the officers of the society for their skill and energy in obtaining means and developing a museum, but the historical wing painfully needs bolstering.

CHANCE OR HEREDITY?-A most remarkable lineage is that of Joseph Woodward, the first English settler of South Carolina, presented by J. M. Barnwell in News and Courier (Charleston, S. C.), Feb. 22, 1903. As gathered from the meager records, Woodward came with a party to Port Royal in 1664 to study the Indian life and language. He seems to have been a man of force and intelligence and was of great service in dealing with the natives, and rapidly won the favor of the Proprietors "by his industry and hazard," and was given land and office. His descendants in the male line were soon extinct, but through the female members he numbers among his progeny the following eminent instances: three South Carolina governors; four U. S. Senators; six U. S. representatives; three S. C. attorney generals; two military generals; four bishops, and a most distinguished Baptist preacher; four State judges; a millionaire and a poet of reputation; one-tenth of the honor graduates of the S. C. College up to 1861; three college presidents; two prominent editors; and one-tenth of the local authors as listed in dictionaries. If it is possible to get such vast genealogical data on other early emigrants, it would be interesting to follow out the blood of some typically obscure one and compare results. A few studies of the sort would give more safe conclusions than volumes of the average "heredity" speculations.

THREE REVOLUTIONARY MEMORIALS.-In South Carolina it is claimed are two historic likenesses of Washington; an exact marble statue of him by Houdon, possessed by the State government in Columbia, and a silk woven portrait in the hands of a volunteer militia company of Charleston.

Less than half a dozen copies of the latter are known to be in existence. They were made at the celebrated Jacquard loom, of Lyons, France, in 1855. One of these was presented by the firm to the Charleston organization in 1876, through the efforts of Hon. W. A. Courtenay.

The third reminder of those early days is the sword of the famous cavalry officer, Tarleton, which was captured by General Wade Hampton and is now owned by the family of his descendant, the last Wade Hampton who used it during the Civil War.

THE OLDEST College Walls in U. S. are those of the main building of William and Mary at Williamsburg, so claims her president in his Quarterly of January, 1903. Though they have passed through three fires (Oct. 29, 1705; Feb. 8, 1859; Sept. 9, 1862), he thinks, from their substantial character and from documentary proof, that they have survived the attacks of flame and time from the very beginning. It is entirely reasonable to believe so when we consider the thickness of the main wall. It is 30 inches through in the basement and 24 inches in the first and second stories. Harvard is of course earlier in origin, but none of her first structures exist in any part at all.

EARLY INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES.-Perhaps the first instance in the U. S. of a commercial canal is the Santee canal in South Carolina, opened in 1800, and designed to connect practically all of the State with the chief seaport, Charleston. A full account of it appears in News and Courier, Feb. 15, 1903, prepared over a quarter century ago by Prof. F. A. Porcher who believed that the history of the venture shows that the people then had "the spirit of enterprise" but that they lacked "administrative ability."

EARLIEST ORCHARD IN WEST VIRGINIA.-Quite an interesting discussion has been developed in the Trans

allegheny Historical Magazine of July, 1902, and January, 1903, on this point. A lease of some of his Ohio river land by George Washington in 1774 stipulated that an orchard should be started within 7 years, but no evidence is yet adduced that this was done. Then a letter of an old settler was discovered in which he spoke of eating apples stolen from an orchard near Morgantown. This was thought to have been written between 1773 and 1784. So much for documentary proof, but Mr. H. Maxwell gives a bit of material testimony. He had counted the rings in an old apple tree indicating a growth back to 1775, which he feels rather sure is the earliest date for that fruit in W. Va.. But not all trees can be judged in that way for age. But the case rests at this stage.

THE FIRST BORN OF SOUTH CAROLINA are said to be Robert Tradd, boy, and the mother of Edward Moran, according to S. C. historical Magazine of January last (p. 77). The girl is claimed to have been the earlier born.

