In column one, what adjective describes the noun boys? In column two, what group of words means the same thing and describes the noun boys?

What group in column two means the same thing as the adjective fierce? What noun does each describe?

In column one, what is the word rusty, and what does it do?

What do the words that are rusty do?

Look at each italicized group in column one above, and find a group in column two that means the same thing.

Find the noun in each group of column one.

Find the noun in each group of column two.
Find the verb in each group of column two.
See if you can find any verbs in column one.

Write the following adjectives in one column; in the second column write an equivalent group of words without a verb; in the third column an equivalent group of words with a verb:

A group of words without a verb used in describing a noun is called an ADJECTIVE PHRASE.

A group of words with a verb used in describing a noun is called an ADJECTIVE CLAUSE.

WORDS THAT SHOW “HOW,” “WHERE,” OR “WHEN.”

AN EXERCISE IN DISCRIMINATION.

115

To the Teacher.-In the first part of the following story all the words that show "how," "where," or "when" are printed in italics. After the pupil has carefully noted these, he is to make an effort to select from the second part all the words that are similar in office.

HARDY AND HIS DONKEY.

Hardy lives in the mountains of California by a beautiful river of clear water. Hardy has a donkey that he calls Aures and upon this donkey he rides everywhere over the hills. Sometimes Aures is cross and then he does some strange things. One day Hardy was riding him after the cows and they came to a mountain that was very steep. Aures does not like steep mountains, so when he saw it he stopped, stiffened his legs, and stood still. Hardy coaxed him in every way, but the stubborn fellow only switched his tail as if he were saying "You must climb that hill alone." Hardy left him and when he returned Aures was waiting for him. Hardy gives Aures a lump of sugar when he has been good, but after this naughty prank he received no sugar for many days. Aures often puts his feet together and humps his back quickly when he thinks Hardy has ridden enough, but Hardy rides so well he is seldom thrown.

Another time Hardy and his two sisters, Agnes and Kate, all climbed upon Aures. You may be sure that the crusty little donkey felt angry at so heavy a load. He trotted sullenly down the road to the river and when he reached the water he waded in a little way, put his head down quickly and let the children all slide into the stream. Agnes, who was up first, said that she could see a smile of triumph on his face as he started for home. The children, who are used to the water, laughed heartily and thought it a fine joke. Aures and Hardy are great friends and are seldom apart. The little boys who live near Hardy think him a lucky boy and are always happy when Hardy lets them ride,

LESSON 14.

WORDS JOINED TO VERBS TO SHOW "How."

1. Hulda moves quietly. 3. William speaks correctly.
2. Helen writes well.
4. Snails move slowly.

Select the word in sentence one that shows how Hulda

moves.

Find the word in sentence two that shows how Helen writes.

In sentence three, what word is joined to the verb to show how William speaks?

In sentence four, what does the word slowly show?

Use each noun in column one with some verb from column two, and to the verb join some word that shows "how," from column three:

What word shows where Carlo sleeps?

What word shows where Mr. Hobson works?
Find the verb in sentence three.

What word is joined to it to show where?

In sentence four, what does the word away do?

WORDS THAT SHOW “HOW," "WHERE,” OR “WHEN." 117

Join a word that shows" where," selected from the list below, to each verb in the following sentences:

The ship sailed soon after the crew went

But comes the glorious King of Day.
The weary plowboy plods

LESSON 16.

WORDS JOINED TO VERBS TO SHOW "WHEN."

1. The rain is falling now.

2. Our friends came yesterday.

Find the verb in sentence one.

3. Farmers rise early.

4. The hunters returned late.

What word is joined to it to show when?

In sentence two, to what verb is the word yesterday joined? What does the word yesterday show?

In sentence three, find the verb and the word that shows when.

In sentence four, what does the word late do?

Write sentences, using, in each, one of the following words joined to some verb to show when:

Words joined to verbs to show how, where, or when, are called ADVERBS.

LESSON 17.

Adverbs are also joined to adjectives or other adverbs, to modify their meaning.

The Aztecs were an exceedingly intelligent

race.

Very fine coffee comes from Arabia.

Joined to adjectives.

The Red King rode through a terribly gloomy forest.

Joined to adverbs.

China is the most populous country in the
world.

Hasty opinions are quite frequently wrong.
Harold came quietly forward.

The rain fell very gently.

You should listen more attentively.

Go through the following sentences and select the adverbs that modify adjectives: go through, again, and select those that modify adverbs:

1. They sang very merrily.

2. We were nearly asleep.

3. He is almost there.

4. Were Washington and Napoleon equally great? 5. California produces much more fruit than

state does.

6. He was somewhat hasty in his reply. 7. The man was quite liberally rewarded.

any

other