the opposition, and often the rebukes, of individuals, in public as well as in private. These stories are not without their importance, as shewing how little formality there was in the tone of addressing the master of the Roman world, and how entirely different the ideas of the nation were, with regard to the position occupied by the Cæsar and his family, from those with which modern associations have imbued us. We have already noticed the rude freedom with which Tiberius was attacked, although step-son of the emperor, and participating in the eminent functions of the tribunitian power, by a declaimer in the schools at Rhodes: but Augustus himself seems to have suffered almost as much as any private citizen from the general coarseness of behaviour which characterized the Romans in their public assemblies, and the rebukes to which he patiently submitted were frequently such as would lay the courtier of a constitutional sovereign in modern Europe under perpetual disgrace. On one occasion, for instance, in the public discharge of his functions as corrector of manners, he had brought a specific charge against a certain knight for having squandered his patrimony. The accused proved that he had, on the contrary, augmented it. 66 Well," answered the emperor, somewhat annoyed by his error, "but you are at all events living in celibacy, contrary to recent enactments." The other was able to reply that he was married, and was the father of three legitimate children; and when the emperor signified that he had no further charge to bring, added aloud: "Another time, Cæsar, when you give ear to informations against honest men, take care that your informants are honest themselves. Augustus felt the justice of the rebuke thus publicly administered, and submitted to it in silence. FATAL VISIT OF THE INCA TO PIZARRO AND HIS FOLLOWERS IN THE CITY OF CAXAMALCA. It was not long before sunset when the van of the royal procession entered the gates of the city. First came some hundreds of the menials, employed to clear the path from every obstacle, and singing songs of triumph as they came, "which in our ears," says one of the conquerors, "sounded like the songs of hell!" Then followed other bodies of different ranks, and dressed in different liveries. Some wore a showy stuff, checkered white and red, like the squares of a chessboard; others were clad in pure white, bearing hammers or maces of silver or copper; and the guards, together with those in immediate attendance on the prince, were distinguished by a rich azure livery, and a profusion of gay ornaments, while the large pendants attached to the ears indicated the | Peruvian noble. Elevated high above his vassals came the Inca Atahuallpa, borne on a sedan or open litter, on which was a sort of throne made of massive gold of inestimable value. The palanquin was lined with the richly coloured plumes of tropical birds, and studded with shining plates of gold and silver. Round his neck was suspended a collar of emeralds, of uncommon size and brilliancy. short hair was decorated with golden ornaments, and the imperial borla encircled his temples. The bearing of the Inca was sedate and dignified; and from his lofty station he looked down on the multitudes below with an air of composure, like one accustomed to command. His As the leading files of the procession entered the great square, larger, says an old chronicler, than any square in Spain, they opened to the right and left for the royal retinue to pass. Everything was conducted in admirable order. The monarch was permitted to traverse the plaza in silence, and not a Spaniard was to be seen. When some five or six thousand of his people had entered the place Atahuallpa halted, and turning round with an inquiring look, demanded, Where are the strangers? 66 At this moment Fray Vicente de Valverde, a Dominican friar, Pizarro's chaplain, and afterwards bishop of Cuzco, came forward with his breviary, or, as other accounts say, a Bible, in one hand, and a crucifix in the other, and, approaching the Inca, told him that he came by order of his commander to expound to him the doctrines of the true faith, for which purpose the Spaniards had come from a great distance to his country. The friar then explained, as clearly as he could, the mysterious doctrine of the Trinity, and, ascending high in his account, began with the creation of man, thence passed to his fall, to his subsequent redemption by Jesus Christ, to the cruci fixion, and the ascension, when the Saviour | he had received probably flashed across his left the apostle Peter as his vicegerent upon mind, he threw it down with vehemence, earth. This power had been transmitted to and exclaimed: "Tell your comrades that the successors of the apostle, good and wise they shall give me an account of their doings men, who, under the title of popes, held in my land. I will not go from here till they authority over all powers and potentates