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ing much unexploited material on Texas, and the archives of the diocese of San Antonio.

Of interest in this connection is the paper of Professor George P. Garrison printed in the first volume on "Southwestern history in the Southwest." This paper deals mainly with the work of the University of Texas and of the Texas State Historical Association, with the great mass of valuable documentary materials stored there and with the work of a few of the leading students.

There is no doubt more historical activity in Texas than in any other section of the Southwest, but a richer or more romantic field could hardly be found than New Mexico. Moreover there are some signs of an awakening interest in things historical in that section, but it is as yet largely without intelligent direction. The New Mexico Historical Society with headquarters at Santa Fé has quite a large collection, mostly archaeological in character. It has also many books, pamphlets and newspapers published in or about the Territory since the beginning of the American domination, but they are poorly housed, ill arranged and sadly neglected. The same may be said in general of the manuscript archives of the Territory. These are many in number and rich and valuable in their contents, but with a few exceptions they do not extend back of the Pueblo Rebellion of 1680. Their neglect under some former administrations was shameful in the extreme. The one act of the administration of Governor Pile (1869-71) which gives him an unenviable remembrance is that he actually sold these precious records at so many cents a pound to the town grocers for wrapping paper! Some perished in the burning of the old capitol; those that have survived vandalism and fire, after being carted from place to place, lying in basements, &c., now rest at last in the Secretary of State's office in the new Capitol.

The recent efforts of the Library of Congress to obtain possession (or custodianship) of the documents containing

the history of the Spanish ownership of the Southwest besides provoking controversy has served the good purpose of awakening New Mexicans to the value of the historical treasures they possess. Under the stress of pressure from Washington a bill was put through the New Mexican upper house of assembly in March of the present year which provided for the transfer of these papers to Washington, the time and condition of their return to the Territory being practically left in abeyance. It was explained that this bill passed the council under fear that the Federal Government might take the records anyhow. At the instance of the Historical Society the bill was held up in the lower house until such amendments could be secured as would provide for the safe return of these records to the Territory and without expense to it after one year for the documents which are local and personal in their nature and after five years in the case of those which are of more general interest. It is understood that the Federal Government wishes to translate and publish the more important documents. The debates in the Historical Society developed the fact that there is a strong sentiment against sending these documents out of the Territory at all. It was even argued that there should be a law to prevent the export of archaeological materials of any kind; that all things which will throw light on the past should be kept within the Territory-an excellent idea were the Territory able to offer such other facilities to students as this scheme would necessitate.

The meetings of the Historical Society itself have not altogether risen above the stage of garrulous reminiscences. Still there are signs of improvement. At a recent meeting Prof. E. L. Hewitt of Las Vegas gave a talk on the old mission churches of New Mexico in which he showed that the churches of the Territory are much older than those of California to which so much care has been given. The oldest in California is that of San Diego dating from 1769, the

oldest in New Mexico is the one at Pecos, near Santa Fé, dating from about 1600; the one at Jemez is only a few years younger and San Miguel in Santa Fé goes back to 1650.

Local pride in Santa Fé claims that the Indian village occupying its site, Po-o-ge, was visited by Coronado in 1540 and that he laid the foundations of the Spanish town. In a well prepared and carefully worked out paper on this subject, based on contemporary authorities, Coronado, Jaramillo and Castañeda, Mr. R. J. Barnes proves beyond question that Coronado could never have been on the site of Santa Fé but that his line of march was from Bernalilo to Cicuyé, near the modern Glorietta, some twenty miles to the south of Santa Fé.

But to turn from the sections of the Report which deal with the Southwest to other papers: In his inaugural address Mr. Charles Francis Adams in a paper entitled "An undeveloped Function," pleads for the more extensive study of political history and the discussion of live political subjects in the historical spirit. Miss Lucy M. Salmon advocates the establishment of an American school of historical studies in Rome. Mr. Robert T. Swan, Commissioner of Public Roads of Massachusetts, tells of the efforts that are being made in that State under a general law requiring the protection of public documents to safeguard not only the public records of the State government, but also the records of the towns and counties. The picture of neglect, waste and destruction which he presents is harrowing to students and if so in Massachusetts what must be the case in other less careful States! Mr. Herbert Putnam discusses the position and aims of the Library of Congress and its relations to research in the United States. The National library is primarily a library of records. Its duty is to gather and preserve every possible literary memorial. It should acquire documents and papers which are national in scope.

It should not enter into competition with local institutions for items that are purely local if the local institutions are able to purchase for themselves. In a paper on James Madison and Religious Liberty Mr. Gaillard Hunt shows that Madison offered in the Virginia Convention of 1776 an amendment to the Bill of Rights which if adopted would have rendered any further legislation unnecessary. Dr. J. M. Vincent prints his memorial address on H. B. Adams. Dr. B. C. Steiner has a paper on Maryland's First Courts; F. C. Ogg has one on Jay's Treaty and the Slavery Interests; and Prof. A. Lawrence Lowell one on the Influence of Party upon Legislation in England and America. President Lyon G. Tyler reviews briefly the London Company Records and Dr. J. S. Bassett discusses the Relation between the Virginia Planters and London merchants.

The principal paper in volume 2 is U. B. Phillips's Georgia and State Rights. This paper was awarded the Justin. Winsor prize. As Mr. Phillips is a native Southerner it is possible for him to see, understand and properly interpret matters that would be caviare to one who had not grown up in such environment. He undertakes to make an extended and extensive study of the political history of Georgia from the Revolution to the Civil War, with particular regard to Federal relations. His work is based largely on sources, is illustrated by colored maps showing the domination of political parties at certain periods and is supplemented by a bibliography. The work begins with a review of the relations between the State of Georgia and the Indians, the struggle of the State to dispossess the Creeks and Cherokees, culminating in the success of the State in 1838. There is a chapter on the Troup and Clarke parties, the former representing the well-to-do or aristocratic element, mostly of Virginia antecedents, while the latter was made up largely of the less well-to-do citizens who lived on the frontiers and who had come into Georgia from North Carolina.

Troup's party became defenders of State rights in the nullification troubles and later passed into the Whig party, while the followers of Clarke supported the Union side against nullification, supported Jackson and became democrats.

There are chapters also on the Whigs and Democrats and slavery, the Kansas-Nebraska struggle and on Secession. There are 12 maps, II colored.

The Department of Archives and History of Alabama under an act of 1900 has published ALABAMA OFFICIAL AND STATISTICAL REGISTER, 1903. (Montgomery, Ala.: Brown Printing Co., 1903. O., pp. 326.) The compilation is made by Mr. Thomas M. Owen, Director of the Department, his careful hand and scholarly training being everywhere evident throughout its pages. It is doubtful if there is another man in the State who could have done the work so well. Certain it is that there are few who would have kept in mind so much the needs of the future historian and genealogist. The short biographical sketches of State officers are models of their kind for conciseness and brevity. They bristle with dates and contain many genealogical items. There are lists of county officers, statistics of taxes and taxable property, of population and of elections; a list of altitudes and of postoffices. Perhaps the most valuable feature of all is the carefully prepared lists of the organization and personnel of each of the Constitutional Conventions of the State, 1819-1901, with a complete bibliography of the literature of each. There is an index of 34 pages.

In Old Time Stories of the Old North State (Boston: D. C. Heath & Co., 1903. D. pp. vi+159, cloth) Lutie Andrews McCorkle (Mrs. W. P. McCorkle) seeks to present in an attractive form some of the leading facts in the history of North Carolina. Since two books covering the same general field have recently appeared (Allen's History Sto

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