work, day-to-day drug busts. Those are areas where the people feel that we need to step up the effort.

But there is, under the topic of enforcement, an area where we need the help of the Federal Government. Let me just mention a couple of them if I might. The staff in the Columbus DEA office is way too small, Senator, for this community, way too small. Cleveland, which is now, as you know, a smaller city, but a big city in the country, has ten DEA agents. That is one for every 180,000 of their people. Cincinnati has six agents or one for every 233,000 people. Columbus has two agents or one for every 650,000 people. Now, we have got to have DEA support in Columbus.

The second area deals with the FBI. Their national drug strategy focuses on traditional organized crime, or the Mafia. That is the strategy that they have implemented or used as the outline in Washington for drug fighting in the war on drugs. Well, Columbus isn't, as you well know, Senator, a traditional city, and we don't have that kind of crime, but we do have a drug problem, a serious drug challenge in our community. So our FBI help has been limited, because Columbus doesn't fit into the mold of the FBI's national drug strategy, and that needs to be addressed so that the FBI can help Columbus with problems dealing with processing, distribution and crack trade and things like that.

The third area where we need Federal help deals with our Federal court system. As you well know, Senator, we have the Northern District, and we have the Southern District for Ohio in the Federal court system, and the way that was set up, the head offices of the DEA, the FBI and the ATF are in the principal cities, Cleveland and Cincinnati. Well, the present district that we have now for the Southern District of Ohio was set up in 1855. At that time Columbus had 18,000 people, but today we have got 620,000 people. It is the largest city, not the second-largest city, and the capital city, and I think it is time for the Federal Government to change those 134-year-old rules and move the headquarters for the Southern District bench to Columbus, along with the headquarters of the enforcement agencies that go with it, DEA, FBI and ATF. That would allow our law enforcement agencies to have a stronger and a more direct link between the capital of Ohio and the largest city in Ohio and the capital of the Federal Government in Washington.

Also, another area, we need a Federal detention center for central Ohio, and here is why. Mike Crites has done a tremendous job as U.S. Attorney, almost doing too good of a job, Senator, just too good of a job. His indictments are up 376 percent in 5 years. Incredible. Probably the top in the country right now. The number of Federal prison bed-days required has doubled in that same 5-year period. It is now more than 16,000 for 1989, and it is going to go up in 1990. Federal prisoners now awaiting trial for trials here in Columbus are being housed as far away as Milan, Michigan. It just doesn't make any sense. We need a Federal detention center in this city or in this central Ohio area.

The fourth area of this strategy, the final area, Senator, deals with treatment. As you have indicated time and again, that is too big of a job for local government. We are going to need Federal coordination, Federal funding, Federal research for better treatment methods. That is something that just doesn't work well at the local

level, although I will admit that I have never been at the forefront asking for Mother Washington to put more money in the local governments in areas where I think a local government should use its own ingenuity or creativity to come up with a solution.

But right now we really don't have any place to send crack addicts for inpatient treatment unless they have got a lot of money and they can afford Shepherd Hill or Carde Hospital or someplace like that. We are not even fighting a holding action on treatment. We have virtually no action. Zero for the poor and the low-income people. If the Federal Government is going to spend money—and I know you are in the war on drugs, then treatment is the area where we need it the most. We are chopped up at the local level. As you well know and everyone else knows, we have cities, villages, townships, counties, school districts, and the need for drug treatment knows no political boundaries. So a unified system, unified by the Federal Government nationwide is the best way to go, as we have done with welfare, Title 20 funding and so on through that list.

I would like to just relate one little, brief story, if I might, Senator, to underscore what we found out here. Recently I had an opportunity to go up to Marion State Institute, and I spent the evening with about 40 inmates. Now, that is one of our maximumsecurity facilities here in Ohio, but it is primarily for young offenders as opposed to perhaps Lucasville, which takes all ages. But it is a maximum-security facility. I had dinner with about 40 of them there. We just sat around and talked. We had pizza and Coca-Cola, and we sat there and shot the breeze about drugs, drug abuse, the whole bit. I wanted to learn from them. At my table I had six inmates, all in there for drug abuse offenses. The fellow sitting right across from me was in prison serving not one but two life sentences for murder, both because of a drug deal that went sour.