on have made me full satisfaction for all the earth. One of the last of these popes had wrongs they have committed." commissioned the Spanish emperor, the most mighty monarch in the world, to conquer and convert the natives in this western hemisphere; and his general, Francisco Pizarro, had now come to execute this important mission. The friar concluded with beseeching the Peruvian monarch to receive him kindly; to abjure the errors of his own faith, and embrace that of the Christians now proffered to him, the only one by which he could hope for salvation; and, furthermore, to acknowledge himself a tributary of the Emperor Charles the Fifth, who, in that event, would aid and protect him as his loyal vassal. Whether Atahuallpa possessed himself of every link in the curious chain of argument by which the monk connected Pizarro with St. Peter, may be doubted. It is certain, however, that he must have had very incorrect notions of the Trinity, if, as Garcilasso states, the interpreter Felipillo explained it by saying, that "the Christians believed in three Gods and one God, and that made four." But there is no doubt he perfectly comprehended that the drift of the discourse was to persuade him to resign his sceptre and acknowledge the supremacy of another. The eyes of the Indian monarch flashed fire, and his dark brow grew darker, as he replied: "I will be no man's tributary! I am greater than any prince upon earth. Your emperor may be a great prince; I do not doubt it, when I see that he has sent his subjects so far across the waters; and I am willing to hold him as a brother. As for the pope of whom you speak, he must be crazy to talk of giving away countries which do not belong to him. As for my faith," he continued, "I will not change it. Your own God, as you say, was put to death by the very men whom he created. But mine," he concluded, pointing to his deity-then, alas! sinking in glory behind the mountains -"my god still lives in the heavens, and looks down on his children." He then demanded of Valverde by what authority he had said these things. The friar pointed to the book which he held as his authority. Atahuallpa, taking it, turned over the pages a moment, then, as the insult The friar, greatly scandalized by the indignity offered to the sacred volume, stayed only to pick it up, and hastening to Pizarro, informed him of what had been done, exclaiming at the same time: "Do you not see that, while we stand here wasting our breath in talking with this dog, full of pride as he is, the fields are filling with Indians? Set on at once; I absolve you." Pizarro saw that the hour had come. He waved a white scarf in the air, the appointed signal. The fatal gun was fired from the fortress. Then springing into the square, the Spanish captain and his followers shouted the old warcry of "St. Jago and at them!" It was answered by the battle-cry of every Spaniard in the city, as, rushing from the avenues of the great halls in which they were concealed, they poured into the plaza, horse and foot, each in his own dark column, and threw themselves into the midst of the Indian crowd. The latter, taken by surprise, stunned by the report of artillery and muskets, the echoes of which reverberated like thunder from the surrounding buildings, and blinded by the smoke which rolled in sulphureous volumes along the square, were seized with a panic. They knew not whither to fly for refuge from the coming ruin. Nobles and commoners-all were trampled down under the fierce charge of the cavalry, who dealt their blows right and left, without sparing; while their swords, flashing through the thick gloom, carried dismay into the hearts of the wretched natives, who now, for the first time, saw the horse and his rider in all their terrors. They made no resistance-as, indeed, they had no weapons with which to make it. Every avenue to escape was closed, for the entrance to the square was choked up with the dead bodies of men who had perished in vain efforts to fly; and such was the agony of the survivors under the terrible pressure of their assailants, that a large body of Indians, by their convulsive struggles, burst through the wall of stone and dried clay, which formed part of the boundary of the plaza! It fell, leaving an opening of more than a hundred paces, through which multitudes now found their way into the country, still hotly pur sued by the cavalry, who, leaping the fallen | borla was instantly snatched from his tem rubbish, hung on the rear of the fugitives, striking them down in all directions. Meanwhile the fight, or rather massacre, continued hot around the Inca, whose person was the great object of the assault. His faithful nobles, rallying about him, threw themselves in the way of the assailants, and strove, by tearing them from their saddles, or, at least, by offering their own bosoms as a mark for their vengeance, to shield their beloved master. It is said by