"Your services were necessary to me. You | was in vain. We have adverted to this alone could read, speak, and understand transaction chiefly for the credit which it English. Nevertheless, I request you, and reflects on the governor. It shows his in case of need, command you, to require the governor to send you to the Continent. He cannot refuse, because he has no power over you, except through the voluntary document which you signed. It would be great consolation to me to know that you were on your way to more happy countries." vigilance to have been constantly necessary; it also shows him to have been willing to regard Napoleon's convenience when it was possible; and it further shows that he was not destitute of the sagacity which was so fully required in dealing with the coterie at Longwood. Napoleon's habits of dictating his memThis letter was carried by Bertrand to oirs must have been formidable toil to his the governor for Las Cases, and "the wished secretaries. He sometimes dictated for for effect was produced on Sir Hudson twelve or fourteen hours, with scarcely an Lowe, as soon as he saw the terms in which intermission. He spoke rapidly, and it was the Emperor expressed his regret." We necessary to follow him as rapidly as he are fairly entitled to doubt the sincerity of spoke, and never to make him repeat the the wish; for on Sir Hudson's offering to last word. His first dictation was a mere let Las Cases remain at Longwood, a new revival of his recollections, without any obstacle instantly arose,-the Count de-order. The copy of his first dictation clared that "to remain was utterly impos- served as notes to the second, and the copy sible;" his honor was touched; he ab- of this second became the subject of his solutely must go; or, as Count Montholon personal revision; but he, unfortunately for describes this happy punctilio,-"Unfor- his transcribers, made his corrections tunately, Las Cases, influenced by extreme almost always in pencil, as he thus avoided susceptibility of honor, thought himself staining his fingers-no woman being more bound to refuse the governor's offer. He careful in preserving the delicacy of her felt himself too deeply outraged by the hands. insult; he explained this to the grand- Those dictations must be regarded as marshal, and we were obliged to renounce the studied defences of Napoleon against the hope of seeing him again." Then came the heavy charges laid against his governthe finale of this diplomatic farce. "Itment. was in vain that the emperor sent Bertrand We have now given a general glance at and Gourgaud to persuade him to renounce the career of the French Emperor, as exhis determination; he was resolved to leave hibited to us in these Recollections. He the island; and on the 29th of December, strikingly showed, in all the details of his 1816, he quitted St. Helena." government, the characteristics of his own We have but little doubt that the whole nature. Impetuous, daring, and contemptwas mystification. The gross folly of send-uous of the feelings of mankind, from the ing a secret dispatch by the same man of first hour of his public life, his government color who had been detected by the gov-was, like himself, the model of fierceness, ernor, and threatened with punishment for violence, and disregard of human laws. the attempt to convey a letter; the bustle Whatever was to him an object of ambition, made on the subject at Longwood; the re- was instantly in his grasp; whatever he fusal of Las Cases to comply with Napo- seized was made the instrument of a fresh leon's request to remain, which, if it had seizure; and whatever he possessed he been sincere, would have been equivalent mastered in the fullest spirit of tyranny. to a command; and the conduct of Las He was to be supreme; the world was to Cases immediately on his arrival in Europe, be composed of his soldiers, his serfs, his publications and activity, amply show courtiers, and tools. The earth was to be the object of his return. But a simple ar-only an incalculable population of French rangement on the governor's part discon- slaves. There was to be but one man free certed the whole contrivance. Instead of transmitting Las Cases to Europe, Sir We find, in this romance of power, the Hudson Lowe sent him to the Cape; where romance of his education. It has been he was further detained, until permission often said, that he was Oriental in all his was sent from England for his voyage to habits. His plan of supremacy bore all Europe. On his arrival, Napoleon's days the stamp of Orientalism-the solitary were already numbered, and all dexterity pomp, the inflexible will, the unshared upon the globe, and that man Napoleon. power, and the