After his return from Virginia, he was appointed to conduct an expedition, the object of which was the town of New London. in his native county. The troops employed therein, were landed in two detachments, one on each side of the harbour. The one commanded by lieutenant colonel Eyre, and the other by Arnold. He took fort Trumbull without much opposition. Fort Griswold was furiously attacked by lieutenant colonel Eyre. The garrison defended themselves with great resolution, but after a severe conflict of forty minutes, the fort was carried by the enemy. The Americans had not more than six or seven men killed, when the British carried the lines, but a severe execution took place afterwards, though resistance had ceased. An officer of the conquering troops enquired, on his entering the fort, who commanded. Colonel Ledyard, presenting his sword, answered, "I did, but you do now;" and was immediately run through the body and killed. Between thirty and forty were wounded, and about forty were carried off prisoners. On the part of the British forty-eight were killed, and one hundred and fortyfive wounded. About fifteen vessels loaded with the effects of the inhabitants retreated up the river, and four others remained in the harbour unhurt; but all except these were burned by the communication of fire from the burning stores. Sixty dwelling houses and eighty-four stores were reduced to ashes. The loss which the Americans sustained by the destruction of naval stores, of provisions, and merchandize, was immense. General Arnold having completed the object of the expedition, returned in eight days to New York.

At the close of the war, he accompanied the royal army to England. "The contempt that followed him through life," says a late elegant writer, "is further illustrated by the speech of the present lord Lauderdale, who, perceiving Arnold on the right hand of the king, and near his person, as he addressed his parliament, declared, on his return to the commons, that, however gracious the language he had heard from the throne, his indignation could not but be highly excited, at beholding as he had done, his majesty supported by a traitor." "And on another occasion, Lord Surry, since duke of Norfolk, rising to speak in the house of commons, and perceiving Arnold in the gallery, sat down with precipitation, exclaiming, I will not speak while that man, pointing to him, is in the house."

As the treason and treachery of Arnold, and the capture of Andre, by three American militia men, excited great interest and feeling, from the circumstance that Arnold was the only instance of an American officer basely turning against his country in that doubtful contest, and the contrast so striking, be

tween Arnold and those virtuous private soldiers, we deem it proper to refer to the journals of the old congress, for authentic facts, in relation to this most important transaction.

On the 30th September, 1780, we find in the journals, the following facts connected with this affair: "A letter, of the 26th. from general Washington, was read, confirming the account given in the letter of the 25th, from major general Greene, of the treasonable practices of major general Benedict Arnold, and his desertion to the enemy. On the 4th October, 1780, congress adopted the following resolution: Resolved, That the board of war be, and hereby are directed to erase from the register of the names of the officers of the army of the United States, the name of BENEDICT ARNOLD.”

BARNEY, JOSHUA, was born in Baltimore, in the state of Maryland, on the 6th of July, 1759. His parents lived on a farm between the town and North Point, where he was sent to school until ten years of age, by which time he had learned all his master could teach, reading, writing, and arithmetic. He was then put into a retail store at Alexandria; but soon became tired of that occupation. In 1771, he came to Baltimore on a visit, and insisted on going to sea, which he always had an inclination for. He went out in a pilot boat with a friend of his father, for several months. He was then bound an apprentice to captain Thomas Drisdale, and sailed with him in a brig to Ireland. They arrived at the cove of Cork, after a rough passage, where they remained two days, and then proceeded to Liverpool. The vessel being sold, young Barney returned home by the way of Dublin. Shortly after his return his father died, having been shot by the accidental discharge of a pistol in the hands of a brother, a child of seven years of age. He made a voyage to Cadiz and Genoa, and in 1775, sailed for Italy. The captain being sick, and the mate having been discharged, the whole duty fell on young Barney, although not 16 years of age. In July, 1775, he repaired to Alicant, at the time the Spaniards were preparing an expedition against Algiers. His ship was taken in the transport service. The expedition failed, and he returned to America. On his arrival in the Chesapeake Bay, the 1st of October, 1776, his vessel was boarded by the sloop of war King Fisher, and informed of the battle of Bunker's Hill. The ship was searched, and all the letters and arms were taken from her. On arriving in Baltimore, the ship was laid up. Thus he had been a captain eight months, and had gone through some very difficult scenes. He was only a little over 16 years of age. At this period, finding the whole country had taken up arms against the injustice of England, his breast soon caught the flame. He obtained the situation of

master's mate in the sloop Hornet, commanded by captain William Stone, and on receiving a flag from commodore Hopkins, he placed it on a staff, and with drums and fifes beat up for volunteers, and in one day engaged a crew for their vessel. This was the first flag of the United States seen in the state of Maryland, and Barney claimed some credit for carrying it. In November, 1775, they sailed in company with the schooner Wasp, to join commodore Hopkins in the Delaware, where they arrived in a few days, passing the enemy's squadron, which was lying in Hampton roads. The American fleet consisted of two frigates, two brigs, and four sloops. They sailed to New Providence, one of the Bahama Islands. The town and fort surrendered, with the ships and vessels in the harbour, without resistance. The cannon, powder, mortars, shells, &c. were secured, and the island given up again. On their return they had bad weather, but they got into the Delaware with some difficulty.