some authorities that they carried weapons concealed under their clothes. If so, it availed them little, as it is not pretended that they used them. But the most timid animal will defend itself when at bay. That they did not do so in the present instance, is proof that they had no weapons to use. Yet they still continued to force back the cavaliers, clinging to their horses with dying grasp, and as one was cut down, another taking the place of his fallen comrade with a loyalty truly affecting. The Indian monarch, stunned and bewildered, saw his faithful subjects falling round him without hardly comprehending his situ ation. The litter on which he rode heaved to and fro, as the mighty press swayed backwards and forwards; and he gazed on the overwhelming ruin, like some forlorn mariner, who, tossed about in his bark by the furious elements, sees the lightning's flash, and hears the thunder bursting around him, with the consciousness that he can do nothing to avert his fate. At length, weary with the work of destruction, the Spaniards, as the shades of evening grew deeper, felt afraid that the royal prize might, after all, elude them; and some of the cavaliers made a desperate attempt to end the affray at once by taking Atahuallpa's life. But Pizarro, who was nearest his person, called out with stentorian voice: "Let no one, who values his life, strike at the Inca ;" and, stretching out his arm to shield him, received a wound on the hand from one of his own men-the only wound received by a Spaniard in the action. ples by a soldier named Estete, and the un happy monarch, strongly secured, was removed to a neighbouring building, where he was carefully guarded. All attempt at resistance now ceased. The fate of the Inca soon spread over town and country. The charm which might have held the Peruvians together was dissolved. Every man thought only of his own safety. Even the soldiery encamped on the adjacent fields took the alarm, and, learning the fatal tidings, were seen flying in every direction before their pursuers, who in the heat of triumph shewed no touch of mercy. At length night, more pitiful than man, threw her friendly mantle over the fugitives, and the scattered troops of Pizarro rallied once more at the sound of the trumpet in the bloody square of Caxamalca. WM. H. PRESCOTT. THE APPLE DUMPLINGS AND A KING. [DR. JOHN WOLCOT (1738-1819) was a lively satirist, who, under the name of "Peter Pindar," published a variety of effusions on the topics and public men of his times, which were eagerly read and widely circulated. Many of them were in ridicule of the reigning sovereign, George III., who was a good subject for the poet; though the latter, as he himself acknowledged, was a bad subject to the king. Wolcot was born at Dodbrooke, a village in Devonshire, in the year 1738. His uncle, a respectable surgeon and apothecary at Fowey, took charge of his education, intending that he should become his own assistant and successor in business. Wolcot was instructed in medicine, and "walked the hospitals" in London, after which he proceeded to Jamaica with Sir William Trelawney, governor of that island, who had The social engaged him as his medical attendant. habits of the doctor rendered him a favourite in Jamaica; but his time being only partly employed by his professional avocations, he solicited and obtained from his patron the gift of a living in the church, which happened to be then vacant. The bishop of London ordained the graceless neophyte, and Wolcot entered upon his sacred duties. His congregation consisted mostly of market, the attendance at the church was very limited. Sometimes not a single person came, and Wolcot and his clerk-the latter being an excellent shot-used at such The struggle now became fiercer than negroes, and Sunday being their principal holiday and ever round the royal litter. It reeled more and more, and at length, several of the nobles who supported it having been slain, it was overturned, and the Indian prince would have come with violence to the ground, had not his fall been broken by the efforts of Pizarro and some other of the cavaliers, who caught him in their arms. The imperial times, after waiting for ten minutes, to proceed to the sea-side, to enjoy the sport of shooting ring-tailed pigeons! The death of Sir William Trelawney cut off all further hopes of preferment, and every inducement to a longer residence in the island. Bidding adieu to Jamaica and the church, Wolcot accompanied Lady Trelawney to England, and established himself as a physician at Truro, in Cornwall. He inherited about £2,000 by the death of his uncle. While resident at Truro, Wolcot discovered the talents of Opie The Cornish boy in tin-mines bred whose genius as an artist afterwards became so distinguished. ་ He wrote "Instructions to a Celebrated Laureas; "Peter's Pension;" "Peter's Prophecy;" "Epistle to a Fallen Minister;" "Epistle to James Bruce, Esq., the