NAMES AND WORDS THAT STAND FOR NAMES. 99 2. Are you going home, Robert? 3. Louis gave his fish to Albert. 4. Avis thinks that she is taller than Sara is. 5. They saw him cross the bridge. 6. Sidney and Roma love their pets. 7. Emile thought that he would catch some fish. 8. Has Elletta her new book? SUMMARY. Memorize: Words that name are called NOUNS. Words that stand for names are called PRONOUNS. NOTE TO TEACHER.- For variety and drill-work, frequently use Readers. Have pupils select the parts of speech from the reading lessons. Sometimes the nouns for which pronouns stand are not expressed in the sentence. Example: You have a new hat. Select the Pronouns in the following sentences: 3. San Francisco is large. Mention the names in group one. Which of these may be given to one girl, as well as to another; that is, to any one of this whole class of persons. Which is a girl's special name? PARTS OF SPEECH. Which name in group two is given to each of a class of animals? Which is given to a special kitten? How are the special names of each group written? Arrange the following words in two columns, putting the class names in one, and the special names in the other: Alice fox Stockton Edwin horse Dexter Chico Class names, or those which may be applied to any one of a class, are COMMON NOUNS. Special names, or those given to special individuals of a class, are PROPER NOUNS. LESSON 3. Fill the blanks in the story below with nouns from the fol lowing list: AN EXERCISE IN DISCRIMINATION. "But had they no means of sailing upon the asked "Yes; I suppose there never was a time when not in some way To the Teacher.-In the first part of the following story all the words that state are printed in italics. After the pupil has carefully noted these, he is to make an effort to select from the second part all the words that are similar in office. HARDY AND HIS DONKEY. Hardy lives in the mountains of California by a beautiful river of clear water. Hardy has a donkey that he calls Aures and upon this donkey he rides everywhere over the hills. Sometimes Aures is cross and then he does some strange things. One day Hardy was riding him after the cows and they came to a mountain that was very steep. Aures does not like steep mountains, so when he saw it he stopped, stiffened his legs, and stood still. Hardy coaxed him in every way, but the stubborn fellow only switched his tail as if he were saying "You must climb that hill alone." Hardy left him and when he returned Aures was waiting for him. Hardy gives Aures a lump of sugar when he has been good, but after this naughty prank he received no sugar for PARTS OF SPEECH. many days. Aures often puts his feet together and humps his back quickly when he thinks Hardy has ridden enough, but Hardy rides so well he is seldom thrown. Another time Hardy and his two sisters, Agnes and Kate, all climbed upon Aures. You may be sure that the crusty little donkey felt angry at so heavy a load. He trotted sullenly down the road to the river and when he reached the water he waded in a little way, put his head down quickly and let the children all slide into the stream. Agnes, who was up first, said that she could see a smile of triumph on his face as he started for home. The children, who are used to the water, laughed heartily and thought it a fine joke. Aures carries loads of wood from the hills, and bags of clover to the cows. He and Hardy are great friends and are seldom apart. The little boys who live near Hardy think him a lucky boy and are always happy when Hardy lets them ride. LESSON 4. WORDS THAT STATE. 1. Myrtle studies. 2. Swallows are twittering. 3. Water freezes. 4. Alaska was bought. In sentence one, which word tells, or states, what Myrtle does? In sentence two, what two words state something about the swallows? In sentence three, of what does the word freezes state something? In sentence four, what do the words was bought do? Write a statement about some animal. Write a statement about a tree. Words that state are called VERBS. Which verbs in the following sentences consist of one word? Which consist of more than one? 1. Ruby runs. 2. An owl can fly. 3. Fishes swim. 4. Harold has been studying. 5. Flora must walk. 6. The horse trots. 7. Father may be reading. 8. Sara can sew. Make statements, using in each a verb from column two, a noun from column one, and a group of words from column three: Select the verbs in the above sentences. Change the above statements to questions, so that each verb will ask instead of state. What do you notice about the position of the verbs in your questions? |