Severus, A.D. 221. He remained in the papal

chair eighteen years.

CALIXTUS I.-died a martyr in 224-reigned as pontiff three years.

URBAN I.-martyred in 232-reigned eight

years.

PONTIANUS-Suffered in Maximin's persecution in 237, after having continued in the papal chair five years.

ANTERUS-a Grecian, who, collecting the acts of the martyrs, gave offence to the government, and perished in 238, having reigned one year.

FABIAN-ascended the papal chair in 238. He built many churches, and sent bishops into Gaul to propagate Christianity. He suffered in the persecution under Decius in 253, having reigned fifteen years.

CORNELIUS-succeeded Fabian in 253, was opposed by Novatian, which gave rise to a schism which long disturbed the peace of the church. On the persecution of the Christians by Gallus, Cornelius was banished, but died soon after, in 255.

LUCIUS I.-died in 257, reigned two years.

STEPHEN I. He had a difference with Cyprian

and Firmilian about rebaptising repentant heretics, which practice the pope condemned. He died a martyr in the reign of Valerian, in 260, having reigned three years.

SIXTUS II. died in 261, reigned one year.

DIONYSIUS-succeeded Sixtus in 261: he was very religious, and summoned a council to condemn the heresy of Sabellius, and was martyred A.D. 272, having reigned eleven years.

FELIX I.—succeeded Dionysius in 272: he suffered death in 275, and was canonised, having reigned three years. An epistle by him against Sabellius and Paul of Samosata is still extant.

EUTYCHIAN-martyred in 283, having reigned eight years. He was a native of Tuscany, and a warm defender of the rights and orders of the church.

CAIUS-died in 296, reigned thirteen years. MARCELLINUS.-He signalised himself by his courage in a severe persecution. The Donatists charged him with having sacrificed to idols, from which he was vindicated by Augustine. He was martyred A.D. 304, having reigned eight years.

MARCELLUS I.-The Emperor Maxentius excommunicated, or rather banished him, for exer

cising the rules and punishments of the church upon an apostate. He died a natural death, A.D. 309. It is supposed that all the popes before him were martyred.

EUSEBIUS-a Greek by birth, succeeded Marcellus as bishop of Rome in 309, and died in 311, having reigned two years. He was violent against readmitting those Christians to communion, who had relapsed. This gave great offence, and the Emperor Maxentius banished the pope to Sicily. MILTIADES-died in 313, having reigned two

years.

SYLVESTER I.- was elected in 314. The Arian heresy commenced in his pontificate, and he distinguished himself against the Donatists. He died in 335, having remained in the papal chair twenty-one years.

MARK-died in 336, having reigned one year. There passes under his name an epistle addressed to St. Athanasius.

JULIUS I.- Pope and saint of the Roman calendar. He strenuously supported the cause of Athanasius, and was a man of great learning and piety. He died in 352, having reigned sixteen years. Some of his letters are extant.

LIBERIUS-a native of Rome. He was compelled to consent to the condemnation of Athanasius by the Emperor Constantius. He died in 366, having reigned fourteen years.

FELIX II.—antipope. He was placed in the papal chair in 355 by the Emperor Constans, during the exile of Liberius, on the return of whom he was expelled. Constans would have the two popes reign together; but the people exclaimed "One God, one Christ, one Bishop." Felix was then exiled, and died in 367 by a violent hand.

He was

DAMASUS I.—a native of Spain. opposed by an antipope called Ursin, but was acknowledged by the bishops of Italy; and the council of Aquilæa condemned Ursin to banishment. Damasus opposed the Arians with great zeal, and died in 384, aged eighty, having reigned seventeen years. Several of his letters are extant. SIRICUS died 398, having reigned fourteen

years.

ANASTASIUS I.-He condemned the works of Origen, and excommunicated Ruffinus, who had translated one of that father's treatises. He died in 402, having reigned four years.

INNOCENT I.-a native of Albany. He condemned the Novatians and Pelagians, and died at Ravenna in 417, having reigned fifteen years. Some of his epistles are extant.

ZOSIMUS, or ZOZIMUS, died 418 — reigned one year.

BONIFACE I.-maintained in the pontificate by the Emperor Honorius against his rival Eulalius. He died in 423-reigned five years.

CELESTINE I.-He condemned the doctrines of Nestorius in a council held at Rome in 430, He died in 432, with the reputation of wisdom and sanctity, having reigned nine years.

SIXTUS III. died in 440-reigned eight years. LEO I. surnamed the Great, was an Italian by birth, and had been employed by popes Celestine and Sixtus in several important affairs. He distinguished himself against the Manichees, Pelagians, and Eutychians. In his time, the council of Chalcedon was called, to which he sent four legates. While that council was sitting in the East, Attila and the Huns ravaged the West, and advanced towards Rome. The Emperor Valentinian, alarmed, applied to the pope, who went to meet Attila, and, by the power of