permission of women personally to act, doth very much enervate the auditory, and teacheth lust, while they would but feigne it." Fest. Notes, p. 272. They did, however, appear in the theatres of antiquity (See Cic. de Offic., i, 31; Plat. de Rep., p. 436. Fic.; Hor. Sat., II, iii, 60); but Shakespeare, who, like his contemporaries, attributed to all times the customs of his own, certainly thought of nothing more, when he gave these words to Cleopatra: The quick comedians Extemporally will stage us, and present Our Alexandrian revels; Antony Ant., v, 2. Shall be brought drunken forth, and I shall see Some squeaking Cleopatra boy my greatness I' the posture of a whore. Hart, Clun, and Burt played female parts when boys. See Historia Histrion., O. Pl., xii, 340, &c. James Duport, who translated the Psalms, &c., was much offended at the scandal of introducing actresses, and wrote some indignant Alcaics on the subject, which he entitled "In Roscias nostras, seu Histriones fœminas." They begin : Nec femininum nomen hypocrita, Esse viros decet histriones. Hos tantum habebant pristina sæcula, He concludes by giving a very singular Sin dramatis pars esse pergas, Non nisi κωφόν agas πρόσωπον. †To ACTUATE, v. To make active. 15. Let me rejoyce in sprightly sack, that can ACTURE. Apparently, for action. All my offences that abroad you see Are errors of the blood, none of the mind: Love made them not; with acture [i. e. in action] they may be, Where neither party is nor true nor kind. As true as steel, as plantage to the moon, Tro. & Cr., iii, 2. Dr. Johnson has remarked this sense, Away The one shall shun the other. White Devil, O. Pl., vi, 315. We'll be as differing as two adamants; Lyly, in a foolish sentence, founded on an error, has joined adamant in the sense of magnet, with the mention of a diamond. Euph., L. 2, b, and Euph., Eng. R. 1, b. Adamant is thus used so lately as in the English translation of Galland's Arabian Nights; and, what is more extraordinary, it stands unaltered in Dr. J. Scott's corrected edition (1810). In the story of the third Calendar we have this passage: To-morrow about noon we shall be near the black mountain, or mine of adamant, which at this very minute draws all your fleet towards it, by virtue of the iron in your ships; and when we approach within a certain distance, the attraction of the adamant will have such force, that all the nails will be drawn out of the sides and bottoms of the ships, and fasten to the mountain, so that your vessels will fall to pieces and sink. Vol. i, p. 254. As the word is now not current in this sense, it ought to have been changed to loadstone. +ADAMANTINE, adj. Intensely hard; impossible to be broken. Quoth he, My faith, as adamantine Or oracle from heart of oak. Hudibras, II, i. ADAM BELL, a northern outlaw, so celebrated for archery that his name became proverbial. Some account of him, with a ballad concerning him. and his companions Clym of the Clough and William of Cloudesley, may be found in the Reliques of ancient Poetry, vol. i, p. 143, and in Ritson's Pieces of ancient popular Poetry. Shakespeare is thought to have alluded to him in the following passages: Bened. If I do, hang me in a bottle like a cat, and shoot at me; and he that hits me let him be clap'd on the shoulder, and call'd Adam. Much Ado, i, 1. Young Adam Cupid, he that shot so him. Rom., ii, 1. See also O. Pl., vi, 19; viii, 413. A serjeant, or bailiff, is jocularly called Adam, from wearing buff, as Adam wore his native buff. Not that Adam that kept the paradise, but that Adam that keeps the prison: he that goes in the calvesskin that was killed for the prodigal. Com. Err., iv, 3. +ADAUNTRELEY. A term in hunting. At last hee upstarted at the other side of the water which we call soyle of the hart, and there other huntsmen met him with an adauntreley: we fol lowed in hard chase for the space of eight hours, thrise our hounds were at default, and then we cryed a slaine, streight so ho. The Returne from Parnassus, 1606. ADAW, v. To daunt, or to abate. Spenser. But yielded with shame and grief