land of strangers, and consigned to an un- know the real state of the case, told the nun cease," would Mary Beatrice say, when adverting to these circumstances, "to reproach myself for my childish importunity, which led to such bad results for my mo At last her reluctance was overcome; part of the fine jewels, valued at 20,000/.ther." was presented to her, and the marriage by proxy took place. It was not, as she herself afterwards declared, without floods of tears that she yielded to her mother's commands, which she had never before ventured to dispute.' On her journey, landing, and reception in England, her affectionate treatment by Charles II. as long as he lived, and other public events, we need not dilate. Of her personal feelings it is said: 'Forty years afterwards, Mary Beatrice spoke of this separation from her mother as the greatest her spiritual duties; for she thought more of pleasing him than serving her God, and that it was sinful for any one to love an earthly creature as she had loved her husband; but that her fault brought its own punishment in the pain she suffered at discovering that she was not the exclusive object of his regard. The poor little Queen of Spain, at this moment, is hardly in a less disagreeable pre-trial she had ever known at that period of dicament. Well, but 'five days after the her life; but,' added she, after her desolemnization of her espousals with the parture I became very much attached to Duke of York, Mary Beatrice completed the late king my husband, who was then her fifteenth year; and it must be confessed, Duke of York, and my affection for him that she conducted herself with no more re- increased with every year that we lived togard for her newly acquired dignity as a gether, and received no interruption to the bride, than if she had been ten years young-end of his life. Her fondness for him at er when the time was appointed for her to that time, she confessed, amounted to an commence her journey to England, she engrossing passion, which interfered with cried and screamed two whole days and nights, and it was only by force that she could be kept in bed. Nothing, in fact, would pacify her, till her mother consented to accompany her to England, and the duke her brother part of the way. The Earl of Peterborough, who does not appear to be at all aware of these perversities on the part of the virgin Duchess of York, and was by These were a widow's memories. no means desirous of such additions to his their marriage, James's amours, however, travelling party as would compel him to de-caused her great grief, till she learnt to a part entirely from the programme arranged certain extent to submit, without violent both by the king and the duke for the home-reclamation, to an evil she could not reme ward journey, tried vainly to dissuade the dy. At the birth of her first child [Jan. Duchess of Modena from this resolution. 10th, 1675], the following novel and singuHe says, "the time for the departure being lar story is told from the Chaillot reminiscome, the duchess-mother would by all cences: means accompany her daughter into England, and it could not be diverted by any means, although it proved chargeable to her, and of ill consequence to her concerns." Mary Beatrice, however, who had reason to At her first-born should be brought up in a reli'Mary Beatrice was, of course, desirous that rion which she had been taught to venerate bove all others. Her husband, though he desired it no less, knew that it was impossible, 224 [OCT. to be treated with at Mrs. Caddells, and four pints of wine and ain coach, for which 341. 16s. is disbursed by the corporation;' a startling sum to southern eyes, were it not for the remembrance that the pounds are only 'punds Scots,' which the gentle reader will be pleased to reckon at the rate of twenty pence, instead of twenty shillings. and explained to her, 'that their children were | den, his highness's comptroller, condescends the property of the nation; and that soon after their marriage it had been moved in parliament that they should be brought up in the established religion of the realm, like his two elder daughters, the princesses Mary and Anne, or they would be taken from them and placed under the care of others. It was, besides, the pleasure of the king, to which they must submit. The youthful mother, like a rash, inconsiderate girl as she was, determined to have her own way, in spite of king, bishops, and parliament. A few hours after the birth of her babe, she took an opportunity of sending for her confessor, Father Gallis, and per suaded him to baptize it privately on her own bed, according to the rites of the Church of Rome. When her royal brother-in-law, King Charles, came to discuss with her and his brother the arrangements for the christening of the new ex-born princess, Mary Beatrice told him exultingly that her daughter was already baptized." King Charles treated the communication with absolute indifference, and without paying the slightest regard to the tears and expostulations of the young mother, who was terrified at the thought of being the means of incurring a sacrilege through the reiteration of the baptismal sacrament, he ordered the little princess to be borne with all due solemnity to the Chapel-royal, and had her christened there by a Protestant bishop, according to the rites of the Church of England.' The 29th of the same month was the day appointed for this banquet. Some junketting with the duke's cooks, and treating them and other of the officials in the culinary depart ment of his royal highness's establishment at Holyrood palace, took place previously, it appears, probably for the purpose of obtaining a few hints from them tending to enlighten the Scottish operatives as to the modes of cookery and sauces in vogue at St. James's and Whitehall. Charges there are in the corporation accounts for wine and cannel' (cinnamon) water, drunk with those worthies in the back shop of Robert Mein, mutchkins of canne! water, wafers, and wine. rough almonds;' and there is to ane coach with the duke's cooks 21., and spirits with them in Patrick Steel's 11. 