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FIG. 78. BUYERS FROM ALL OVER EUROPE AND AMERICA AT A SALE OF SHIPPING TOBACCO CLARKSVILLE, TENN.

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or label, bearing the name of the warehouse, the seiler, the warehouse number, the gross weight, date of inspection and the name of the inspector. This tag is affixed by tape and scaling wax, to prevent tampering. If a hogshead is resampled, it must also be reweighed. The tag bears the date of original inspection, and later and last date of reinspection, with the new gross weight. The tobacco "note," or manifest, as it is called, also shows the date of inspection or reinspection, of old and new weights, and passes from buyer to seller without endorsement or further marks of identity.

This note bears also the name of warehouse, planter's private marks and numbers, and is signed by the proprietor. When required by the buyer, the private initial or brand must be interpreted, revealing the packer if not the owner. This tobacco manifest, or receipt, is negotiable, representing, as it does, an individual and identified package of tobacco. When the tobacco "note" is taken by the warehouse as a receipt for the delivery of the tobacco, the receiver or owner is required to properly endorse same. Sometimes tobacco is placed in storage, the owner not wishing, for the time being, any inspection. The warehouse issues a special receipt for this, inserting in it the description of each package in the way of private marks and weight, and also the name of the owner, the paper bearing the statement that the tobacco is delivered to the holder of the note or his order through proper endorsement. The warehouse charges are $1.50 per hogshead from the date of inspection to the end of the first four months. Subsequent to this, storage is charged at the rate of ten cents per month. After two years' storage has accumulated, the tobacco is liable to be sold for storage charges, but is rarely ever thus disposed of under three or four years. Storage and Auction Fees.-In addition to the inspection fee of 25 cents for each package, the owner of

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FIG. 79. TOBACCO SALE AT CLARKSVILLE. A HOGSHEAD IN THE FOREGROUND STRIPPED OF ITS CASK FOR SAMPLING

the tobacco pays through his commission merchant, or directly, a sampling fee of 75 cents, which includes cooperage and nails, making an expense of $1 on each hogshead of 500 pounds net, to any weight merchantable up to 2200 pounds, and over. Insurance is at the risk of owner, unless otherwise stipulated. The fee of the tobacco auctioneer ranges from 12 to 25 cents per sample sold, and is paid by the seller. Auctioneers of loose tobacco are paid arbitrary fees and salary by warehousemen, while the warehouses themselves charge graded prices to the planter by the pile. Commission merchants' fees for selling tobacco loose, or in hogsheads, are two and one-half per cent on gross sales, one-half per cent tax, one-half per cent insurance, beside freight, grading and inspection, if same has been previously paid out; also auction fees if the sample is put up at auction.

Marketing and Selling.-If sound leaf tobacco, well assorted and in good keeping order, the sample is marked A, for Admitted. All lugs, trash and tobacco in bad keeping condition is marked R, for Refused. Damaged tobacco is Insecure. Casks in poor condition are replaced at the cost of the owner. If hogsheads are fraudulently packed, with intention to deceive, the inspectors are required to give information to the grand jury when called upon. False packing is an indictable offense in most of the heavy-tobacco-growing states. The samples are placed on top of the hogshead from which they are drawn. During the sale (Fig. 78), the auctioneer stands near the hogshead which he is selling, and every buyer may see the condition of the tobacco. Bids are taken at auctions at an advance of 10 cents per 100 pounds up to $6; after this price is reached, 25 cents is the minimum bid recognized up to $25, when 50 cents increase per 100 pounds is the lowest bid taken. After being sold, the cask is replaced over the uncovered tobacco, coopered and weighed. Planters have the au

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FIG. 80. INSPECTING AND SAMPLING TOBACCO AT CLARKSVILLE.

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