adaw'd. +ADAYES, adv. By day. You doe demaunde, my deare, beside, What mates adaies with me abide. Kendall's Flowers of Epigrammes, 1577. ADDICE. An adze or axe. I had thought I had rode upon addices between this To studies good addict of comely grace. +ADDICTION. His addiction was to courses vain. Shakesp., Hen. V. Try their addictions. Chapman, Hom. I., ii, 60. ADDITION. Title, or mark of dis tinction. They clepe us drunkards, and with swinish phrase Soil our addition. Haml., i, 4. This man, lady, hath robb'd many beasts of their particular additions; he is as valiant as the lion, churlish as the bear, slow as the elephant. Tr. & Cr.,i, 2. One whom I will beat into clamorous whining, if thou deny'st the least syllable of thy addition. Lear,ii,2. See Todd, No. 4. ADDOUBED, part. Armed or accoutred. Adouber, old French. See Roquefort. Was hotter than ever to provide himselfe of horse and armour, saying, he would go to the island bravely addoubed, and shew himself to his charge. Sidn. Arcad., p. 277. The 8vo. ed. of 1724 writes it addubed. Hence dubbed, as a knight. ADDRESS, v. To prepare, or make ready. I will then address myself to my appointment Mer. W.,iii, 5. So please your Grace, the prologue is addrest. Mids., v, 1. It is a word frequently used by Spenser, thus: Uprose from drowsie couch, and him addrest Unto the journey which he had behight. Sp., F. Q., II, iii, 1. ADELANTADO, Spanish. A lord president or deputy of a country; a commander. From adelantar, to excel or precede. Invincible adelantado over the armado of pimpled- +By and by these make readie the things for her, that shee might wash; 1 adhort them thereto, and they make readie with speede. Terence in English, 1614. ADJOINT, s. A person joined with another, a companion, or attendant. Here with these grave adjoynts, (These learned maisters) they were taught to see Themselves, to read the world, and keep their points. Dan. Civ. Wars, iv, 69. "Tis all for thee. +ADJUMENT, s. Help, assistance. Now if thou wilt to warre, if here th' art bent, What e're my art can adde for adjument, (Cease needlesse prayers) distrust not thine own strength, Virgil, translated by Vicars, 1632. The perfect and sound estate of the body (as wee may constantly assever of the soule) is maintained by the knowledge of a mans owne body, and that chiefly by the due observation of such things as may either bee obnoxious, or an adjument to nature. Optick Glasse of Humors, 1639. +ADJUTRICE. A female assistant. For, as I hope, Fortune (the adjutrice of good purposes) will give the same unto me, seeking diligently (so much as I am able to effect and attaine unto) after a temperature and moderation. Holland's Ammianus Marcellinus, 1609. +ADMIRAL OF THE BLUE, was an old popular term for a tapster, from the colour of his apron. As soon as customers begin to stir, The Admiral of the Blue, crys, Coming, sir. Or if grown fat, the mate his place supplies, And says, 'Tis not my master's time to rise. Of all our trades, the tapster is the best, He has more men at work than all the rest. Poor Robin, 1731. +ADMIRE. As a n. s. for admiration. When Archidamus did behold with wonder Man's imitation of Jove's dreadfull thunder, He thus concludes his censure with admire. Rowland's Knave of Hearts, 1613. †ADMITTANCE, was used by Shakespeare to signify the custom of being admitted into the presence of great personages. Merry Wives, ii, 2. +ADMIXT. Mixed up with. Her pure affections Are sacred as her person, and her thoughts Soaring above the reach of common eyes, Are like those better spirits, that have nothing Of earth admixt. Cartwright's Royall Slave, 1651. †ADOE. Difficulty, or reluctance. With much ado, unwillingly. And did enjoy her for an howre or two, But then departed, yet with much adoe. The Newe Metamorphosis, 1600. The age between +ADOLESCENCY. fourteen and twenty-one. For till seven veeres be past and gone away, he should not enter. B. Jon., Ev. M. out of H., v, 4. †ADOORS, adv. At the door, by the Also Alchem., act iii. ADHORT, v. To advise, or exhort. Julius Agricola was the first that by adhorting the