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XXIV

FOREIGN COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES.

The foreign commerce of the United States during the fiscal year 1902 was larger than during any year of its history except 1901. Compared with 1901 there was a reduction of $106,045,590 in exports and an increase of $80,148,783 in imports.

The reduction in exports is ascribed by the Treasury Department chiefly to the shortage in the corn crop of 1901, the reduction in the price of cotton and an unusual home demand for iron and steel manufactures. The increase in imports was chiefly due to increased demands for foreign materials for use in manufacturing.

The shortage of the corn crop of 1901, due to drought, reduced our corn exportations in the fiscal year 1902, 151,181,413 bushels below those of 1901, and caused a reduction of $66,312,310 in the value of corn exportations. The export price of cotton averaged about one cent per pound less than that of the preceding year and, although the exportations exceeded in quantity those of 1901 by 169,888,315 pounds, the total value of the cotton exported fell $23,021,624 below that of 1901. In iron and steel the increased. demand at home, coupled with abnormal conditions abroad, caused a reduction of $18,766,758 in value of our exports of that class of manufactures. The total value of United States exports of merchandise for the fiscal year last past was $1,381,719,401, showing a decrease of $106,045,590 from the valuation of such exports for the year preceding. The value of merchandise imported into the United States during the last fiscal year was $903,320,948, showing an increase over that for the preceding year of $80,148,783.

The value of our importations of gold and silver during the last fiscal year was $80,253,508, as against $102,437,707 imported during the preceding year. The value of our exportations of gold and silver during the last fiscal year was $98,301,340 as against $117,470,357 exported during the preceding year.

Our exports of agricultural products during the last fiscal year amounted in value to $851,465,622, or 62.83 per cent of the total valuation of our exports of domestic merchandise. The value of our exports of domestic manufactures during the last fiscal year ended July 1, 1902, was $403,641,401, as against $410,932,524, the value of such exports during the preceding year.

The

value of our exports, other than manufactures, during the last fiscal year was $951,840,460, as against $1,049,530,282, which was the value of such exports during the year preceding.

The value of the commerce of the United States for the last year amounted to $2,285,040,041, as against $2,310,937,156, the corresponding amount for the year preceding.

The value of breadstuffs exported during the last fiscal year amounted to $213,134,344, as against $275,594,618 during the preceding fiscal year, and $262,744,078 during the year 1900; of provisions, comprising meat and dairy products, $199,861,378, as against $196,959,637 exported during the preceding year, and $184,453,055 exported during the year 1900; of raw cotton, $290,651,819, as against $313,673,443 exported during the preceding year; of animals, $44,871,684, as against $52,058,876 exported during the preceding year; of hog products, comprising bacon, hams, pork, canned and fresh, and salted or pickled, and lard, $127,651,341, as against $120,855,477, the corresponding amount for the preceding year.

Our exports of wheat during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1902, aggregated 154,856,102 bushels, valued at $112,875,222, as against 132,060,667 bushels, valued at $86,771,743, exported during the preceding year; 101,950,389 bushels, valued at $73,837,080, exported during the year ended June 30, 1900; 139,432815 bushels, valued at $104,269,169, exported during the year ended June 30, 1899; and 148,231,261 bushels, valued at $145,684,659, exported during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1898.

The quantity of wheat exported during the calendar year ended December 31, 1902, aggregated 128,361,712 bushels, valued at $96,244,761, as against 178,317,454 bushels, valued at $129,260,618, exported during the preceding year, and 99,079,153 bushels, valued at $70,976,433, exported during the year 1900. Of the quantity of wheat exported during the last fiscal year, 77,544,418 bushels were shipped to the United Kingdom; 19,725,674 bushels to Germany; 15,662,238 bushels to Belgium; 16,970,035 bushels to the Netherlands.

Our exports of wheat flour during the last fiscal year aggregated 17,759,203 barrels, valued at $65,661,974, as against 18,650,979 barrels, valued at $69,459,296, exported during the preceding year; 18,699,194 barrels, valued at $67,760,886, exported

during the year ended June 30, 1900, and 18,485,690 barrels, valued at $73,093,870, exported during the year ended June 30, 1899.

Of our exports of wheat flour during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1902, 9,059,722 barrels, valued at $34,818,702, were shipped to the United Kingdom, as against 10,854,573 barrels, valued at $11,655,649, exported during the preceding year, and 10,257,028 barrels, valued at $38,173,543, shipped during the year ended June 30, 1900; also, during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1902, 703,470 barrels, valued at $2,773,836, were shipped to Germany; 1,404,247 barrels, valued at $5,455,083, to the Netherlands; 1,449,615 barrels valued at $5,404,722, to the West Indies; 278,051 barrels, valued at $942,295, to the Central American states; 1,398,893 barrels, valued at $4,164,693, to Hong Kong; 446,435 barrels, valued at $1,279,880, to Japan; 544, 145 barrels, valued at $2,187,352, to Brazil.

As estimated by the United States Bureau of Statistics, the average export price of wheat flour per barrel for the year 1902 was $3.70, as against $3.72 for the preceding year and $3.62 for the year 1900.