inexorable revenge. The reverses since the fall of Rome; and the throne of the empire was as isolated as the ruler of France was plunged into a depth seraglio. It was surrounded by all the of defeat, a bitterness of degradation, an strength of terror and craft, more form- irreparable ruin, of which the civilized idable than battlements and bastions. Its world possesses no example. His army interior was as mysterious as its exterior destroyed in Russia by the hand of Him was magnificent; no man was suffered to who rules the storm-the last forces of his approach it but as a soldier or slave; its empire massacred in Belgium-his crown will was heard only by the roaring of can- struck off by the British sword--his liberty non; the overthrow of a minister, the pro- fettered by British chains-the remnant of clamation of a war, or the announcement his years worn away in a British dungeon, of a dynasty crushed and a kingdom over- and his whole dynasty flung along with run, were the only notices to Europe of the him into the political tomb, were only the doings within that central place of power. incidents of the great judicial process of But, with all the genius of Napoleon, he our age. The world has been suffered to overlooked the true principles of suprem- return to peace; while the sepulchre of acy. All power must be pyramidal to be this man of boundless but brief grandeur, secure. The base must not only be broad, has been suffered to stand in the midst of but the gradations of the pile must be reg- that nation which most requires the great ular to the summit. With Napoleon the lesson-that ambition always pays for its pyramid was inverted-it touched the earth splendor by its calamities; that the strength but in one point; and the very magnitude of a nation is in the justice of its councils; of the mass resting upon his single fortune, and that he "who uses the sword shall exposed it to overthrow at the first change perish by the sword!" of circumstances. Still, he was an extraordinary being. No man of Europe has played so memorable a part on the great theatre of national events for the last thousand years. The French Revolution had been the palCOLONIZATION OF THE HOLY LAND-A socipable work of Providence, for the punish-ety has recently been formed, entitled The British ment of a long career of kingly guilt, and Foreign Society for Promoting the Colonizaconsummated by an unparalleled act of perfi- tion of the Holy Land. The Committee of Mandy, the partition of Poland. The passions of agement contains many names of distinction-as men had been made the means of punish-jor Marten; the Rev. Stephen Isaacson; F. O. Lord Albert Conygham; Mr. Ewart, M.P.; Maing the vices of government. When the Fliebner, of Leipsic; Mr. Aglionby, M.P.; Mr. cup was full, Napoleon was sent to force it Buckingham; the Rev. T Dale, canon of St. upon the startled lips of Prussia, Austria, Paul's; Dr. Von Esser, Brussels; Monsieur Aland Russia. The three conspirators were The object of this society is to turn the attention bert, Paris; Henri Everard, Heidelberg; &c. crushed in bloody encounters-the capitals of England to the Holy Land, as a most desirable of the three were captured-the provinces country for colonizing. Its peculiar situation, so of the three were plundered-and the accessible by the Mediterranean; its fine climate, military pride of the three was humiliated and fertile districts; its location on the way, as a by contemptuous and bitter conditions of sort of half-way resting-place, towards our Indian territories; its desirableness, as forming a bul peace. wark against the progress of Russia, invited by But, when the destined work was done, the weakness of Turkey. It is argued that there the means were required no more. When is a growing and now very general desire amogst the victims were broken on the wheel, the wheel and the executioner were alike burried from the sight of man. The empire of France was extinguished by the same sovereign law which had permitted its existence. The man who had guided the empire in its track of devastation-the soul of all its strength, of its ambition, and its evil-was swept away. And as if for the final moral of human arrogance, France was subjected to a deeper humiliation than had been known in the annals of national | ber of our journal. the Jews to return thither; and that in many parts of the world there are large classes of Jews who are purely agriculturists, and therefore just the people to flourish there; that, whereas some years ago there were but about 2000 Jews resident in Palestine, there are now about 40,000. mote the removal merely of Jews there, but of This society, however, does not propose to proEnglish