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Second Series.
RATIONAL THEOLOGY.
LETTER I.
Only three methods of proving existence of God-Existence of mind
required for order and adjustment
LETTER II.
Existence of evil-A Creator accepted-Arguments of Mill and Hume
LETTER III.
Darwinism-The original theory of evolution-Mr. Spencer's definition
of it-Essential axioms
LETTER IV.
PAGE
223
Evolution doctrine affirms descent from few progenitors-Rejects
heterogenesis-Systems of Linnæus and Cuvier-Definition of
species-Systems of Lamarck, Wallace, and Darwin-Owen's
system of derivation
LETTER V.
Beginnings of life-Ideas of protoplasm-Heterogenesis .
LETTER VI.
Professor Häckel's origin of life-Recent theories on embryology from
Von Baer to Balfour-Descent theory verified by comparative
anatomy-Argument from links-From geographical distribution
-From Atavism-From mimicry
LETTER VII.
Arguments in favour of evolution-The objections of Mivart, Tait,
and others considered
237
241
249
262
272
290
VOL. II.
LETTER VIII.
Description of geological strata, especially Eocene, Miocene, Pliocene,
and Pleistocene-Circumstances under which ancient mammals
are found associated together.
LETTER IX.
Artificial selection considered as an indication of natural selection-
Time-Progress of deposition of strata in Weald of Kent-Per-
sistence of force-Helmholtz's calculations-Rate of present date
of denudation-Thickness of stratified rocks
LETTER X.
Date of last glacial epoch-Dr. Croll's reference of changes to astro-
nomical conditions- Eccentricity of earth's orbit-Leverrier's
theory-No glacial period in Eocene-Conditions of early deposits
analogous to those of present day
LETTER XI.
Darwin often misunderstood-Eye of man, its adaptation-Contri-
vances in orchids-Natural selection alleged to produce instinct-
Mr. Murphy's objections-Mimicry
LETTER XII.
Man's mental and moral nature-No fundamental difference between
man and higher animals in their mental faculties-Savage man
has no power of abstraction-Natural selection fosters improve-
ment of language-Moral faculties-Mivart on highest sanction
of morality-Locke's theory of morals-Whewell's opposition to
dependent morality-Law of executive of right paramount-
Whewell on ethics of lying
LETTER XIII.
Lecky's argument for Intuitionists-His sentiments on utilitarian prin-
ciples-On love of virtue for its own sake-Instances of heroism
in inferior animals-Distinction between sympathy and love-Data
of ethics-Sympathy explained by law of evolution
LETTER XIV.
Transmission or heredity - Instances of Ancon sheep and Maltese
couple-Bud-variation-Huxley's concessions to teleology
I
16
27
39
50
65
89
LETTER XV.
Natural selection does not contradict teleology-Generation of aphis
and of jellyfish-Evolution as a theory necessitates heredity
LETTER XVI.
Professor Häckel's explanation of heredity-Spencer's theory of polar
attraction-Phases of repair of created beings-Darwin's hypo-
thesis of pangenesis-Structure of molecules
109
Third Series.
TRANSCENDENTAL THEOLOGY.
Common attacks on metaphysic-Guesses for solution of problems-
Theory of Descartes-Hobbes' argument-Locke's theory-Leib-
nitz's argument
Failure of Locke to explain origin of knowledge-Argument on forms
of sensation against Bain and H. Spencer
123
133
145
Ideas not coeval with sensation-Investigation of doctrine of Realism—
Philosophy of Berkeley-Locke on doctrine of external perception
152
Locke on consciousness of primary sensations-Bain's ideas of memory -Materialists desire to abrogate the idea of God
160
Herbert's test of Realism-Newton's theory of gravitation-Doctrine of persistence of force-Nebular hypothesis-Atheistical position
Evolution wrongly supposed to have superseded religious belief-Per-
sistence of force-Creation out of nothing-Opinions of Häckel,
Clifford, and Wallace
168
180
Herbert's examination of Realism continued-Views of Spencer, Bain,
and Carpenter
192
Matter not an ultimate reality-Criticism of Herbert-Huxley's theory
of automata
Experiments on pigeons and frogs-French sergeant wounded at
Bazeilles
No physical evidence of existence of consciousness-Effects of modern
science-Mechanical theory of perception-Our own knowledge
limited to phenomena
199
207
214
Influence of Hume on modern theology-Perceptions resolvable into
impressions and ideas-Physiological explanation of origin of
knowledge-Contradictions in Hume's reasoning-Hume's theory
of causation-Matter in motion alone supplies idea of cause
225
Nature of volition-Principle of causality in human actions-Schopen-
hauer's analysis of motives-Sidgwick's argument in favour of
Libertarianism-Constantly directed attention
PAGK
Cousin little studied in England-Divine nature of reason proved by
its universality, necessity, and infallibility-Idealism of Berkeley
brought forward-Scepticism of Hume-Theories of Whewell,
Hamilton, Herschel, Locke, Whately, Dugald Stewart, and Mill
Table of adverse arguments in favour of introspection-Law of oblivi-
scence Of inseparable association-Meaning of word inconceivable
-Actions of consciousness-Disagreement with H. Spencer.
Ontological and cosmological arguments for existence of God-Sketch
of Mentalists and Sensationalists-Synthesis effected by school of
Kant-His method of treatment of philosophy-Analysis of the
"Critic of Pure Reason"
257
269
276
LETTER XVII.
Kant's establishment of fact that subjective conditions govern all in-
telligence-All knowledge begins by experience-The dualism of
Kant-His system of classification-Categories-Development of
the ideal ego
LETTER XVIII.
Fate of many idealist systems of philosophy-Kant's doctrine of unity
of apperception-Kant not a relativist
LETTER XIX.
Kant's views as to validity of knowledge-His theory of causal
judgments-His views regarding moral freedom
LETTER XX.
Cosmological proof of God-Conclusion of analysis of Kantian philo-
sophy-Reply to Positivists, and proof that the wrong side where-
from to approach material problems is the biological or material
side
285
298
.
312
316