128.; for all which the corporation pays without grudge or grumble; also for twelve pounds of confections, which Sir John Wor lock, pastryman, barter, and burgess of EdinA few items in the bill of Maister R. Polburgh, for articles furnished by him "for ane treitt to his hayness the Duke of Albanie," affords satisfactory proof that the science of good eating was pretty well understood "in the good town" in the seventeenth century. No lack was there of dainties, although the barbaric grandeur of gilded salmon pasties, and dishes garnished with gold fringe, savored rather of oriental than northern taste, and may astonish the refined gastronomes of the present day. There was a large turkie py, all over gilded rubby (ruby), with boned veyl and boned turkie furnished," for which twelve pounds (Scots) are charged, just one pound sterling, a very reasonable charge for such a dish, emblazoned, as it certainly was, with the royal arms of Scotland, and all correctly done by a professional, withal-witness the item in another bill of twenty pounds paid "to George Porteous, the herald, for gold, gilding, and painting." Then there is "a large ham pie, with a batton of gold, 16.; a large salmon this dainty was composed we confess our ignopie, gilded; and a potailzie pie." Of what rance, but it was decorated with a gold fringe. "A lambe's py, alamode." We should suspect the duke's cooks had a finger in this dish, and perhaps in the next, which from its Italian highness's especial eating-viz., "a Florentin name, was doubtless provided for her royal with a gilded cover," for which the charge is twelve pounds Scots. "A shrimp py with vermilliane color," also figures at this feast. "A venison pasty of your awn venison;" that is to say, venison furnished by the good town; but first, it should seem, presented to them by other bill, 261. Scots, is allowed for drink his royal highness, by the token that, in anmoney to those who brought three venisons. Three large venison pasties are charged by Richard Pollock in his bill, by which we understand the paste and other ingredients, 161. Scots, and 124. ditto. There are also "three trotter pies, gilt," a dish that appears to have found favor in the sight of the royal guests, for they had trotter pies at their coronation are diet pies, furnished with all sorts of confections, and alamode teirts, and dishes of banquet in Westminster Hall. Then there large minched pies, and panterits; no less than thirty dozen of French bread for the table, and other things, amounting to 4441. 13s.; after which appears the supplicatory appeal Remember the drink money.' This is only a specimen of the pastryman's labors for the good town's treat. Some idea of the meats furnished forth on this occasion may be gathered from Mrs. Caddell's bill, whereof the first article is 'cockelike,' meaning no other than the favorite dish of bonnie King Jamie, immortalized by Sir Walter Scott in 'The Fortunes of Nigel' under the scarcely more intelligible orthography of cockieliekie, a compound of which a full-grown fowl forms the basis.' Trotters are now sold hot to the poorer classes in the streets of London; but are, nevertheless, dainties enough to deserve restoration to more luxurious tables: and as for cockieliekie, when properly concocted, with leeks, from the carcass of a fine old cock (whence the name), it is one of the best soups in the cuisine of any country. Soyer himself could not beat it. At this period, too, the author refers to a curious source of traditional error in regard to many relics in Scotland. For ex ample, on their visit to the ducal palace at Leslie (destroyed by fire in 1768), we read: who had known her when she dwelt among them; but when that generation passed away, and the descendants of old cavalier and Jacobite families found, among the hoards of granddame or ancient aunt, trifles that had been treasured as memorials of Queen Mary, they forgot the intermediate queen-consort so called, and invested all such heir-looms with the distinction of relics of her whose name, in spite of Knox or Buchanan, will be superior in interest to any other, while a spark of chivalry lingers in a Scottish bosom.' From the Britannia. TRAVELS IN SOUTH AFRICA. Life in the Wilderness; or Wanderings in which NOTHING can be more original and animated than this narrative of travel in the wilds of South Africa. It opens to us a 'Nor was the Leslie devoid of classic inter-new region and a new state of existence. It est, for the village fane occupies the site of one is one of those works issued now and then of more ancient date, celebrated by the poet- which every one will be eager to read, and king of Scotland, James I., as 'Christ's kirk on the green.' There is a tree on that green, called King Jemmy's tree,' which village tradition boldly affirms to have been planted by the royal bard; a fond conceit, since the tree, a stunted oak, has not assuredly seen two centuries, and is scarcely old enough to favor the more probable notion that it is a memorial of the last and most unfortunate of all the Scottish monarchs who bore the fated name of James Stuart, planted by him during his visit with his consort, Mary d'Este, at Leslie House, in the autumn of 1680. Tradition has also made some blunders in confusing relics and memorials of the consort of James II. every one will be delighted