So I am sitting there talking with this guy, and I said, "Now, you dealt drugs?" He said, "I dealt drugs for 20 years.'

"And you dealt them in Ohio?"

"Yeah," he said, "Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati, and I traveled to New York, resupply, come back out here," and he went through this whole thing. And he said, "I'd still be dealing if I hadn't shot those two guys and killed them."

I said, "Did you ever deal crack?"

"Oh, yeah. Great drug, absolutely a wonderful drug. Let me tell you something, Mayor, crack is the greatest commodity ever invented in the history of America." He says, "It's cheap, it's accessible, it's absolutely addictive." He says, "If I am going to sell anything-and I have sold them all-that's the one I want to sell, because I only need a few customers, and they will sell their kids to get more of my product. I own them lock, stock and barrel." I said, "Have you ever tried crack?"

He said, "Hell, I wouldn't touch it. That stuff will blow your brains out. I wouldn't touch it, I wouldn't let anybody in my family touch it and I have never tried it. But, I'd sell it in a heartbeat."

That said it all to me. We are not dealing with a marijuana or LSD and soapers and uppers and downers and blue jackets and all that other kind of stuff, this is everybody. A few minutes ago you mentioned "ice." We are talking about a Federal menace. You are

absolutely right, Senator. It only takes seven products to make "ice." Of the seven only one is a controlled substance; that's acetone. You can make it with a crock pot in a few hours in your house. We just busted one here in Columbus not too long ago, about a month ago.

And with respect to your questions earlier, many people think we ought to fence off America, just put a big fence around it, Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine, and so on. I just don't think that is going to work from my perspective here at the local level and certainly not after what we have seen going on in the streets of the big cities. It didn't work with the Chinese with the Great Wall. It didn't take long for them to go over it and around it, and it's not going to work for the United States in the 1990's. We need the border patrol, the customs and all that, but that is not the answer. What we need to fence off is our bodies, our homes and our neighborhoods and reduce the fear that is out there, reduce the demand. We are not going to reduce the demand until the people make up their minds it is going to be reduced. The politicians can sit here and bang their jaws until they fall on the floor, but until there is a grass-roots consensus in America not to tolerate drug abuse, we are going to be having these meetings and I am going to be trucking down here to council and sticking a budget in front of them for $4 million, or however many million dollars for drug abuse, and you are going to have to try to deal with the problem in Washington along with the budget and everything else you have got to do. We have got to have the a grass-roots consensus that recreational drug abuse is an intolerable activity in our country.

So my feeling right now, Senator-and I will close off with thisis that we will do that best through solid education programs like DARE, and we will also do it best by making sure that if somebody does fall off the wagon, we can get them back on the straight and narrow through a good treatment process, and in between that we need to have solid, fair but firm and understandable law enforcement procedures.

I hope that you, Senator, can help us with some of these other things I mentioned with respect to posture of Federal Government in central Ohio, but I just want to reiterate until we say, "Not in my house, not in my city, not in my country," we are going to be stuck with a very tough problem. That is why we are grateful that you are here.

Chairman GLENN. Thank you, Mayor. That is an excellent statement. I want to get back with you in a little while as to what some of the kids said and proposed to you. We will talk about that a little bit later.

Cindy, did you have a time problem? I understand you will be catching a 12 o'clock plane?

Ms. LAZARUS. Senator, we have cancelled my plane, so I will be here for as long as you will have us this morning.

Chairman GLENN. Fine. Then we will proceed with Mayor Voino

vich.

STATEMENT OF GEORGE V. VOINOVICH, MAYOR, CLEVELAND, ОН 1

Mr. VOINOVICH. I appreciate the opportunity to testify before you this morning, Senator Glenn. I think you have heard from Mayor Rinehart and you will be hearing from several other people. I think what we need to get clear today is the rough drug crisis, the drug epidemic that we have with us is beyond any one level of government in this country, that it is going to take the Federal, State and local governments working together.

