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supply of heavy leaf. Louisville is easily the largest primary market, receiving in 1896 about 118,000 hogsheads. Cincinnati followed with 68,000 and Clarksville with 37,000 hogsheads. Among the eight leading primary markets Hopkinsville stands forth in prominence, with 21,000 hogsheads handled in 1896, Paducah 17,000, Mayfield 8,000, St. Louis 5,000 and Nashville 3,000. The beginning of each year, of course, finds more or less stock carried over, but these figures afford a good index of the general movement. The freight rate on heavy leaf, from Louisville as a basis, to New York, is about 35 cents per 100 pounds, to Baltimore 32 cents, to Philadelphia 33 cents, and to Boston 39 cents.

PART II.

HEAVY LEAF OR EXPORT TOBACCO.

[graphic]

FIG. 85. HEAVY SHIPPING LEAF, GREEN RIVER DISTRICT, KENTUCKY.

Grown by Mr. Chris. Denton of Henderson county, on Armour's Black tobacco and White Burley tobacco fertilizer, manufactured by Armour Fertilizer Works, Chicago, Ill.

CHAPTER XIII.

HEAVY SHIPPING TOBACCO.

The export, or heavy shipping, tobacco is so called because by far the largest proportion of it is taken for foreign consumption. With the exception of an inconsiderable quantity used in the manufacture of cheap cigars, cheap plug, snuff, and the making of sheep washes, all may be said to go abroad. Being cured by open fires, the smoky, or creosotic, flavor is not relished by the people of the United States. It is also too strong in nicotine, and it has not the sweetness of taste and delicacy of flavor that the air and sun cured tobacco has. Another reason why our domestic manufacturers do not encourage its use, is its low absorptive capacity for the liquids or sauces used in the manufacture of chewing tobacco. The White Burley has the capacity to absorb nearly three times its weight in water, while the heavy James River or Clarksville tobacco will scarcely absorb one-third as much. This makes the White Burley much more profitable to the manufacturer, for he can produce a much larger amount of the manufactured product from a given quantity of White Burley tobacco, than he can from the heavy shipping styles.

When tobacco is cured by open fires, the pores of the leaves become surcharged with smoky deposits, and the absorptive capacity of the cured product is greatly reduced. Tobacco cured without fires, or cured with flues or by exposure to the sun, is much better suited for the manufacturer's purpose than where cured by smoky fires. On the other hard, the foreign buyers prefer the heavy

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