with. The author, with three companions, left Graham's Town in April, 1844, to explore the wilds that lay to the north of the British possessions at the Cape. The party consisted of the four gent emen, and ten or They had twelve Hottentot attendants. three wagons well stored with all necessary baggage and provisions, about fifty oxen, thirty horses, and some dogs. It inspires one with a strange kind of emotion to hear of this little party boldly with those of Scotland's fair and fatally cele- venturing into the wilderness, exploring an brated sovereign, Mary Stuart, whose name unknown region, trusting themselves in the hallows many gloves, fans, watches, etuis, and heart of savage and unreclaimed deserts, cabinets with other toys not older than the abounding with all descriptions of ferocious close of the seventeenth century. The long life, for the mere love of adventure and novwhite glove embroidered with black silk, for elty. For a supply of food they trusted instance, now exhibited in the museum of the chiefly to their guns and the swiftness of Antiquarian Society of Edinburgh, as the veritable glove of Mary Queen of Scots, if it their horses, for water to the streams and ever did belong to a royal Mary Stuart, per- fountains that crossed their track, and for tained to her who was entitled to that name forage to the grass and herbage that were only in virtue of her marriage with James generally met with in abundance. Their Stuart, Duke of York, and was possibly worn travel lasted for eight months, yet during by her when in mourning for her little daugh-the whole of that time they seem to have ter the Princess Isabella. The mistake has suffered nothing from scarcity. They were naturally arisen from the fact, that when James succeeded to the crown of the Britannic generally well supplied with one kind of empire, his consort bore the title of Queen game or another. Mary in Scotland as well as England; and in Scotland her name was dear to a generation By the Orange and Maraqua rivers they met with the best sport and with the most magnificent scenery. In the waters they preceding evening, had come across the met with crocodiles and hippopotami; on oxen, and sprung on the nearest. We the banks, in thick jungles, with elephants, traced his spoor all along the road to the lions, rhinoceroses, leopards, and panthers, scene of slaughter, and on the retreat after and in the more open country with herds of it. He had not eaten a morsel, which was buffaloes, deers, and giraffes. Their spor- some satisfaction to our feelings. The first ting excurions were attended with all the scuffle had evidently been violent, for the excitement of danger, but none of the party ground was much indented by it. This were seriously injured, though they often having been the outside ox, and the wind lost their cattle from the ferocious attacks blowing from the rest, they had not smelt of wild beasts. From April to December their dreaded foe, and had only run a little they lived in the freedom of savage life, and way off, else they would not have stopped returned at last to the Cape in the enjoy- for many miles. Execrations and cries for ment of excellent health, and highly delight-revenge were universal; so, forming a large ed with their travel in the wilderness. Our extracts from this entertaining volume must necessarily be scattered. The author kept a journal, and has here reproduced it almost verbatim. All his details have the rough force of the life he led, and are marked by the high spirit in which he wrote. On the 30th of June, while encamped near the Vaal river, he made his FIRST ACQUAINTANCE WITH A LION. party, we started in pursuit of the lion, attended by some good dogs. With the greatest difficulty we followed his track over sand and stones, by the assistance of Hottentot eyes; but even these would in one or two cases have failed, if a sagacious dog, perceiving our object, had not run on the scent, stopping constantly to see if we advanced, as if conscious of the fierce creature we were pursuing. The search became at intervals very exciting, when the spoor led into a glen of long dead grass, or rushes; but, whether purposely or not, the lion always left us to windward, so that his nose would inform him of our approach; and after a fatiguing, unsuccessful chase, the sun growing very hot and our stomachs craving for breakfast, we resought our wagons. Before daybreak I was roused from my slumber in the tent by Bain saying, 'Something has got hold of an ox,' and, listening, heard the poor creature bellow and moan piteously, but in a kind of stifled tone. The horses had all been fastened to the wagon wheels, but the oxen, having had a hard day's work, had been allowed to lie loose The habits of the king of beasts are not during the night. In the course of half an of that noble order which naturalists forhour the grey light was, we judged, suffi- merly ascribed to him. In the daytime he cient for our porpose, and three of us, well will almost invariably fly from man, unless armed, sallied forth in the direction of the attacked, when his courage is that of minoutcry, to reconnoitre. We marked a crow gled rage and despair. I have seen the hovering, and by its guidance soon discov-lion, suddenly roused from his lair, run off ered one of the best oxen lying dead. We as timidly as a buck. It is said that even approached with caution, and a quick-sight- at night they do not like to seize a man ed Hottentot pointed to the large print of a from a party, especially if the persons exerlion's foot in the sand just by us. The lion cise their voices; and that the carcase of an had attacked the ox in the rear, and fasten- antelope, or other game, may be preserved ed his tremendous claws in