I hope you will take back to Washington the message that Ohio cities are doing everything they can to help themselves to combat the drug problem that we are confronted with. I understand that most of the nation's drug war money has passed through Congress's appropriation process. We would like to see that money distributed as fast as it can. I understand there are some $850 million that has been allocated to State and local governments, and we would like to see that money distributed directly to the cities and school districts, the people who are dealing with those problems on the local level. So often some of this money that comes from Washington never seems to trickle down to the front lines where it is needed to go to war.

In addition, I think we need tougher laws at the Federal and State levels to be able to detain and convict drug dealers, but we also need more jail facilities, and I was pleased that the Ohio legislature recently, as part of the drug bill, has allocated money for six facilities, for 500 units for minimum security to deal with the drug problem.

I don't know whether you are aware of this or not, but in my town-and I don't know what it is in Columbus or Cincinnati-but half the people that are arrested for drug-related crimes commit a second crime before they have a hearing on their first crime. If you talk to parole officers, they will tell you that half the people that are on parole ought to be in jail, and the problem is even more frightening when it comes to juveniles.

One of the prosecutors here in Columbus mentioned to me several months ago that a kid has to steal four cars before he goes off to the Youth Commission, four automobiles. So what you are saying to the young people-and this is why it all gets started-is if you violate the law, you can get away with it. In fact, our police department says they just thumb their nose at them. They just tell them, "We are waiting for you. When you get to be 18 we are going to come after you. We have got your name in and we are going to do it." So we really need to do a better job in that regard.

The second thing, I think, that needs to be understood is that we need to encourage more local government officials getting together and sharing ideas on how we respectively are solving the drug problem. Recently, in September we had a meeting in Cleveland with all the mayors and council present that George Forbes and I put together and had Bill Bennett in for. We were absolutely amazed at the number of people that attended. We happened to videotape that conference, and it was shocking to me, but the OML

1 See p. 134 for Mayor Voinovich's prepared statement.

and the National League of Cities asked us to reduce that tape to a 1-hour show that they could use for the NLC and for the Ohio Municipal League, indicating to me that even in the area of all of the hoopla about the drug problem that we really haven't got educational material out there that is as effective as it should be. This was OK, but I thought to myself: Golly, if this is what they are trying to use on a national level, that certainly we have got a ways to go.

At that conference one of the things that came out was that many of the local jurisdictions were trying to combat the drug problem by themselves, just as we have been trying to do in Cleveland, and we have put lots of things in place. And I am going to mention these things this morning, Senator, because I think so often those of you in Washington get the impression that those of us on the local level maybe are saying, "You take care of the problem and we are not going to do anything about it."

First of all, our city provides an alcohol-and-drug-awareness program that we mandated through our program with our employees. So they find out about their problem themselves and share that information with their families. In our city we have quadrupled the number of police officers that are in the narcotics unit dealing with the problem that we have in our community.

We have recently added 14 dogs to the police department to just deal strictly with the drug problem. In cooperation with Mayor Rinehart and the experience you folks have had here, we now have two helicopters that we are using in the city of Cleveland just recently to deal with the drug problem, and we participate with the Federal government's DARE Program. We have got 10 police officers that are out in the fourth and fifth grades talking to the kids about saying no to drugs.

In addition to that we have got a computer-aided dispatch trying to become more effective. We have put in a new system, automatic fingerprint-matching system, which allows us to match a fingerprint with all fingerprints in our files within a matter of minutes, and that ought to be nationwide. It is really a neat thing, whereas the old way you had to go through and look at each one individually, this now does it by computer, and in September we declared City Hall a drug-free work place, and I congratulate Congress for making it a rule in order to get Federal funds, those departments must be declared drug-free.

And we have had a corporate program since 1982 called GATE, Getting Assistance to Employees, where, again, we provide help to individuals that need help. I encourage them, if they have got members of their family that have got drug problems or other problems, to come in and get help. Last year 400 people took advantage of that, and 70 percent of them, Senator, had problems with chemical dependency. We have seen where alcohol was the problem, alcoholism is going down and the drug, particularly the crack, problem has gone up.

The city also received money from the Cuyahoga County Drug Services Board for a student assistance program that is similar in context to the city's GATE program. Some youth employment program, another little idea, under the Joint Training Partnership Act we made it a rule that you can't get any money for the Summer