as the necessity of the case may demand. Many of the barns of that region, however, are built of logs, but are not chinked or daubed. They are poorly fitted for cur

ing fine tobacco, as it is exposed very much to beating rains or drifting snows, and to the damaging effects of winds. The best Burley planters are discarding such

barns and are erecting frame barns, like that in Fig. 35, with such conveniences and appliances as will enable them to regulate the curing. In damp weather, it is the practice to give all the ventilation possible by opening all the doors and windows; in dry weather, close the barn during the day, and open at night. Too much wet weather or too much dry weather is equally hurtful in curing tobacco. It is very necessary that the ventila

FIG. 46. ONONDAGA TOBACCO BARN.

tion of the building should be under perfect control while the process of curing is going on.

The tobacco barns in common use for curing yellow tobacco by means of flues are very inexpensive and simple in construction. They are usually built of logs or poles cut from the woods. Sometimes these logs are hewn, but oftener they are put up with the bark on them. It requires about 68 logs, or 17 on a side, to build a barn with four firing tiers in the body. The logs are large enough so that one of them, including the

space between the logs, will raise the barn a foot in hight. A barn with four firing tiers will therefore be 17 feet high. When the barn is five firing tiers high it requires 80 logs for its construction.

The first firing tiers are usually put nine feet from the ground, and the remaining tiers about two feet and nine inches apart vertically. Ground tiers are sometimes put below the first firing tiers, for convenience in

elevating and taking down the tobacco. Usually, there are one or two tiers in the roof. When there are four rooms, or four vertical spaces, between the tier poles, the logs are cut about 17 feet long. When there are five rooms, the length of the logs is 21 feet, and for six rooms 25 feet long. Fig. 36 is a barn with four rooms four tiers high, with ground tiers. Fig. 37 represents

a barn five tiers high, with six rooms. Fig. 38 contains five rooms five tiers high.

The most approved barn in size is one with four firing tiers in hight, and the same in width. In the "rooms" next to the walls, tier poles are put which lie against the walls. This is preferable to nailing a strip on the walls to support the ends of the sticks holding the tobacco plants.

The barns are not always square. It is necessary that one of the inside dimensions, or rather the width of the barn on the inside, should be some multiplier of four in feet, so as to accommodate the width of the rooms to the length of the sticks, but the length of the tier poles need not be so restricted. Some barns are therefore constructed 16, 20 or 24 feet in width in the

FIG. 48. HANGER FOR LEAVES IN SNOW BARN.

interior, but they may be of any reasonable length in the direction in which the tier poles run. Many planters prefer barns five tiers wide and five high and of equal width and length, with the door on the side and the furnaces and smoke escape pipe on the end.

Barns built of round logs are chinked and daubed with mud. If the logs are hewn, after the cracks are chinked they are usually pointed with a mortar made of lime and sand. This latter manner of closing the spaces between the logs, while much neater in appearance, is not so effective in making the structures tight as when the cracks are closed with mud.

A square barn containing four firing tiers and four rooms in the body, will hold 500 sticks of tobacco, or 3000 plants. One with five firing tiers and five rooms

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will hold between 700 and 800 sticks, or from 4200 to 4800 plants.

Flues are variously arranged.

The illustration given in Fig. 39 shows the arrangement most commonly used. Two holes are cut in one end of the barn, 36 inches wide and some three feet high. These openings must be 18 to 20 inches from the side walls of the barn, as at e e e e in Fig. 39. Brick or stone is used for the furnaces, which are built with walls 18 inches apart, 20 inches in hight at the openings, a a, and arched. The spaces above the arches are closed with brick and

FIG. 49. PATENT VENTILATED BARN, WISCONSIN.

mortar. These furnaces project on the outside 18 inches, and are extended on the inside some three feet. The lateral walls of the furnaces should be extended around from b to c and covered with sheet iron. At c c, flues made of iron pipe 10 to 12 inches in diameter are inserted, with a gentle inclination upward, so as to insure draught. They come out of the barn two feet higher at d d than they are at c c. No. 16 sheet iron