Abyssinian Traveller;"" Odes to Mr. Paine;""Odes to Kien Long, Emperor of China;""Ode to the Livery of London," and brochures of a kindred description on most of the celebrated events of the day. From 1778 to 1808, above sixty of these poetical pamphlets were issued by Wolcot. So formidable was he considered, that the ministry, as he alleged, endeavoured to bribe him to silence. He also boasted that his writings had been translated into six different languages. In 1795, he obtained from his booksellers an annuity of £250, payable half-yearly, for the copyright of his works. This handsome allowance he enjoyed, to the heavy loss of the other parties, for upwards of twenty years. In the following terse and lively lines, we have a good caricature sketch of Dr. Johnson's style: I own I like not Johnson's turgid style, Sets wheels on wheels in motion-such a clatter- THE APPLE DUMPLINGS AND A KING Dace on a time, a monarch, tired with whooping, A poor defenceless harmless buck- Where sat a poor old woman and her pot. The wrinkled, blear-eyed good old granny, In this same cot, illumed by many a cranny, Had finished apple dumplings for her pot: In tempting row the naked dumplings lay, When lo! the monarch, in his usual way, Like lightning spoke; "What's this? what's this? what, what?" Then taking up a dumpling in his hand, And oft did majesty the dumpling grapple: he cried ""Tis monstrous, monstrous hard, indeed! What makes it, pray, so hard?" The dame replied, Low curtsying: "Please your majesty, the apple." "Very astonishing indeed! strange thing!"— Turning the dumpling round-rejoined the king. ""Tis most extraordinary, then, all this is— It beats Pinette's conjuring all to pieces: Strange I should never of a dumpling dream! But, goody, tell me where, where, where's the seam? ": "Sir, there's no seam," quoth she; "I never knew That folks did apple dumplings sew;' "No!" cried the staring monarch with a grin; 'How, how the devil got the apple in?" On which the dame the curious scheme revealed By which the apple lay so sly concealed, Which made the Solomon of Britain start; Who to the palace with full speed repaired. And queen and princesses so beauteous scared All with the wonders of the dumpling art. There did he labour one whole week to shew The wisdom of an apple-dumpling maker; And, lo! so deep was majesty in dough, The palace seemed the lodging of a baker! DR. JOHN WOLCOT. WHITBREAD'S BREWERY VISITED BY THEIR MAJESTIES. Full of the art of brewing beer, The monarch heard of Whitbread's fame; Quoth he unto the queen: "My dear, my dear, Whitbread has got a marvellous great name. Muse, sing the stir that happy Whitbread made: He should not charm enough his guests divine, To treat the lofty ruler of the nation. Now moved king, queen, and princesses so grand, Who sometimes swills his beer and grinds his meat In a snug corner, christened Chiswell Street; His grace the Duke of Montague likewise, And fixed all Smithfield's wond'ring eyes: For lo! a greater show ne'er graced those quarters, Since Mary roasted, just like crabs, the martyrs. Thus was the brew-house filled with gabbling noise, Whilst draymen, and the brewer's boys, Devoured the questions that the king did ask; Some draymen forced themselves-a pretty luncheon- For whose most lofty station thousands sigh! Now majesty into a pump so deep Thus have I seen a magpie in the street, A chattering bird we often meet, A bird for curiosity well known, With head awry, And cunning eye, Peep knowingly into a marrow-bone. And now his curious majesty did stoop What's that?" So quick the words too, when he deigned to speak, As if each syllable would break its neck. Thus, to the world of great whilst others crawl, Our sov'reign peeps into the world of small: Thus microscopic geniuses explore Things that too oft provoke the public scorn; Yet swell of useful knowledge the store, By finding systems in a peppercorn. Now boasting Whitbread serious did declare, To whom with knitted calculating brow, On which, quick turning round his haltered head, Now did the king for other beers inquire, Now majesty, alive to knowledge, took Memorandum. A charming place beneath the grates For roasting chestnuts or potates. Mem. 'Tis hops that give a bitterness to beer, Hops grow in Kent, says Whitbread, and elsewhere. Quære. Is there no cheaper stuff? where doth it dwell? Mem. To try it soon on our small beer'Twill save us several pounds a year. Mem. To remember to forget to ask Old Whitbread to my house one day. Mem. Not to forget to take of beer the cask, Now having pencilled his remarks so shrewd, To Whitbread now deigned majesty to say: "Grains, grains," said majesty, "to fill their crops? Grains, grains?-that comes from hops-yes, hops, hops, hops?" Here was the king, like hounds sometimes, at fault"Sire," cried the humble brewer, "give me leave Your sacred majesty to undeceive; Grains, sire, are never made from hops, but malt." |