Our exports of wheat flour during the calendar year ended December 31, 1902, aggregated 17,998,531 barrels, valued at $67,157,638, as against 19,234,779 barrels, valued at $70,959,775, exported during the preceding calendar year, and 18,632,509 barrels, valued at $68,017,605, exported during the year ended December 31, 1900.

Our exports of corn during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1902, aggregated 26,636,552 bushels, valued at $16,185,673, as against 177,817,965 bushels, valued at $32,527,983, exported during the preceding fiscal year; and 209,348,273 bushels, valued at $85,206,389, exported during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1900; and 174,089,091 bushels, valued at $69,977,445, exported during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1899. Of the quantity of corn exported during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1902, 10,030,459 bushels, valued at $6,177,299, were shipped to the United Kingdom; 4,862,898 bushels, valued at $2,772, 183, to Germany; 3,023,382 bushels, valued at $1,854,329, to the Netherlands; 1,267,434 bushels, valued at $683,008, to Denmark; 933,930 bushels, valued at $546,320, to Belgium; 296,296 bushels, valued at $189,730, to France; 25,927 bushels, valued at $19,600, to

Italy; 3,209,677 bushels, valued at $189,773, to the Dominion of Canada; 1,691,049 bushels, valued at $1,210,665, to the West Indies.

The average export price of corn per bushel, for the year ended June 30, 1902, was 68 cents, as against 46 cents for the preceding year, and 41 cents for the year ended June 30, 1900.

It may here be remarked that the great falling off in the corn crop not only reduced the quantity of corn available for exportation, but caused the consumption at home of large quantities of oats, so that the exportation of oats fell off $7,612,092 in value.

The quantity of oats exported during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1902, aggregated 9,971,139 bushels, valued at $4, 153,238, as against 37,146,812 bushels, valued at $11,765,330, exported during the preceding fiscal year; 41,369,205 bushels, valued at $12,504,540, exported during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1900, and 30,632,914 bushels, valued at $9,787,540, exported during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1899.

Of the quantity exported during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1902, 2,708,394 bushels, valued at $1,021,288, were shipped to the United Kingdom; 1,767,712 bushels, valued at $649,645, to France; 49,957 bushels, valued at $21,315, to Belgium; 170,540 bushels, valued at $69,401, to the Netherlands; 69,979 bushels, valued at $26,643, to Germany; 249,795 bushels, valued at $99,035, to the Dominion of Canada; 3,099,563 bushels, valued at $1,430,157, to South British Africa; 932,262 bushels, valued at $371,189, to the Philippine Islands; and 14,304 bushels, valued at $5,357, to the Chinese Empire.

The quantity exported during the calendar year ended December 31, 1902, aggregated, according to the Advance Sheets of the United States Bureau of Statistics, 5,864,042 bushels, valued at $2,495,505, as against 25,776,575 bushels, valued at $9,042,504, exported during the preceding year, and 32,160,642 bushels, valued at $9,823,496, exported during the year ended December 31, 1900. The exports of cotton, unmanufactured, for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1902, aggregated 3,500,778,763 pounds, from a crop of 10,680,680 bales, with a net average weight per bale of 480 pounds. The percentage of the domestic product exported was 64.47 per cent.

Of the quantity of unmanufactured cotton exported, 1, 556, 550,072 pounds of "Upland and other", except Sea Island, were shipped to the United Kingdom. The total quantity shipped to the United Kingdom was 1,566,161,746 pounds, valued at $128,323,241; 852,742,340 pounds to Germany; 385,431,693 pounds to France, and 220,718,387 pounds to Italy.

The quantity of cotton cloths exported during the last fiscal year was, of colored, 146,769,292 yards, and of uncolored 358,004,521 yards. The larger part of these exports of cotton cloths is sent to the Central American States, the West Indies, Asia and South America. The quantity exported to the Chinese Empire was, including colored and uncolored, 335,327,764 yards.

The average export price of cotton during the year 1902 was 8.2 cents, as against 9.4 cents for the year 1901 and 7.7 cents for the year 1900.

The quantity of bacon exported during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1902, aggregated 383,150,624 pounds, valued at $35,449,797, as against 456,122,741 pounds, valued at $37,499,026, exported during the preceding fiscal year; 512,142,398 pounds, valued at $38,975, 205, exported during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1900; 562,651,480 pounds, valued at $41,557,067, during the year ended June 30, 1899; 650,108,983 pounds, valued at $46,380,918, exported during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1898, and 500,399,448 pounds, valued at $34,187,147, exported during the year ended June 30, 1897.

Of the volume exported during the fiscal year last past, 310,380,793 pounds, valued at $28,927,610, were exported to the United Kingdom; 21,361,704 pounds, valued at $1,941,997, to Belgium; 845,484 pounds, valued at $75,048, to France; 20,009,656 pounds, valued at $1,675,155, to Germany; 5,736,628 pounds, valued at $499,230, to the Netherlands; 1,908,467 pounds, valued at $181,708, to Brazil; 5,732,480 pounds, valued at $617,471, to the Dominion of Canada; 4,280,576 pounds, valued at $383,310, to the West Indies.

The average export price of bacon, during the fiscal year last past, was 9.9 cents per pound, as against 9 cents for the preceding year and 8.4 cents for the year ended June 30, 1900.

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