PLATE XI. HEAVY SHIPPING TOBACCO.

Seed plant from same field as Plate X. Hight, 5 feet 9 inches; bottom leaves, 30 inches long, 14 inches wide; middle, 30x14 inches; top 24x13 inches.

uniform, one year with another, by proper mixing of tobacco in large bins containing from thirty to forty hogsheads each. France also consumes from 15,000 to 25,000 hogsheads of tobacco grown in Alsace-Lorraine and about 5000 hogsheads of Hungarian tobacco.

Italian Regie.-The exports of the tobacco of the United States to Italy were: 32,436,011 pounds in 1891; 30,096,355 pounds in 1892; 27,515,456 pounds in 1893; 24,484,406 pounds in 1894; and 24,626,836 pounds in 1895. Italy usually takes from 15,000 to 18,000 hogsheads of heavy tobacco annually, and 2000 to 3000 hogsheads of Burley. The tobacco taken from Italy is also classified into A's, B's, and C's.

Type A is a large, smooth, showy and silky leaf, twenty-five to twenty-six inches long, of delicate fiber and texture, and of a solid dark brown color. Moderate weight only is required in this type, and just oil and fat enough to make it elastic and strong. This type is used as wrappers in the manufacture of cigars.

Type B varies between heavy and light tobacco, sometimes the one, and then the other, being called for in the contract. When the heavy is required, the type consists of leaf of heavy body, dark brown color, and of more general richness and weight than type A, and it must be from twenty-two to twenty-five inches long. This type is used partly in the manufacture of snuff. Type B, light, consists of leaf of second and third grades of the same length of the heavy type, of showy appearance, light brown, or red, in color, and of moderate weight of body. Type B, light, is used in the manufacture of cigars of milder flavor than those made of the heavier type, and it is also used largely for cutting into smoking tobacco.

Type C consists of short, common leaf, eighteen to twenty inches in length, of moderate weight of body, and is used as fillers and binders in the manufacture of cigars.

Of these various types, A is chiefly selected from the lighter-bodied and smooth product of the Clarksville district and of the western Kentucky district; B, heavy, from the heavier bodied products of these districts; B, light, from the lower Green River district. The tobacco of southern Indiana and Illinois has sometimes been

used for B light. Type C is the common leaf of the heavy-producing districts, and the heavier bodied product of the light-producing districts. Intermediate types are frequently allowed in the Regie contracts. A small quantity of White Burley tobacco is taken for trial. Italy uses a considerable amount of Hungariangrown tobacco.

Austria Regie takes only one type from the United States, and this is divided into A, B and C grades. This is a wrapping leaf, very smooth and fine in fiber, of very solid, firm and glossy texture above medium heavy body, but not of the heaviest and most fleshy type, and of a perfectly uniform brown and piebald color. A very essential quality is toughness in the leaf and a capacity of stretch. It must be well cured by fire, but not injured in curing. The length of leaf is not an essential part of the fitness, but good length is preferred. This type is used in Austria as wrappers for cigars, and is supplied partly from Virginia, but in the main from the Clarksville district. The lower grades of tobacco for the Austrian Regie are supplied from Hungary. Austria is also taking a small quantity of White Burley tobacco experimentally.

The Spanish Regie.-The Spanish contract is let for periods ranging from one to six years, and is filled by sound, common and medium lugs and low leaf of all types and districts, except the Burley and bright-tobaccoproducing districts. It is also, in part, filled by the low and nondescript leaf of light type. Most of the tobacco for this contract is taken from the Western product,

only about 2000 hogsheads of Virginia tobacco being found suitable in character and price. The order is generally made for one-third of leaf of low grade and two-thirds lugs. The tobacco is classified into A's, B's and C's. Most all of it is used for smoking, the better grades for wrappers, binders and fillers in the manufacture of cigars, and the lower grades are granulated and used for the manufacture of cigarettes and a moderate amount in snuff. The tobacco taken for Gibraltar is not embraced in the following statement: The quantity taken annually is from 15,000 to 18,000 hogsheads. There were 13,865,549 pounds of the tobacco of the United States exported to Spain in 1891; 22,862,875 pounds in 1992; 12,611,810 pounds in 1893; 30,054,113 pounds in 1894; and 26,262,432 pounds in 1895.

German Types.-German Saucer is a sweet, fairbodied leaf of fine fiber and stem, gummy, without fatness, and either of a clear, cherry red in color, or mottled with yellow, technically called piebald. The surface is gummy, the leaf of good length, with considerable weight of body. It is prepared for consumption in Germany by treating it with sweet sauces of a peculiar flavor and character. The fiber must be yellow after being treated with these sauces, and the leaf black. It is supplied mainly from Virginia, though some excellent tobacco for this purpose is grown in the heavy-tobacco districts of Tennessee and Kentucky.

German Spinner consists of a very heavy-bodied leaf, from twenty-four to twenty-six inches long, full in width, of fine stem and fiber, very oily and fat, so that it will come out of the process of fermentation supple and strong, tough and elastic in texture, and of a very deep dark-brown color. This type is used in Germany and the north of Europe for spinning into strand. It is supplied chiefly from the Clarksville district and in part from the Green River districts of Kentucky. It is this

PLATE XII. BRIGHT YELLOW TOBACCO (Silky Pryor, topped plant). Photographed in same field and on same date (Aug. 21) as Plate XIII.

Hight of plant, 3 feet. Bottom leaf, 13x25 inches; middle leaf, 16x28 inches; top leaf, 13x24 inches. Season: Rains up to about July 15, excessive heat and dryness for next 22 days.