door. Which (first) may I say's worst? Nor Juno faire, Downe high Olympus, Jupiter Went in adoores, not minding her. From which adultrate painted adoration †ADORNATION. An ornament; a de- +ADVAUNCER. The second branches Of pretty fond adoptious christendoms To gild, or adorn. ADORE, v. Like to the hore All's W., i, 1. Congealed drops, which do the morn adore. Spens., IV, ii, 46. Without adorne of gold and silver bright, +ADOWN, adv. Down. With that the shepheard gan to frowne, As present age, and eke posteritie Also, Terrified, v. O. Pl., i, 154. of the horn of a stag. Good forresters and skilfull woodmen, in beasts of †To ADVENE, v. Latin advenire. To come to; the Venus (saith one) spontan'ous doth advene Unt' all things: doth he not unt' all inea mean? Owen's Epigrams. ADVENTURERS. It was common in the reign of Queen Elizabeth for young volunteers to go out in naval enterprises in hopes to make their fortunes, by discoveries, conquests, or some other means. These adventurers, probably making amorous conquests a part of their scheme, vied with each other in the richness and elegance of their dresses. Sir Francis Drake, in his expedition against Hispaniola, had two thousand such volunteers in his fleet. To this Ben Jonson alludes under the name of the Island Voyage. I had as fair a gold jerkin on that day, as any worn Epic., i, 4. in the island voyage, or at Cadiz. Sp., F. Q., VI, v, 16. ADVENTURERS UPON RETURN. Those travellers who lent money before they went, upon condition of receiving more on their return from a hazardous journey. This was probably their proper title. See PUTterOUT; and the quotations there from Taylor the water poet. The sight whereof the lady sore adrad. ADREAMT. dreamed. Lupton's Thousand Notable Things. ADULTERATE is used for adulterous, Th' adulterate Hastings, Rivers, Vaughan, Grey. Lover's Complaint, Suppl., i, 751. [It is also used for adulterated.] +How hath that false conventicle of Trent +ADVENUE, s. A passage, or avenue. Then the lady made me rise, and (through an advenue +ADVERSACION, s. And of Englyshe with Peightes, I understand, Though time seem so adverse, and means unfit. AW's W., v, ADVERTISE. This word anciently had the accent on the middle syllable. How shall I doat on her with more advice, That thus without advice begin to love her. 2 Gent., ii, 4. Neither this word, nor the verb to advise, are quite obsolete in this kind of acceptation. †ADVISEFUL, adj. Attentive. Which everywhere adrisefull audience bred, +ADVISEMENT, 8. Care; resolution. And had not his wise guides advisement let, Virgil, by Vicars, 1632. +ADVOCATION. Pleading. Alas! thrice gentle Cassio, For death t'adward I ween'd did appertaine To noue but to the sea's sole soveraine. Ibid., IV, xii, 30. Peculiar to Spenser, as far as I have seen. +ÆMULOUS. For Emulous. And you your self, faire Julia, do disclose EQUIPARATE, v. Th' emperiall citie, cause of all this woe, Vicars' Virgil, 1632. AERY. See AIERY. +ESTIVE, ESTIVAL. Belonging to Estival solstice, the sum summer. mer solstice. Othello, iii, 2.ESTURE. A dul My advocation is not now in time. ADVOWTRY, or AVOWTRY. tery. Avoutrie, old Fr. This staff was made to knock down sin. I'll look +ADUST, adj. Parched; burnt. The ears are ingendred of abundance of matter, and such men have commonly a little neck, and fair; They be sanguine, something adust. And those men are very unpatient and prone to anger. When the ears be great, and right beyond measure; it is a sign of folly. Arcandam, bl. 1. +ADUSTION. Burning; drying up. Melancholy, may be easily commixed with bloud. Therefore if melancholy be mixed with bloud, it is called phlegmone scirrhodes: if choler (which then is conflated of both kinds) it is called phlegmone erysipelatodes: if fleame, it is termed phlegmone ædematodes. But of bloud, which is filthy and corrupted through the adustion and corruption of his owne proper substance, according to the manner of the thinnesse or thicknesse thereof. Barrough's Method of Physick, 1624. When adustion is to be used. Furthermore if (notwithstanding these burning medicines) the evill