PARAGRAPH 439-FURS. rendered by the General Board of Appraisers nullifying their import as originally interpreted, and it is to eliminated the probability of the same question arising again that we ask for the elimination of the three words above mentioned. Respectfully, yours, ALFRED EISENBACH (For Fur Merchants' Credit Association). BRIEF OF ALEX. E. KLAHRE & CO., NEW YORK, N. Y. The COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS, House of Representatives, Washington, D. C. NEW YORK, January 29, 1913. DEAR SIRS: We would respectfully call your attention to paragraph 439 pertaining to furs, skins, etc., and would ask that on the following furs dressed on the skins, namely: Sheepskin rugs, goatskin rugs, dogskin robes and mats, kidskin crosses, and lambskin crosses, which are under paragraph 439 in the prevailing law dutiable at 35 per cent, be reduced to 20 per cent. The above-named skins are tanned and sewed together in China, but can not be used in this condition as imported and must be resewn, cleaned, and dyed. On single tanned goatskins, single tanned dogskins, single tanned sheepskins and lambskins, a duty of 20 per cent, same duty as in prevailing law. All raw skins free as in the present law. We are convinced that in the event of the reductions of duties on the skins named, he revenue to the Government will be largely increased. It is a well-known fact amongst the trade that owing to the present rates of duties our manufacturers and importers are somewhat timid in importing the quantities of skins from China they otherwise would do if lower rates of duties prevailed, depending upon the European markets for their purchases from time to time and paying the extra profit to the importers of those markets, which should inure to the benefit of manufacturers of our country. One of the largest firms of manufacturers in Milwaukee made the statement a few days ago that owing to the excessive duty of 35 per cent the firm was compelled to discharge a large number of working men because of the difficulty in selling their output on account of the high duty. Very respectfully, yours, ALEX. E. KLAHRE & Co. BRIEF OF LOWERRE & CO., NEW YORK, N. Y., ET AL. The COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS, NEW YORK, January 27, 1913. House of Representatives, Washington, D. C. GENTLEMEN: Referring to paragraph 439 under Schedule N of the present tariff, we beg to petition your committee in regard to the rough furs which are commonly known as goat and sheep "rugs" and "mats" and dog "mats," and ask that this class of furs be separated from the general class and be put by themselves with a special rating of their own. We ask this for the reason that they are of an entirely different class of material, being cheaper and rougher than what are commonly known as "fancy furs." However, on account of not having separate classification, they are included in the second part of paragraph 439 under Manufactures of furs further advanced than dressing and dyeing and prepared for use as material, including plates, linings, and crosses, 35 per cent ad valorem," thus putting them on an equal basis with goods which are already prepared in the greater part for manufacture. We give you the following arguments in favor of a separate listing and reduction: First. We have no ax to grind. We neither gain nor lose on account of the higher duty. The only effect it has is to make the manufactured article cost more to the consumer, without giving to anyone any added protection whatever, as this class of furs is used only for the manufacture of carriage robes and a cheap grade of men's fur coats, none of which are imported into this country in the manufactured state. Second. The terms "rugs" and "mats" are simply trade names for certain standard sizes of furs, and has no meaning in any other sense than this. While they are not one separate skin, the skins are simply pieced out on the sides with a loose stitch and basted to bring them up to the standard of measurement. This stitch is absolutely worthless as far as being of any use in the manufacturing, it being necessary to rip the sewing, cut the "rugs" and "mats" apart, rematch and sew before they are of marketable value as far as manufacture is concerned. The principal reason for these furs PARAGRAPH 439-FURS. being imported in these sizes is because the importer in this country is better able to ascertain what amount of material he is getting than if he bought them in the regular skin shape, the skins being of variable sizes. Thirdly. It requires just as much work to manufacture a robe or coat from these "rugs" or "mats" as it would to manufacture from natural shaped skins. Fourthly. The natural shaped skins, which are no further advanced than these "rugs" or "mats," can be brought in at 20 per cent, even though they may be dyed abroad. The fancy fur plates, such as squirrel, etc., even though dyed, can be brought in at the same rate of duty (35 per cent) as our "rugs" and "mats," which we import in the undyed state entirely. What we claim is that China goat and sheep "rugs" and "mats" and dog "mats," loosely basted together to make a standard size, not machine sewed, should be under a separate heading, so worded, at 20 per cent duty. In making this appeal to your committee, we beg to impress upon you the fact that this will reduce this class of skins to the old rate of duty at which they were always entered under the old Dingley tariff; that the advance of 15 per cent made in the last