1706, John Scot was disowned for marrying one not a member of the Society as certifyed to by James Jordan, Henry Wiggs, Rich Jordan, Ben" Jordan, Richd Rattclift Junr., Sam Cornwell, Jno Took, Matt" Small, Dan Sanburn, Isaac Rickes, Thomas Page, Richd Rattcliff, Sr., Robt. Jordan, Matt Jordan, Jn° Jordan Jno Small, Jn° Porter, Ben Small, Ben Chapman.

John Harris on 12 of 7 mo 1706 acknowledged having attended the marriage of Jno Scot & Joan Tooke on a first day after meeting in the meeting house at the Leavy neck and having signed their certificate.

William Scot the Elder sent a testimony on the same day against his sons manner of marriage.

John Rattcliff acknowledged attending the wedding of Wm Oudelants [date and name of bride not dated].

[one page torn out.]

Francis Briddell acknowledged signing a "Paper of Tho. Sikes wch was in the Roame of A Certificate Concer takeing of his wife in that Disorderly manner" [name and date not stated].

Jn° Denson made a similar acknowledgment.

(To be continued.)

REVIEWS AND NOTICES.

THE SCOTCH-IRISH OR THE SCOT IN NORTH BRITAIN, NORTH IRELAND AND NORTH AMERICA. By Charles A. Hanna. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 2 vols. O. pp. ix+il.+623, 2 maps, and iv+il.+602, 1 map; cloth, $10.00

net.

These sumptuous and beautifully printed tomes remind the reader of the preacher who being taxed with the reproach that he could not keep to his text replied, "My next sermon shall confute you," and when preaching time came announced as the subject of his discourse "Much every way." So the author of these volumes announces that they are to serve as an "introduction to a series of historical collections which the writer expects hereafter to publish relating to the early Scotch-Irish settlements in America." Let us devoutly pray that these forthcoming collections will have more order and system; more of balanced historical spirit and less of partisan rancour than is found in the present effort.

These volumes well illustrate also the evils and the pitfalls to which the muse of history is exposed because, forsooth, she has not seen fit to surround herself and her worshipers with a thick web of technical terms and a jargon of professional idioms which protect and defend the science of medicine, of law and of theology from the incursions of the uninitiated. Evidently without historical training but filled with enthusiasm for Scotland and things Scotch, fired by the oratorical rantings of ignorant speakers in the ScotchIrish Congresses, abounding with zeal for Presbyterianism and with equal hatred of England and the system of church worship established there, the author has vainly imagined that he was thoroughly equipped for writing the history of a great people.

This compilation, for it cannot be called a history, opens with a series of chapters in which pretty nearly everything that has been worth notice in America is claimed for the Scotch, and pretty nearly every body who has contributed anything to American life is proved to be of Scotch ancestry. This may all be admitted as true and yet it proves nothing, for the author forgets that under the conditions of settlement in our country it would have been both impossible and undesirable to have kept races apart and all that is here claimed for the Scotch might with as much historical accuracy in many cases be claimed for the Welsh, the Irish, the English or the Huguenot and the same persons cited to prove the contention. As the author shows, the English are themselves a people of mixed antecedents and as for the Scotch and Scotch-Irish we learn from these volumes that the latter term is used in a geographical and not an ethnological sense, but we are nowhere informed as to the ethnic origin of these folk, whether they are Saxon or Norse or Celt, or all of the above or neither. In fact the author time and again writes as if no distinction were to be drawn between Highlanders and other Scotchmen and the history of the Highland Scotch settlement around Fayetteville, N. C., is given with as much detail as is that of Charlotte, "the Hornet's nest" of the Revolution, which has become immortal through the Mecklenburg Resolves.

The first volume is devoted mainly to the history of the Scots in Scotland and North Ireland, from the earliest times. The first hundred pages of Volume I. and one hundred and thirty pages in Volume II. are devoted to a rapid, insufficient and unsatisfactory survey of Scotch-Irish settlements in America. These summaries follow in the main the outline of that history as given in such works as Foote's Sketches of Virginia and North Carolina, which are purely local in character. In the present work the effort to be encyclopaedic and to include a great mass of unessential local details over

burdens the main historical narrative and degrades it from the dignity of a general philosophical history to the level of a contribution to a local society.

Much the greater part of Volume II. is taken up with reprints of documents extending all the way from Hamilton's speech in defense of Zenger, the printer, to extracts from the Irish annalists and Norse Sagas, the Ragman Roll, the tombstone poetry of the Scottish martyrs, an essay on family names, and lists of Scottish peers, bishops and members of the Scottish Parliament. There is a Scotch-Irish bibliography which is a jumble of primary and secondary sources and an excellent index so far as it goes but which would have been infinitely more valuable had the author been willing to pay the price and save the reader the worry of looking through nineteen lists instead of one.

There is added to Volume II. a valuable map, showing the location of Scotch-Irish settlements in the American colonies. The tone of the author is to be commended most highly when he protests against the exclusive writing of American history by "the New England School." Johnson's prediction in his Life of Greene, as quoted here, has, unfortunately, come true, "that in future time, the States that have produced the ablest writers will enjoy the reputation of having produced the ablest statesmen, generals and orators." (II. 181). Such has been the fortune of New England. The present volumes, despite the many grave defects which have been pointed out in part, will do service by showing students that there were others who contributed to the making of America besides the Puritan and the Cavalier.

THE LOYALISTS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. By Claude Halstead Van Tyne, senior fellow in the University of Pennsylvania. New York: The Macmillan Company. 1902. D., pp. xii+360, index, cloth, $1.50.

This book represents what is almost a new field in the history of the American Revolution. It is not a series of bio

graphical sketches of the leading Tories, like Sabine's American Loyalists. It is not made up of a number of journals of the exploits of Tory leaders like Fanning and Cunningham. It does not undertake a history of the Revolution either on the military or civil side. It does undertake a connected study of the fortunes of the Tory party as a whole. As we get further from the events of that period it becomes more clear to thinking men that the Revolution was hardly less a civil war than a struggle against the mother country. It is much more accurate to call the Revolution a civil war than it is to characterize the struggle from 1861 to 1865 by that name. In the latter sections were arrayed against each other and while there were Southern men who joined the North they went for the most part into its armies and fought an open warfare while during the Revolution the body politic was permeated through and through and in every part with British sympathizers and many of the battles, especially in the South, were literally struggles of neighbors against each other.

Dr. Van Tyne shows in his opening chapters how the Tory element grew out of the well-to-do, well-behaved, conservative class of citizens who were satisfied with the old order. As a matter of fact it was the patriotic party which had to be and was created by its leaders, while the excesses in which the democratic mob was prone to indulge drove many who were indifferent or even favorably disposed into the ranks of the conservatives. There were a few pronounced and aggressive leaders on either side. The desperate conflict between the extremists of the Whig and Tory parties for the control of the vast indifferent majority of the people of the colonies was a political and social struggle of quite as much significance, as the military campaigns between the British and patriot forces. The origin of the Loyalist party; its persecution by the better organized patriots; the disarming, imprisoning, and final banishment of the unsuccess