or other Europeans. Many high authori ties are quoted amongst our travellers and journalists, as the Times and the Foreign Quarterly Review, as earnest advocates for this measure. We shall endeavor to give a more extended notice of this striking association in an early num (From the Edinburgh Review.) more wordly considerations, exclaimed against the great and intolerable burden THE LONG PARLIAMENT AND SIR SI-of ship-money,' the imposition of which, MONDS D'EWES. 1. A Journal of the Parliament begun November 3d, Tuesday, anno Domini 1640, anno 16mo Caroli Regis. By Sir Simonds D'Ewes, Bart. Harleian MSS. 162 to 166. Brit. Mus. 2. The Autobiography and Correspondence of Sir Simonds D'Ewes, Bart. Edited by J. O. HALLIWELL, Esq. Two vols. 8vo. London : 1845. at the mere pleasure of the crown, made the farmers faint, and the plough to go heavy't against coat and conduct money; against the compulsory demand for arms,people being threatened, if you will not send your arms, you shall go yourselves;' and against the giant, the monster griev - ance of at least seven hundred Monopolies. These,' it was said, 'like the frogs of Egypt, have gotten possession of our dwellings, and leave scarce a room free from We think that it might help to forward them. They sup in our cup, they dip in useful purposes, if we should succeed in our dish, they sit by our fire; we find them fixing the attention of our readers, for a in the dye-vat, wash-bowl, and powderingshort time, upon that memorable company tub; they share with the butler in his box; of English gentlemen, which assembled at they have marked and sealed us from head Westminster on Tuesday the 3d of No- to foot. They will not bate us a pin. We vember, 1640. History has assigned to may not buy our own clothes without their them collectively the name of the Long brokage.' The House was appealed to for Parliament;' and prejudice and ignorance justice against the great oppressions prachave given to the majority of them, as indi- tised in Ireland; against the cruelties of viduals, other appellations less just and less the Star-Chamber; the open breaches of agreeable but time will relax even the ad- the privileges of Parliament, the illegal canhesiveness of slander, and to its gentle in-ons, the Et cetera Oath; the subserviency fluence we will leave them, whilst we endea vor to recall a few of the scenes and incidents in which they were engaged. Au authority, too long overlooked, enables us to do so, with more particularity than of those who have hitherto written upon the subject. any even of the Judges who had overthrown the Law; the harshness of the Bishops who had forgotten the Gospel. Every member, as he rose, added his quota of complaint to the general mass; and as the sum-total of grievances gradually increased, the speakers glanced to the Achitophels' and Hamans' out of whose misdoings the mighty accumulation of wrongs had arisen. The Long Parliament proceeded to business on the 7th of November, 1640. The first blow was struck at the greatest Within a very few days afterwards, troops of horsemen, bearing petitions for redress of them all. Strafford was suddenly imof grievances, flocked into London, peached and committed to the Tower; and from far distant countries;* and this was done, and many Committees which grave, sober men descanted with solemn earnestness were appointed to consider the grievances upon many enormities in Church and State. brought to notice, were all actively at work, in less than a week,-a proof of predeterSome poured out their lamentations over the attempts made in high places to evapor-mination and preparedness altogether un' ate and dispirit the power of religion, by paralleled in the history of popular movedrawing it out into solemn, specious formalities; into obsolete antiquated ceremonies A Fast-Day, with a general reception of new furbished up' others were indignant followed; and thus we are brought on to the Lord's Supper in Westminister Abbey, that all of the religion' were branded under the name of Puritans, so that whosoever Thursday the 19th of November. If we squares his actions by any rule, either could look down upon the House as it apdivine or human, he is a Puritan; whoso-peared between eight and nine o'clock in ever would be governed by the King's laws, the morning of that Thursday, we should he is a Puritan; he that will not do what- see a considerable number of diligent members already congregated. soever other men would have him do, he is a Puritan.'t Others, again, affected by * Whitelocke's Memorials, 38. + Nalson, i. 452. ments. Prayers have been said. Speaker Lent prove, that there were then assembled Hampden, Digby, Hyde, Falkland, Culpepper, Bagshaw, Deering, Grimston, Hollis, Nathaniel