revision of the tariff simply increased the cost of the manufactured article to the consumer, giving no protection to any manufacturer in this country; and that under the present tariff it would be advantageous for us to have our raw material dyed abroad instead of in this country, as we are doing now, and importing it in the dyed state, being able to do so without any increase in the tariff rate. We beg you to take this all into consideration. Respectfully submitted. LOWERRE & Co. HENRY HOFFMAN. BRIEF OF LANPHER, SKINNER & CO., ST. PAUL, MINN., CONCERNING FUR AND FUR-LINED GARMENTS. The COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS, ST. PAUL, MINN., January 28, 1913. House of Representatives, Washington, D. C. GENTLEMEN: Referring to paragraph 439 under Schedule N of the present tariff, we beg to petition your committee in regard to the rough furs, which are commonly known as Chinese dog mats and dog plates, and ask that this class of furs be separated from the general class and be put by themselves with a special rating of their own. We ask this for the reason that they are of an entirely different class of material, being cheaper and rougher than what are commonly known as fancy furs. However, on account of not having separate classification, they are included in the second part of paragraph 439 under Manufactures of furs further advanced than dressing and dyeing and prepared for use as material, including plates, linings, and crosses, 35 per cent ad valorem," thus putting them on an equal basis with goods which are already prepared in the greater part for manufacture. We give you the following arguments in favor of a separate listing and reduction: First. We neither gain nor lose on account of the higher duty. The only effect which it has is to make the manufactured article cost more to the consumer without giving to anyone any added protection whatever, as this class of furs is used only for the manufacture of carriage robes and a cheap grade of men's fur coats, none of which are imported into this country in the manufactured state. Second. The terms "mats" and "plates" are simply the trade names for certain standard sizes of furs and have no meaning in any other sense than this. While they are not one separate skin, they are simply pieced out on the sides with a loose stitch and basted to bring them up to the standard of measurement. This stitch is absolutely worthless as far as being of any use in the manufacturing, it being necessary to rip the sewing, cut the mats and plates apart, rematch them, and sew them, before they are of marketable value, as far as manufacture is concerned. The principal reason for these furs being imported in these sizes is because the importer in this country is better able to ascertain what amount of material he is getting than if he bought them in the regular skin shape, the skins being of variable sizes. Third. It requires just as much work to manufacture a robe or coat from these mats or plates as it would to manufacture from natural shaped skins. PARAGRAPH 439-FURS. Fourth. The natural shaped skins which are no further advanced than these mats and plates can be brought in at 20 per cent, even though they may be dyed abroad. The fancy fur plates, such as squirrel, etc., even though dyed, can be brought in at the same rate of duty (35 per cent) as our mats and plates, which we import in the undyed state entirely. What we claim is that China dog mats and plates loosely basted together to make a standard size, not machine sewed, should be under a separate heading, so worded, at 20 per cent duty. In making this appeal to your committee, we beg to impress upon you the fact that this will reduce this class of skins to the old rate of duty at which they were always entered under the old Dingley tariff, but the advance of 15 per cent made in the last revision of the tariff simply increased the cost of the manufactured article to the consumer, giving no protection to any manufacturer in this country, and that under the present tariff it would be advantageous for us to have our raw material dyed abroad instead of in this country, as we are now doing, and importing it in the dyed state, being able to do so without any increase in the tariff rate, and it could be stated in the separate clause for China dog mats and plates, loosely basted together to make a standard size, not dyed and not machine sewed, to be admitted at 20 per cent duty. This would protect our dyers and benefit us all, giving us a separate heading, and not including us in the fancy-fur schedule. We beg you to take this all into consideration and give the matter an unbiased decision. LANPHER, SKINNER & Co. Yours, very truly, A. HOENIGSBERGER, CHICAGO, ILL., WRITES ON THE SUBJECT OF FURS. The COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS, House of Representatives, Washington, D. C. CHICAGO, January 27, 1913. GENTLEMEN: Referring to paragraph 439 under Schedule N of the present tariff, we beg to petition your committee in regard to the rough furs, which are commonly known as goat and sheep "rugs" and "mats" and dog "mats," and ask that this class of furs be separated from the general class and be put by themselves with a special rating of their own. We ask this for the reason that they are of an entirely different class of material, being cheaper and rougher than what are commonly known as "fancy furs." However, on account of not having a separate classification, they are included in the second part of paragraph 