Yorkshire is the largest of all the counties, and Rutland the smallest. Northumberland is the most northerly, and Cornwall the most westerly. Warwick is the midland county.

The best coal comes from Northumberland and Durham: good coal is found in Cumberland, Stafford, Gloucester, Somerset, and Monmouth. Tin we get principally from Cornwall: Copper and Lead from the northern counties: Iron from Stafford and Gloucester. In the counties of York, Gloucester, Wilts, and Devon, a great deal of cloth is made. In Lancashire, particularly at Manchester, linen and cotton goods are manufactured. From Stafford we get all kinds of earthen ware; and coarse pans and pitchers from Devonshire. At Derby silk is made: Stockings in Nottingham : Knives, scissors, and razors at Sheffield in Yorkshire: Japan and plated goods at Birmingham, in Warwickshire: Ribbons at Coventry, in the same county: Crape at Norwich, in Norfolk: Lace in Buckinghamshire, and Honiton, in Devonshire: Carpets at Kidderminster in Worcestershire, Axminster in Devonshire, and Wilton in Wiltshire: and Glass at London, Bristol, and Warrington. Devon, Wilts, Hereford, and Hertford are famous corn counties: Cheshire is noted for cheese : Worcestershire for salt: Kent for hops, used in making beer: Suffolk for hemp: and Essex for teazles, which are something like large thistles, and are used by cloth makers. A vast number of things besides grow and are made in England, which you must learn from larger books. •

The principal rivers of England are the Severn, running into the Bristol Channel; the Thames (on the banks of which London is built) flowing into the German Ocean; the Tweed, between England and Scotland; the Mersey, in Cheshire; the Great Ouse, in Bedfordshire; the Trent, in Stafford and Derby; and the Humber, between Yorkshire and Lincolnshire.

The chief mountains are the Cheviot, in the north; Skiddaw, and Helvellyn, in Cumberland; the Wrekin, in Shropshire; the Malvern-Hills, in Worcestershire; the Cotswold-Hills, in Gloucestershire; the Mendip Hills, in Somersetshire; and Dartmoor, in Devonshire.

England abounds in large and handsome towns. Of these, the prettiest is Bath, in Somersetshire, which is thought to be the best-built city in Europe.

The principal trading towns are London, Liverpool, Bristol, Hull, Yarmouth, Manchester, Leeds, Sheffield, Birmingham, and Norwich. Of these, the first five are called Ports, or places near the sea, where a number of ships from all countries are perpetually coming. London is the largest port on the globe.

Portsmouth, Plymouth, and Chatham are naval ports, having dock-yards, where the ships-of-war are built, and where they are kept when not employed in

service.

England is our dear native land, and we should love it with great affection. It is a pleasant country. King Charles the second, who had lived many years out of it, on his return was asked which country he thought best of all he had seen, he replied, "that in which I can be abroad the most hours in the day, and the most days in the year, with the least inconvenience, and that country is England."

The English are a grave sober people, fond of their homes and families; they are kind to each other and to people in distress; industrious and active; fond of liberty themselves, and willing to allow it to others. Let us hope that these good qualities will ever distinguish them.

WALES.

WALES lies to the west of England, and is a very small country. It is full of mountains, the northern part especially. Anglesea, one of the counties, is an island, divided from the main land by the Menai-straits, over which is a beautiful iron suspension bridge, the finest in England. To the west of the Isle of Anglesea is another small island, called Holyhead. This is the nearest land in Britain to Ireland; and from here the packet-boats sail across the channel to Dublin.

Cader-Idris, Snowdon, and Plinlimmon are high mountains in Wales. The fine rivers Severn, Wye, and Dee rise in the Welsh mountains.

SCOTLAND.

SCOTLAND is situated to the north of England, and is very mountainous, particularly in the northern part, called the Highlands. It has also a number of very beautiful lakes, called Lochs. The principal rivers are the Tay, the Forth, the Clyde, and the Dee. Edinburgh, on the Forth, is the Capital, but Glasgow, on the Clyde, is the largest city in Scotland.

The highest mountains of Great-Britain are in Scotland. Ben-Nevis, the highest of all, is more than four thousand feet high; and parts of it are covered with snow all the year.

Scotland has mines of iron, lead, and coal; and in the mountains many pretty stones are found. It is not a very fertile country; yet in the southern parts a great deal of wheat, barley, and oats grow. The

Scotch are very fond of oat-meal, which they eat in a variety of ways. In the lakes and rivers of Scotland delicious fish are caught, particularly salmon and trout; and herrings of a very fine sort are found near the sea-coasts.

There are thirty-three counties in Scotland. The Highland counties have but few people in them; most of whom wear a very strange dress. Some parts of the Highlands are very fine, but the rest are barren and cold.

Scotland has not many large towns. We have mentioned the two finest, Edinburgh and Glasgow. The other principal places are Paisley, Perth, Aberdeen, St. Andrews, and Inverness. Glasgow, Paisley, and Aberdeen are famous for their manufactures, particu larly of linen and cotton. Inverness has been called

the capital of the Highlands.

The Scotch are a brave hardy people, and able to go through much greater fatigues than we are. They are generally temperate, industrious, and honest, and most of them are good scholars.

IRELAND.

IRELAND is a large island west of Great-Britain, and separated from it by the Irish-Sea and St. George'sChannel. Ireland is divided into four provinces, ULSTER, LEINSTER, Munster, and CONNAUGHT. These contain thirty-two counties. Dublin, on the eastern coast, and built on the river Liffey, is the capital.

This is a very pretty island, and because its fields usually are bright and green it is sometimes called the 'Emerald-Isle.' The emerald is a precious stone of a beautiful green colour. This Island is governed by a nobleman of high rank appointed by our sovereign, and called the Lord Lieutenant. * He is in fact the deputy king of the island. Ireland is a level country, having no mountains of any great height. Some of the rivers are large and grand, especially the Shannon, the Boyne, the Barrow, and the Suir. There are few countries more fruitful than Ireland. Corn, flax, hemp, and tobacco grow here, and a great quantity of butter is made. Numbers of pigs and eggs are sent every week to England.

Ireland has large and handsome towns, some of them places of great trade. Dublin is in some parts a splendid city, but in others miserably poor. The Bay of Dublin is very beautiful. In Belfast, Coleraine, and other towns in the north, linen of a fine quality is made, generally called Irish-cloth. Waterford, Cork, and Limerick are also places of great trade.

It is very sad to think that with such a fine and fruitful country the people of Ireland should be so poor and wretched. This is more particularly the case in the south and west provinces, Munster and Connaught. Thousands of the Irish come to England every year

*From two French words, 'lieu, the place of' and 'tenan holding,' 'holding the place of another."