Fiennes, Sir John Hotham, and several others of celebrated name. hall, a Barrister of small practice, returned | benches were Henry Martin, Waller the for Gloucester, and very unexpectedly Poet, Miles Corbet, and Sir Thomas Bowthrown into the position of the First Gen-yer; Sir Arthur Hazlerig and Holborn tleman of England, is seated in a comfor-usually sat in the gallery. These are all table cushioned receptacle, surmounted by the Members whose accustomed places we the Royal Arms. The House is sitting in have been able to ascertain; but the subSt. Stephen's chapel,—a long narrow cham- sequent proceedings on that very morning, ber of the fourteenth century, with a western entrance, and a large eastern window; in advance of the middle of which, at the distance of some few feet, stands the Speaker's Chair. The members are seated on rows of benches placed parallel to the walls And now, a grave and somewhat stately of the Chapel, and rising, as in an amphi- gentleman, having taken the oaths in the theatre, from an open space in the centre adjoining apartment, before Sir Gilbert Gerof the floor. We pass into the House by rard, the Lord Steward's Deputy, is ushered an avenue between rows of benches, and into the House. He is introduced to the under a Members' Gallery, the ascent to Speaker by Sir Nathaniel Barnardiston, one which is by a ladder' placed at the south of the members for Suffolk, and a distinern, or right hand corner of the House guished leader amongst the Puritans. The as we enter. Under the gallery sits the new member is just thirty-eight years of 'learned' Selden, one of the representa- ago, a man of formal precise demeanour; tives for the University of Oxford, and quite self-possessed and self-satisfied. He Maynard—' honest Jack Maynard'a law- takes his seat on the front bench, on the yer who had suddenly risen into eminence, left hand of the Speaker, just opposite the under the auspices of Noy, the framer of the writ for ship-money. Maynard was now stepping into a good deal of the practice of his deceased patron; but it was not until politics had aided his professional advancement, that his gains, upon one circuit, amounted to the then unparalleled, and, in the estimation of a rival practitioner, almost incredible sum of £700. Maynard sat for Totness. As we advance beyond the gallery, we pass, on our right hand, the usual seat of Pym, one of the members for Tavistock, and the recognised leader of the The business before the Hosue related popular party. On the floor of the House, to a contested return for Great Marlow. at some little distance in front of the Speak- Maynard was reporting from a Committee, er's Chair, stands the Clerk's Table, at that the question turned upon the right to which are seated, facing the entrance, vote of certain Almsmen. The House was Henry Elsyng, whose name shortly after- divided in opinion whether they should wards flew all over the three kingdoms, have voices or no. Up starts the new as the authenticator of parliamentary man- member,-dilates, after the frequent style dates, and who is ridiculed in Hudibras of maiden speeches, upon the birth-right of as Cler Parl. Dom. Com. ; and, on his left the subjects of England, and moves that hand, John Rushworth, the compiler of the poor should have a voice.' At a subthe Historical Collections,' who had been sequent period of the same day, St. John recently admitted Clerk-Assistant. At the moved for a Committee, to examine certain upper end of the front bench, on the Speak-records appropriate to the case of the Earl er's tight, sits the elder Vane, treasurer of of Strafford. Nothing could be more fortuthe King's household; and on the same side nate for the maiden member. Records of the House, Sir Edward Herbert the So- were his peculiar study and delight. He licitor-General, Sir Thomas Jermyn, Sir hastened to confide his attachment to Mr. Benjamin Rudyard, Sir John Evelyn, Sir Speaker,-quoted 46 Edw. III. Rot. 2. No. Harry Mildmay, Strode, St John,-soon to 43, as a precedent in St. John's favor,succeed Herbert as Solicitor-General,-and and was rewarded by the House, which was Alderman Pennington. On the opposite then, as it is now, always ready to derive end of the Clerk's table, with an evident determination to enter into the business before the House. He gives a nod of recognition to 'old Cage,' Bailiff of Ipswich, and one of the members for that borough, who is sitting just behind him; and also to Squire Bence,' a merchant of that county who was returned for Aldborough: and then, drawing out pen, ink, and paper, commences Note-taking. This action reveals that he is near-sighted, and apparently has lost the sight of one eye. amusement from the gratification of any strange taste of an honorable member, by being put upon St. John's Record Committee. A more promising commencement of a parliamentary career has seldom been known; and whilst the honorable member plied his task of Note-taking, no doubt the questions ran round the House, Who is he? What is he member for?' To many of our readers the answer will convey but little information. 