439, under "Manufactures of furs further advanced than dressing and dyeing and prepared for use as material, including plates, linings, and crosses, 35 per cent ad valorem," thus putting them on an equal basis with goods which are already prepared in the greater part for manufacture. We give you the following arguments in favor of a separate listing and reduction. First. We have no ax to grind. We neither gain nor lose on account of the higher duty. The only effect which it has is to make the manufactured article cost more to the consumer, without giving to anyone any added protection whatever as this class of furs is used only for the manufacture of carriage robes and a cheap grade of men's fur coats, none of which are imported into this country in the manufactured state. Second. The term "rugs" and "mats" is simply the trade name for certain standard sizes of furs and has no meaning in any other sense than this. While they are not one separate skin, they are simply pieced out on the sides with a loose stitch and basted to bring them up to the standard of measurement. This stitch is absolutely worthless as far as being of any use in the manufacturing, it being necessary to rip the sewing, cut the "rugs" and "mats" apart, rematch them, and sew them before they are of marketable value, as far as manufacture is concerned. The principal reason for these furs being imported in these sizes is because the importer in this country is better able to ascertain what amount of material he is getting, than if he bought them in the regular skin shape, the skins being of variable sizes. Third. It requires just as much work to manufacture a robe or coat from these "rugs" or "mats" as it would to manufacture from natural-shaped skins. Fourth. The natural-shaped skins which are no further advanced than these "rugs" and "mats" can be brought in at 20 per cent, even though they may be dyed abroad. The fancy fur plates, such as squirrel, etc., even though dyed, can be brought in at the same rate of duty (35 per cent) as our "rugs" and "mats, "which we import in the undyed state entirely. PARAGRAPH 439-FURS. What we claim is that China goat and sheep "rugs" and "mats" and dog "mats, loosely basted together to make a standard size, not machine sewed, should be under a separate heading, so worded, at 20 per cent duty. In making this appeal to your committee, we beg to impress upon you the fact that this will reduce this class of skins to the old rate of duty, at which they were always entered under the old Dingley tariff; that the advance of 15 per cent made in the last revision of the tariff simply increased the cost of the manufactured article to the consumer, giving no protection to any manufacturer in this country, and that under the present tariff it would be advantageous for us to have our raw material dyed abroad instead of in this country, as we are doing now, and importing it in the dyed state, being able to do so without any increase in the tariff rate, and it could be stated in the separate clause, for China goat and sheep "rugs" and "mats" and dog "mats" loosely basted together to make a standard size, not dyed and not machine sewed, to be admitted at 20 per cent duty. This would protect our dyers and benefit us all, giving us a separate heading and not including us in the fancy fur schedule. We beg you to take this all into consideration and give the matter an unbiased decision. A. HOENIGSBERGER, Per DAVE HOENIGSBERGER. BRIEF OF DAWES & HANN, JOHNSTOWN, N. Y. JOHNSTOWN, N. Y., January 28, 1913. Washington, D. C. SECRETARY WAYS AND MEANS COMMITTEE, DEAR SIR: We are little manufacturers and can not come to Washington, but we would be very grateful if your committee would look into the matter of duty on furlined gloves. It seems to us that the duty should be just as much on furs when they are used as glove linings as on fur skins when we import them to be used here as glove linings. If we pay 20 or 35 per cent ad valorem should not this same duty be added to imported gloves when fur lined? Thanking you for your consideration, we beg to remain, DAWES & HANN. BRIEF OF CONRAD FUR CO., WINONA, MINN. The COMMITTEE OF WAYS AND MEANS, WINONA, MINN., January 30, 1913. Washington, D. C. GENTLEMEN: Permit us to add our little mite in the number of petitions with which we presume you are at the present time flooded. We refer to paragraph No. 439, under schedule 'N,' in the present tariff. We believe that the present rate of 35 per cent is altogether too high. Remember this one thing: The rich do not wear garments made from "sheep rugs" or "dog mats." The only people who wear this class of merchandise are the poorer western farmers in the Dakotas and throughout the Northwest; possibly, to some extent in the cities, the chauffeurs and street-car drivers, who are constantly exposed to the extreme cold and to whom a cheap, warm garment is a necessity. Take as an example a dog mat that costs a dollar down in the New York customhouse. It stands the importer $1.35. He figures 5 per cent profit on $1.35. We, the manufacturers, figure at least another 10 per cent when we sell the made-up article to the retailers. The retailer, in his turn, must add at least 25 per cent on his cost, so that ultimately the consumer pays at least from 40 to 50 per cent on top of the 35 per cent. We believe that this is an injustice to the consumer. The dressers and dyers do not need a 35 per cent protection, as far as the difference in the cost of labor is concerned, and