shall yet remaine, you must burne that place which is betweene the whole and corrupted member. But all these remedies are wont sometime to profit nothing at all, and then this is the onely helpe, although (as Celsus saith) it be a miserable helpe, that is, to cut off the member, which by little and little waxeth dead, that so the other parts of the body may be without danger. Ibid. ADWARD, for AWARD. Judgment; sentence. And faint-heart fooles whom shew of peril hard Could terrify from fortune's faire adward. Spens., F. Q., IV, x, 17. To ADWARD, v. To award. Rage. From the Latin æstura. It is a word often used in Chapman's Homer. 1. To AFFEAR. To terrify. 2. Each trembling leafe and whistling wind they heare, And ghastly bug, does greatly them affeare. Sp., F. Q., II, iii, 20. Hence the participle affear'd, for which afraid is now used, but which is very common in Shakespeare. Be not affear'd; the isle is full of noises. Temp., iii, 2. The spelling varies, as in other cases, sometimes with one f, and sometimes with two. To AFFEAR, or more properly AFFEER. An old law term, for to settle or confirm. From affier. Macb., iv, 3. Wear thou thy wrongs, His [Macbeth's] title is affeard. Hence affeerers, in our law dictionaries, are a sort of arbiters, whose business was to affirm upon oath what penalty they thought should be adjudged for certain offences, not settled by law. +AFFECTATE, adj. Affected, conceited. Accercitum dictum, an oracion to muche affectate, or, as we saie, to farre fet. Eliotes Dictionarie, 1559. TAFFECTED. Beloved. -in all the desperate hours Of his affected Hercules. Chapman, I., viii, 318. In the sense of affecta AFFECTION. tion. No matter in the phrase that might indite the author B. Jon., Case is Alter'd, act i. TAFFRAYER, s. One who raises affrays or riots. As namely, the statutes made for huy and cry after felons; and the statutes made against murtherers, robbers, felons, night-walkers, affrayers, armor worne in terrorem, riots, forcible entries, and all other force and violence; all which be directly against the peace. Dalton's Countrey Justice, 1620. AFFREND, v. To make friends; to reconcile. And deadly foes so faithfully affrended. AFFRET, s. ing. That with the terror of their fierce affret, Also violent impression : The wicked weapon heard his wrathfull vow, And passing forth with furious affret, Pierst through his beaver quite into his brow. Sp., F. Q., IV, iii, 11. +AFFRIGHTMENT, 8. A threat; a frightning. But here was your cunning; it appears most plainly, that you, thinking her to be of the trade, thought to make a prey of her purse; but since your affrightment could not make her open unto you, you thought to make her innocency smart for't. Mr. Gifford proposes to read here, AFFRONT, v. parenthetically, (The young affects in me defunct) Massing., vol. ii, p. 30. +Sturring the affects of admiration and commiseration. Sir P. Sydney's Apology for Poetry. It is certainly to be found in the singular, in the sense of inclination : So her chief care, as carelesse how to please Her own affect, was care of people's ease. England's Eliza., Mirr. M., p. 853. Shut up thy daughter, bridle her affects. O. Pl., iii, 16. +AFFINES, s. Relations, kinsmen. Rich Cabinet furnished with Varietie of Excellent +AFFIRMANCE, 8. An assertion. In law and reason, is much more credible. AFFRAP, v. n. To encounter, or strike down. Richard Brome's Northern Lass. AFFRONT, 8. A meeting. Green's Tu Q., O. Pl., vii, 95. AFFY, v. To betroth. And wedded be thou to the hags of hell, 2 Hen. VI, iv, 1. Sorano, 'tis ordained, must be affied Also to trust or confide: O. Pl., viii, 57. Marcus Andronicus, so I do affy Tit. And., i, 1. +Bid none affie in friends, for say, his children wrought his Warner's Albion's England, 1592. wracke. +AFLAUNT. Equipped or dressed in a Hee that of himself doth bragge, boast, and vaunt, Copley's Wits, Fits, and Fancies, 1614, p. 29. +AFORE was commonly used for before. E. Goe afore, for I know not the way. V. I doe observe you, sir, and therefore you may follow, if you please. The Passenger of Benvenuto, 1612. |