'It is Sir Simonds D'Ewes, member for Sudbury.' In vain stands he chronicled in the Biographia Britannica, and other similar Collections, the compilers of which have from time to time been guilty of 6 The fond attempt to give a deathless lot To names ignoble, born to be forgot.' His name arouses no echo in the hearts of those who read it; it is not a name to conjure with; and therefore all attempts to preserve it from the inevitable doom have necessarily failed. And yet he was a man of some consideration in his own day; and it is essential to our present purpose that we should convey to our readers some impression of his character. come. worth at that time, about £1700 per annum. Being thus established for life, he married the only daughter of his old Chamber-fellow, Richard Simonds,-then of the age of fourteen; he himself being probably_nearly three times that age. Simonds D'Ewes was the eldest son of that marriage, and was born at Chardstock on the 18th December 1602. Until his eighth year, he was brought up by his grand-parents, and was the spoiled child of an affectionate grandmother, and the pet and pride of his jovial grandfather. In 1611 both those worthy people died; and Master Simonds was transferred to the care of his money-loving father, and of an amiable pious mother, who was a convert and a disciple of the celebrated Gifford of Malden. D'Ewes saw but little of her, for she died in 1618, before his education was completed; but that little sufficed to fix in his mind the seeds of her deep religious feelings. Affection for her memory became the medium by which his heart was opened, to receive the deep things of Puritanical divinity. His father destined him for the profession which himself had deserted, and, by a great abuse, he was entered of the Middle Temple when in his ninth year; so that nine years afterwards, when he first went into Commons, he found himself, stripling as he was, 'Ancient' to above two hundred members of the Inn. During his legal studies, he suffered many things from the penuriousness of his father; whose income from his office, and from acquired property, was now As his son's In order to do so we must go back to about the year 1575, when Richard Simonds and Paul D'Ewes were Chamberfellows in the Middle Temple. Simonds, who was much the elder of the two, was a jovial merry man, of little eminence as a lawyer, but with sufficient practice to produce a competent, if not a considerable in-near upon £3000 per annum. He married respectably, purchased guardian, he had received the considerable an estate at Coxden in the parish of Chard-personal estate which old Mr. Simonds had stock, in Dorsetshire, spent his vacations bequeathed to his grandson; but all went there, (for in those days lawyers slept be- into one common stock,-the young Temtween term and term,) maintained a liberal plar being kept for years without a study, hospitality, kept a cellar well stocked with and upon a very insufficient allowance, 'cider, strong beer, and several wines;' which it was not always easy to obtain. and had moreover one only child, a daugh- When he complained, he was answered by ter, whom he loved, as Polonius says, 'pass- alarming threats of a young wife and disining well' Paul D'Ewes was a man of a heritance. His only enjoyment was derived very different character. He also was bred from his Commons in the Temple, which to the Bar, but his talent lay in the dis- in those days was a kind of substitute for a covery of profitable investments for the Club. patrimony which he inherited from his citizen-father. In his hands money made money; and it was his delight to watch it, and to encourage it, whilst in the act of accumulation. Preferring the safe to the pursuit of the brilliant, he abandoned the chances of legal practice, and sunk his fortune in the purchase of the office of one of the six Clerks in the Court of Chancery, In the meanwhile, his natural genius began to develope itself. He discovered, to use his own words, that records, and other exotic monuments of antiquity, were the most ravishing and satisfying part of human knowledge;' he also discovered, that his surest refuge from the discomforts occasioned by his father's parsimony, was to be found in a monied wife. To the Common |