EARLY SLAVEHOLDING.-It appears from the Va. Magazine for January (p. 235) that as early as 1782 the bulk of slaves must have been in the hands of a few masters. Out of 410 owners in Westmoreland county, and 4,536 slaves, one man had 112 slaves and another 278. Taking the largest owners, 21 of them totaled 1,455 slaves, or nearly one third of the aggregate, or one twentieth of owners possessed about one third of slaves.

REVIVAL OF GEORGIA BRANCH OF CINCINNATI.-Last October 18, in New York, this State Society was re-admitted to the original order, after a lapse of more than a century. It became extinct in 1796 and its fund was transferred to the main body in 1852. It has taken several years to re-animate the local association.

NORTH CAROLINA HALL OF HISTORY.-Col. Fred A. Olds has been largely instrumental in filling the "Hall of History" in the State Museum in Raleigh with articles illustrative of all the periods of life in North Carolina, as province, colony and State, from the Indian life to the very present. There is a rich collection of Indian relics, illustrative of life in war and in peace of home life, the chase and the combat. There are colonial relics in large numbers, and many of the Revolutionary period. Of the civil war period the collection is unusually interesting, and the same is true of the war with Spain. All the uniforms and personal effects of Brig. Gen. James Johnston Pettigrew, whose North Carolina division went "farthest at Gettysburg," are shown, also the headquarters' flag of Major Gen. Bryan Grimes, which was the last one displayed at Appomattox. There are Revolutionary cannon, those of the civil war and captured ones from Manila and Santiago, all handsomely mounted. The collection of arms of all periods is very large. There are to be 60 cases in the room and 20 are already filled. The hall is 100 by 40 feet and 45 feet high, with ceiling of native pine in the national colors and highly polished, and is a noble room. Mrs. Adelaide Bagley, the mother of Ensign Worth Bagley, who was the only naval officer killed in the war with Spain, has given to the Hall of History his uniform and other effects, which fill a case.

THREE SOUTHERN HISTORIES DESIGNED.-Prof. R. H. Dabney is to write a history of Reconstruction in the South. Prof. George P. Garrison is to write a history of Texas for the Commonwealth series, (Houghton, Mifflin & Co.) a series that has been at a halt for a number of years. Mr. Albert Phelps will treat Louisiana for same series.

GENERAL GEORGE MOORMAN, Adjutant General of the United Confederate Veterans, died suddenly of congestion

of the lungs in New Orleans, December 16, 1902. He was born of Virginia and South Carolina lineage in Davies county, Ky., June 1, 1841. After an education in the common schools he settled in Missouri to practice law and engage in politics. When the civil war began he entered the Confederate army of Missouri, then later crossed the Mississipi and served every day of the struggle, in every branch, in every grade from private to colonel. After the surrender, he was public official as sheriff and U. S. marshall, also a planter and business man. But his energies of late years were largely devoted to the Confederate Veterans. The organization is the best testimonial of his character as he conceived it, started it and nourished it from some 300 camps to nearly 1,500 with a membership of about 60,000. It was a heavy burden resting upon him, but he cheerfully discharged all the duties without a cent of compensation. He was busy with the details of the reunion in New Orleans this spring when he died. Col. William E. Mickle, Mobile, Ala., has been appointed Gen. Moorman's successor.

CONFEDERATE FLAGS.--Those in the possession of the War Department in Washington have been recently arranged in order in a small room of the building numbering some 160 in all. It will be recalled that a wave of protest was aroused during President Cleveland's first administration when he ordered the return of these trophies to the former owners. So strong were utterances against this step that he countermanded his order, and these emblems have remained untouched. There seems now no desire on the part of old Confederates to get them back, neither is it likely any objection would be raised to sending them back.

THE COST OF FASHIONABLE HISTORY.-It took $6,000 for the last annual Congress of the D. A. R. Adding an average of $100 for personal expenses of the 1,000 delegates, we get an aggregate of over $100,000 for this meeting, all for the cause of history, so claimed. And yet a member of the