it looks inconsistent to us that the rich, who wear Russian sables and other costly furs, pay no duty on these articles, simply because the skins come in raw. We believe that if it is necessary to retain a certain amount of duty on furs for the purpose of defraying the expenses of the Government, it would be better to put a certain amount of duty on raw sable skins, chinchillas, sea otters, broad tails, and other fine foreign furs-furs that are used almost exclusively by those to whom a difference of $10 or $100 doesn't amount to anything. Yours, very truly, CONRAD FUR Co., Per MAX A. CONRAD. PARAGRAPH 439-FURS. BRIEF OF AARON NAUMBURG, REPRESENTING THE HAT- The COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS, Washington, D. C. GENTLEMEN: This memorial is presented in behalf of the entire hatters' fur industry of the United States, composed of Jonas & Naumburg, New York City; H. & A.Chapal Freres & Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.; Bloch & Hirsch Fur Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.; Hitchcock, Dermody & Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.; Pellissier, Jeunes & Rivet, Brooklyn, N. Y.; H. Picard & Co., Newark, N. J.; Donner & Co., Newark, N. J.; Martin Bates, jr., & Co., South Norwalk, Conn.; American Hatters & Furriers' Co., Danbury, Conn.; J. W. Katz, Newark, N. J.; John B. Stetson Co., Philadelphia, Pa.; New England Fur Co., Fall River, Mass.; Waring Hat Manufacturing Co., Yonkers, N. Y.; Peck Fur Co., Danbury, Conn.; and Robinson Fur Co., Danbury, Conn. Its purpose is to convey, in a brief and concise statement, information for the benefit of the committee, in order that intelligent consideration may be given to those paragraphs of the existing tariff act affecting our industry. The industry is mainly centralized within a radius of 100 miles of New York City, employs over 3,500 persons in the various factories, and consists solely of removing the hair or fur from the skin of the rabbit, hare, nutria, and beaver, after opening, carding, cleaning, and other processes, and chemically treating it with a solution of nitric acid and quicksilver (or mercury), called "carroting," producing a product commonly known as hatters' furs. This product is sold to fur-felt hat manufacturers and is manufactured into fur-felt hats by a separate and distinct industry. The industry is affected under the act of August 5, 1909, by the following paragraphs: "Paragraph 439: Furs dressed on the skin, not advanced further than dyeing, but not repaired, twenty per centum ad valorem; manufactures of furs, further advanced than dressing and dyeing, when prepared for use as material, including plates, linings, and crosses, thirty-five per centum ad valorem; articles of wearing apparel of every description, partly or wholly manufactured, composed of or of which fur is the component material of chief value, fifty per centum ad valorem. Furs not on the skin, prepared for hatters' use, including fur skins carroted, twenty per centum ad valorem.' "Paragraph 573: Furs, undressed. "Paragraph 574: Fur skin of all kinds not dressed in any manner and not specially provided for in this section." From the statement heretofore made it will be observed that this industry consists of various incidental treatments, including carroting, of the fur of various small animals, and it therefore is apparent that it is the skins with the fur thereon of these various animals which forms the raw material and is the basic property of our product. All of this raw material is imported from other countries, principally the cold regions of Europe and Australasia. The fur used comes almost exclusively from animals not indigenous to North American climates, nor has it been possible to breed them in any climate but that of the above-mentioned countries and still retain the commercial characteristics of the fur proper (or fiber) which solely determines the use and value in the manufacture of hatters' furs. All of our product goes into the manufacture of fur-felt hats, and is purchased by hat manufacturers. The home consumption of hatters' furs during the past 20 years has not had a decidedly wide range, only increasing in slight proportions as the increase in the manufacture of fur-felt hats became stimulated by the demand of an evergrowing population; and yet the annual value of our production has undergone marked changes, due entirely to the wide fluctuations in the values of the skins in the foreign markets. This value has been regulated by the law of supply and demand, and the highest values have doubled the lower values as the markets changed, so wide has been the range. Indeed, it is only through liberal lines of credit extended by the domestic manufacturer and the ability to make quick delivery, that we are able to maintain our advantage over the European market. The duty of 20 per cent, standing by itself, is not sufficient to protect American labor against its foreign competitor. We are prepared to furnish the committee with the real facts respecting the cost of production in European factories, and our investigation proves that the labor cost in Europe is from 45 to 59 per cent less than the labor cost in the United States, which may be confirmed by data in your possession from Consular Reports, as well as absolute statistics in our possession. The European manufacturer has this additional advantage: Their factories are located in close proximity to where the fur skins are collected, substantially all the |