent per annum up to the date of the census of 1850. The results are as in the following tables. The result shows what is called the German "element" as being 30 per cent of the whole white population. This is assuming that all the Germans have intermarried, and that their progeny retains its German affinities. This is, however, far from being the case. The number of persons in the United States at the date of the census, born in Germany, was 1,242,082, or rather less than 30 per cent of those given above as "Germans." Inasmuch as that the increase of most branches of the European families is about in the same ratio, the German element must remain in the proportion of their arrivals, which is about one-half the number of those who arrived from the United Kingdom. The population of Germans to those who were native in 1820, and the arrivals from other countries is only one-eleventh. The increase of Germans and natives of other nations cannot be defined unless the intermarriages are known. The tables are, nevertheless, useful.

SYNOPTIC TABLE, SHOWING THE PERCENTAGE AND THE NUMBER OF THE GERMAN POPU LATION IN THE UNITED STATES IN 1850.

STATISTICAL TABLE, SHOWING THE PERCENTAGE OF THE GERMAN POPULATION IN DIFFERENT POLITICAL RELATIONS.

STATISTICAL TABLE, SHOWING THE GERMAN AND IRISH IMMIGRATION IN THE DECENNIUM

5,820.007

1,360,679 15 43

ESTIMATE OF THE NUMBER OF GERMAN POPULATION IN THE YEAR 1860.

German population in 1850....

5,688,620

Natural increase by the surplus of births, 1 per cent per annum*.
Increase by immigration since 1850...

853,290

799,844

Increase of the immigration in ten years, at 1 per cent per annumt..

119,970

Total of Germans in 1860.....

7,461,724

ESTIMATE OF THE TOTAL POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES IN 1860.

Total population 1850....

23,191,876

Natural increase by the surplus of births, 1 per cent per annum..
Increase by immigration during the last decennium....

3,378,681

2,456,540

Increase of immigration at 14 per cent per annum.

368,480

Probable total population in 1860...

29,395,577

The German population amounts in 1860 to nearly twenty-five per cent of the total population of the United States, and to 27 per cent of the total representative population.

TABLE SHOWING THE INCREASE OF POPULATION IN SEVERAL STATES AFTER THE YEAR OF THE LAST CENSUS OF 1850, TO SERVE FOR THE APPROXIMATIVE COMPUTATION OF THE ESTIMATES FOR 1860.

* The increase by the surplus of births is estimated at 15 per cent in ten years, according to censuses in Germany, which show in Prussia, Saxony, Bavaria, and Wurtemberg an increase from 15 to 17 per cent in a decennium.

The increase of immigration by the surplus of births is estimated twice as high as the regular increase of settled population, because the immigrants are, in the great average, men and women in the prime of age.

The percentage given here is not the progressive percentage, but only the percentage of the population of 1850.

POPULATION OF SOME OF THE PRINCIPAL CITIES AND PERCENTAGE OF THEIR GERMAN POP

THE FOLLOWING TABLE SHOWS THE INCREASE OF THE POPULATION OF THE CITY OF NEW

In our estimate we calculated the increase only to 5 per cent per annum0.69 per cent less than the average of 60 years.

The number of the population of Philadelphia was increased in an extraordinary manner by the consolidation of the city and county into one great city, June, 1854. By the same act the percentage of German population was considerably augmented by the incorporation of Germantown, Frankfort, and other boroughs.

ROXBURY AND ITS POPULATION.

The following table shows the decennial increase of population in Roxbury since 1830:

1830. 5,247

1840.
9,089

1850. 18,316

1860. 36,000

This includes the population of West Roxbury. The table shows a popula tion doubling every ten years, and increasing 30,000 in thirty years, against an increase of only 3,021 in the preceding forty years.

POPULATION AND AREA OF THE STATES OF MEXICO.

The anti-commercial turbulance of our neighbors continues in a manner that must bring regret to the minds of all reasonable people, and prevent much extension of the natural resources. The following are the States of Mexico, with the population of each, and the area in English square miles :-

A cotemporary states that the average length of life in this country is diminishing at an alarming rate, it having sunk in the three principal cities as follows:-

According to the official statistics received from the East, the population of Java and Madura amounts to 20,331 Europeans, 138,356 Chinese, 24,615 Arabians and other foreign Orientals, 11,405,596 free natives, and 5,260 native serfs, making together a total of 11,594,158. The increase of the year was 303,708, being something under 3 per cent. The number of native chieftains or princes is 106,105, and that of the native priests is stated to be 56,993. The population of the other Dutch possessions in the Eastern Archipelago is 5,477,540, making a grand total of more than 17,000,000 under Dutch laws and under the Dutch flag.

ENLARGEMENT OF PARIS.

On the morning of January 1st, 1860, the whole circumference of Paris stepped out a mile, and drew within its embrace three hundred thousand new inhabitants. Paris now contains a population of a million and a half. When completed, the new city will be thirty miles in circumference, with ninety-two gates. The old control wall is to be converted into a boulevard, and planted with trees, and will constitute the largest street in the world.

MERCANTILE MISCELLANIES.

A VOYAGE DOWN THE AMOOR.

RUSSIAN MERCANTILE HOSPITALITY.

Though the wine continued to flow, says a recent traveler, I really hoped that the dinner was over. I could not now see much room for its continuance, and I was sure there could not be much more room within the company. Finally, the Golovah rose, and the dinner ended, and with it, as I supposed, the drinking also; but I was mistaken. We adjourned to the coffee-room, where tea and coffee were both served; the tea really delicious, the purest herb of China. I drank very freely of it, for I hoped it would counteract the effects of the wine. As soon as politeness would seem to justify, we rose to depart. In the meantime, the dining-room had been cleared of every vestige of the dinner, tables and all, and was now occupied by groups in animated conversation.

As soon as we entered the apartment, servants, bearing trays loaded with glasses, foaming with champagne, approached, and the Golovah pressed us to take the parting glass. This it was idle to refuse, so we drank, as we supposed, for the last time. Presently I noticed a pretty dense circle encompassing PEYTON, and in an instant he was seized by half a dozen stout, jolly merchants, and tossed up in the direction of the ceiling. Fortunately it was not a very low one, or else he must have gone through the roof. Down he came, however, into the hands of his tormentors, who sent him up again, if anything higher than ever, the most uproarious mirth and laughter prevailing. My companion was not a small man, or a light one, but he was no more than a feather in the hands of these portly Siberians.

This sport is called in Russian podkeedovate, or tossing up, and is considered a mark of great respect. Gen. MOURAVIEFF told me, after our return, that he

had podkeedovate performed upon him in the same room.

During the performance I stood half-aghast, looking at the figure PEYTON WAS cutting, a man six feet high and well-proportioned, going up and down like a trap-ball, his coat tail flying sky-high and his face as red as a brick. I was all the time consoling myself that they had administered this extra touch of hospitality to PEYTON because they considered him the most worthy and the best able to stand it, and I said to BEETSOW, "I hope one tossing for the American nation will be considered honor enough." He replied, "Your turn will very likely come, too."

After a while PEYTON came down and staid down. Servants again came around, and we had to drink champagne. I had just emptied my glass and placed it on the waiter, when, without a moment's warning, I was seized and up I went. Being much lighter than PEYTON, and handled after him by these stout, and now very jovial and merry fellows, I have a distinct recollection of touching the ceiling. My coat-tail certainly did, and what I thought at first a piece of good for tune, now proved to be otherwise, for, having taken PEYTON'S gauge with regard to weight, they did not take into consideration my lightness, and I came near going through the top of the house. Up I went and down I came, only to go up again, until my friends were satisfied that if I was not drunk before, my head