In 1776, Barney embarked in the schooner Wasp, under the orders of captain Charles Alexander, a brave Scotchman, and they convoyed off the coast the vessel in which Dr. Franklin was going to Europe. The Wasp returned into Cape May channel with great hazard, as the English ships Roebuck of forty-four guns, and Liverpool of twenty-eight guns, lay in the roads. As the Wasp returned up the bay she was chased by the Roebuck and Liverpool, but she got into Wilmington creek. The next morning several row gallies went down from Philadelphia, under commodore Hazlewood, and attacked the British ships. The captain of the Wasp took advantage of the cannonade to come out, and he attacked and took the brig Tender, from the British, although under the guns of the enemy. The Americans took her into a port of New Jersey. This little affair was thought a bold one; but they had afterwards harder fighting. for getting under the enemy's guns in a fog, they with difficulty succeeded in joining the galleys, which fought all day. Barney joined one of the vessels which wanted hands, and had his share of fighting. He was now sent on board the sloop Sachem, then fitting out, as commanding officer, and he was complimented for his conduct on the Delaware, by Robert Morris, president of the Marine Committee, who presented him with a lieutenant's commission. He was not seventeen years of age. In this capacity he sailed in the Sachem under captain Isaiah Robinson, and they had not been long out, when they captured an English brig, after a severe action of two hours. A large turtle on board, intended for Lord North, was presented to Mr. Morris, after young Barney brought the prize into port. The Sachem and Andrew Doria, of fourteen guns, with the

Lexington, captain Barry, departed for the West Indies. On their return, they captured a sloop of twelve guns, after an action of two hours, cutting her to pieces. It was the sloop Race Horse, tender to admiral Parker's fleet at Jamaica, sent to take the Sachem and Andrew Doria. The next prize was a Snow from Jamaica, on board which Barney was sent as prize master. His difficulties began here, for being several days in a heavy gale of wind, and the sea breaking over the vessel so as to oblige them to stay in the tops, he was captured by the Perseus of twenty guns. Being ill treated by the purser of the Perseus, Barney knocked him down the hatchway, which met the approbation of the captain of the British vessel, who exchanged his prisoners at Charleston, South Carolina. On their way to Philadelphia on horseback, Barney and his companions annoyed the tories whenever they found an opportunity, making them drink success to Congress, &c.

In the spring of 1777, Barney again joined the Andrew Doria, and took part in the defence of the Delaware. The American force consisted of the Delaware frigate of thirty-two guns, and several small vessels, all under commodore Hazlewood. They were stationed at Mud Island or fort Mifflin, which was commanded by lieutenant colonel Samuel Smith, at present a member of the senate of the United States, from Maryland. All the summer the war was carried on with great rigour in the neighborhood; but in the fall the fort was necessarily given up, and the fleet destroyed. Barney was ordered to Baltimore to join the Virginia frigate, captain Nicholson. In attempting to get the frigate to sea, the pilot ran her on shore in the night, and was captured by the British. In August, 1778, Barney was exchanged for the lieutenant of the Mermaid frigate, but on going to Baltimore, where he took command of a schooner with two guns and eight men, he was again taken in the bay by a privateer of four large guns and sixty men. The United States, at this time, having no vessels out of the middle states, Barney accepted the offer of his old friend and commander, captain Robinson, in November, 1778, to go out with him from Alexandria in a ship, with a letter of marque. She had twelve guns, but little powder, and only thirty-five men. When three days out, in the night, they fell in with the privatcer Rosebud, captain Duncan, full of men, with which they had a running fight all night, killed and wounded forty-seven of their men, and got off with only one man wounded. They arrived at Bordeaux, took a cargo of brandy, mounted eighteen guns, and shipped seventy men. On their return, they made a valuable prize, after a running

fight of near two days. Barney took command of the prize, and arrived safe in Philadelphia, in October, 1779.

In 1780, he married a most estimable woman, the daughter of alderman Bedford. The following month he proceeded to Baltimore, having all his fortune with him in paper money, in his gig-box: on arriving he found he had been robbed of every cent he had in the world. He returned to Philadelphia without mentioning his loss, and soon after went into service on board the United States ship Saratoga. of sixteen guns, commanded by captain John Young. In a few days after going to sea, they captured a ship of twelve guns. Soon after they took a ship mounting thirty-two guns, ninety men, and two brigs, having boarded the first running up under English colours. Barney was afterwards taken by the intrepid, 74, captain Malloy, who treated his prisoners with great barbarity. In 1780, Barney and seventy other prisoners, at New York, were sent on board the Yarmouth, 74, and ordered to England by admiral Rodney. They were confined under five decks, in a place three feet high, twelve feet long, and twenty feet wide, without light, and were fifty-three days on the passage. Eleven died from the filth and the fever getting among them, and when they landed at Plymouth, the survivors were very feeble and emaciated, covered with vermin, and so weak they could hardly stand, or their eyes bear the light. After remaining some time in a prison ship, they were sent to Mill prison, where they found between two and three hundred other rebels, as they were called. They gave their jailors a good deal of trouble, by digging, undermining, cutting bars, &c. and some escaped. Barney was suspected, and was put in the dungeon thirty days, loaded with heavy irons. By the assistance of a soldier who had been in America, on the 18th May, 1781, he escaped in an English offi cer's undress uniform. After being taken, he again escaped, and went to Bristol and London. He also visited Amsterdam, Rotterdam, and the Hague. He arrived in Philadelphia in March following, after an absence of nineteen months. When a few days in the bosom of his family, the state of Pennsylvania gave him the command of the Hyder Ally, a small ship of sixteen guns, and one hundred and ten men. Thirteen days after, he proceeded with a convoy down the bay, and was laying in Cape May road, waiting for a wind. The following are the particulars of the action between the Hyder Ally, captain Barney, and the general Monk, captain Rogers, furnished by a gentleman well acquainted with the particulars:

April 8th, 1782, at 10. A. M. laying at anchor under Cape May, (Delaware) discovered three sail standing in from sea,