the poor wretch's untouched by hanging some stirrups on a side, one having pierced through to the in-branch near, so that the irons may clash totestines; he had then bitten him in the gether when blown by the wind: a white flank, and, to show the prodigious power of handkerchief on the end of a ramrod is anthe monster's jaws, the thigh joint was dis-other receipt for effecting the same object. located, the hide broken, and one of the The lion is a stealthy, cunning brute, never largest sinews snapped in two, and protrud-attacking unless he has the advantage, and, ing from the wound: having thus crippled his victim, he had, apparently seized him by the throat and throttled him. We could discern that the cattle had all been sleeping together when first surprised, and the lion, following on the trail of some Grique horsemen, whom he had met on the relying on his vast strength, feels sure of the victory. The natives tell incredible stories of his sagacity, which would almost make him a reasoning animal. There are well authenticated cases on record of lions carrying away men at night from the fireside, but these are quite the exception. They are gregarious, as many as 20 having been seen in a troop. Balked of our revenge, we started for the next water, but first of all we carefully cut up, and stowed away, all the flesh of the dead ox, leaving only the entrails, which vultures and crows would speedily devour, and dragging the hide behind the last wagon, that the assassin might follow and be entrapped. We came to a pool, called Papkuil's fountain, surrounded by low clumps of brush and long grass, well fitted to be the head quarters of felis leo. Two guns loaded with slugs were secured to stakes near to the water, their muzzles protruding through some bushes, cut and placed so as to conceal them: a string was then attached to the triggers, and fastened to a large piece of meat, in such a manner that any creature laying hold of it would discharge the gun in his face. Care was taken that there should be no path but in front of the battery, and twilight had begun to fade when all our preparations were completed. Much trouble was experienced in tying up the oxen and horses; one young ox broke away, and was of necessity abandoned to his fate. Good fires were made, a slight hedge of thorn boughs was formed round our camp at the least secure point, and supper over, we all retired to bed. an inch thick. The fires were anew supplied with fuel, and a watch set; the profoundest silence, broken only by the deep breathing of the oxen, reigned again; and, being thoroughly chilled, we nestled once more under our warm blankets. On inspecting the trap in the morning we found, to our grievous disappointment, that a bad cap had prevented the principal gun from exploding; and that the small one had gone off, but missed its aim-the meat bore the marks of a claw, but was none of it eaten. The ox which had deserted was found uninjured, but the white one showed several severe scratches upon his neck, which swelled extremely. We resolved to wait another day, and prepare for the lion. The lion, however, escaped them; but in the night they shot a large hyæna. THE LION'S HABITS. The lion was heard in the night. Contrary to prevailing notions, there is nothing very grand or loud in this animal's voice while prowling at night; it is a suppressed, panting roar, expressive of grea impatience: when they approach very near, their purr can be distinguished, and the sensations produced, both on man and beast, by this sound breaking the silence of night in an uninhabited wilderness, it is impossible to describe; though they must be entirely referred to a prior knowledge of the lion's habits and voice. I have heard the lion roar very loudly, but it is not a common occurrence; the natives pretend to understand his language, and describe by it whether he is hungry or satisfied. The country was here thinly inhabited by Bushmen, who rejoiced in the advance of the white population, as they drove the wild beasts farther into the interior. A short notice is given of the general habits of At about 2 A. M. Hendrick, ever wakeful, shouted out, There stands the lion! shoot!' and, before we could jump from our beds, the discharge of a gun was heard. The horses and cattle had been very uneasy for some time previously, snorting, and struggling to get free: one horse actually broke his halter and ran away, but was brought back by Frolic. It is miraculous how both escaped from the lion, which then must have been prowling round us. On emerging we saw the oxen, like so many pointers, with their noses in one direction snuffing the air; and found that an old white ox, which had not been fastened up on account of his age and docility, but merely driven amongst the rest, had strayed about thirty yards from our camp, to nibble some The habits of the Bushmen are migratograss, and had been assailed by the enemy. ry and unsettled, and, depending in so Piet said that he saw the brute on the ox and fired, whereupon he relinquished his prey and fled, and the poor terrified ox hurried back to the waggon and his comrades; where he began stretching out first one leg, then another, as if engaged in a surgical examination of his limbs. The air all the while was piercingly cold, and a basin of water in the tent had a coat of ice upon it THE BUSH PEOPLE. great a degree upon game for their subsistence, they rarely associate together in large numbers. Their arms consist of assegais, and bow and arrows, the latter poisoned by a vegetable extract from a species of amaryllis, or by the poison of snakes or poisonous insects; the shaft of the arrow is of reed, bound at either end with sinews, and the point, commonly of bone, is so made |