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the danger of retaliation. General Washington demanded a copy of the proceedings; it was sent and no further notice taken of it. The cure of the body politic was radical: none of those parties ventured into the country again during the war. Immediately after the reduction of Cornwallis, the danger of inroads from Canada was dissipated. Stark dismissed the militia with thanks for their good conduct; secured the public stores, and was ordered to retire by way of Albany, with instructions to continue his efforts to raise men, money and supplies in New England for the next campaign.

In 1782. he was afflicted with rheumatisms, and various chronical complaints, all the season, and did not join the army his complaints, however, yielded to repose, of which he immediately informed general Washington, and was ordered to join the army early in April, 1785, at West Point. He was on the spot on the day appointed, and received the hearty thanks of general Washington for his punctuality. He aided and encouraged the army to separate without confusion, and not tarnish their laurels by any act of resistance or usurpation. Soon after this he returned home, and devoted the remainder of his patriarchal life to the various duties of patriot, friend, neighbour, and father to an extensive family. His long and useful life terminated on the eighth of May, 1822.

The neighbouring militia vied with each other for permission to render the last honorary duties to the departed patriot. Captain Eaton's light infantry of Goffstown, was selected from the numerous applicants, and performed the duty with great respect and the most perfect order and discipline. At his own request he was interred on his farm, on the border of the Merrimack river.

STEUBEN, FREDERICK WILLIAM, a major general in the American army, was a Prussian officer, who served many years in the armies of the great Frederick, was one of his aids, and had held the rank of lieutenant general. He arrived in New Hampshire from Marseilles in November 1777, with strong recommendations to congress. He claimed no rank, and only requested permission to render as a volunteer what services he could to the American army. He was soon appointed to the office of inspector general with the rank of major general, and he established a uniform system of manœuvres, and by his skill and persevering industry effected, during the continuance of the troops at Valley Forge, a most important improvement in all ranks of the army. He was a volunteer in the action at Monmouth, and commanded in the trenches of York town on the day which concluded the struggle with Great Britain.

During his command, lord Cornwallis made his overture

for capitulation. The proposals were immediately despatched to the commander in chief, and the negociation progressed. The Marquis de la Fayette, whose tour it was next to mount guard in the trenches, marched to relieve the Baron, who, to his astonishment, refused to be relieved. He informed general de la Fayette, that the custom of European war was in his favor, and that it was a point of honor which he could neither give up for himself, nor deprive his troops of; that the offer to capitulate had been made during his guard, and that in the trenches he would remain until the capitulation was signed or hostilities commenced. The Marquis immediately galloped to head quarters: general Washington decided in favor of the Baron to the joy of one, and to the mortification of the other of those brave and valuable men. The Baron remained till the business was finished. After the peace the Baron retired to a farm in the vicinity of New York. The state of New Jersey had given him a small improved farm, and the state of New York gave him a tract of sixteen thousand acres of land in the county of Oneida.

The Baron died at Steubenville, New York, November 28, 1794, aged sixty one years. He was an accomplished gentleman and a virtuous citizen; of extensive knowledge and sound judgment.

SULLIVAN, JOHN, a major general in the American army, was the eldest son of Mr. Sullivan who came from Ireland, and settled in Massachusetts. In 1775, congress appointed him a brigadier general, and in the following year, it is believed, a major general. He superceded Arnold in the command of the army in Canada, June 4, 1776, but was soon driven out of that province. Afterwards on the illness of Greene he took the command of his division on Long Island. In the battle of August the twenty seventh, he was taken prisoner. In a few months, however, he was exchanged; for when Lee was carried off, he took the command of his division in New Jersey. On the 22d of August 1777, he planned and executed an expedition against Staten Island, for which on enquiry into his conduct he received the approbation of the court. In September he was engaged in the battle of Brandywine, and on the fourth of October in that of Germantown. In the winter he was detached to command the troops in Rhode Island. In August 1778, he laid siege to Newport, then in the hands of the British, with the fullest confidence of success; but being abandoned by the French fleet under D'Estaing, who sailed to Boston, he was obliged to his unutterable chagrin. to raise the siege. On the twenty ninth an action took place with the pursuing enemy, who were repulsed. On the thirtieth with great military skill, he passed over to the

continent, without the loss of a single article, and without the slightest suspicion on the part of the British of his movements. In the summer of 1779 he commanded an expedition against the six nations of Indians.

The bloody tragedy, acted at Wyoming, in 1778, had determined the commander in chief, in 1779, to employ a large detachment from the continental army to penetrate into the heart of the Indian country, to chastise the hostile tribes and their white associates and adherents, for their cruel aggressions on the defenceless inhabitants. The command of this expedition was committed to major general Sullivan, with express orders to destroy their settlements, to ruin their crops, and make such thorough devastations, as to render the country entirely uninhabitable for the present, and thus to compel the savages to remove to a greater distance from our frontiers. General Sullivan had under his command several brigadiers and a well chosen army, to which were attached a number of friendly Indian warriors. With this force he penetrated about ninety miles through a horrid swampy wilderness and barren mountainous deserts, to Wyoming, on the Susquehanna river, thence by water to Tioga, and possessed himself of numerous towns and villages of the savages. During this hazardous expedition, General Sullivan and his army encountered the most complicated obstacles, difficulties, and hardships; and requiring the greatest fortitude and perseverance to surmount. He explored an extensive tract of country, and strictly executed the severe, but necessary orders he had received. A considerable number of Indians were slain, some were captured, their habitations were burnt, and their plantations of corn and vegetables laid waste in the most effectual manner. Eighteen villages, a number of detached buildings, one hundred and sixty thousand bushels of corn, and those fruits and vegetables, which conduce to the comfort and subsistence of man, were utterly destroyed. Five weeks were unremittingly employed in this work of devastation." On his return from the expedition, he and his army received the approbation of congress.

In about three months from his setting out, general Sullivan reached Easton, in Pennsylvania, and soon after rejoined the army.

In the years 1786, 1787, and 1789, general Sullivan was president of New Hampshire, in which station by his vigorous exertions he quelled the spirit of insurrection, which exhibited itself at the time of the troubles in Massachusetts. He died January 23, 1795, aged fifty four years.

STEVENS, EDWARD, a distinguished officer in the revolutionary war, was born in Culpepper county, Virginia. He

engaged early in the contest for our liberties, nor did he sheathe his sword until the achievement of national indepen dence. His military career commenced at the battle of the. Great Bridge, near Norfolk, Virginia, where he commanded a battalion of riflemen. Distinguished on that occasion by his valour and good conduct, he immediately attracted public attention, as an individual peculiarly fitted for utility in the arduous struggles of the revolution. He was shortly after appointed to command the tenth Virginia regiment, which, being speedily raised, equipped, and organized, colonel Stevens marched to the north, and came under the immediate command of general Washington. The first occasion that presented itself for the distinction of this regiment, occurred at the battle of Brandywine, on the 11th of September, 1777. It was here that the gallant exertions of this intrepid officer served, in a great measure, to protect the continental army from annihilation. Colonel Stevens was not brought into action until the retreat had begun; he was then charged to cover the rear, and impede the pursuit of the enemy. With the co-operation of a Pennsylvania regiment, Stevens seized an advantageous piece of ground on the road, taken by the defeated army, protecting the second and eleventh regiments from capture, checking the enemy, and securing the retreat. His orders were here gallantly executed, making an impression on the hostile army, which induced the British general to look to his own safety, and abandon the pursuit. Colonel Stevens received, on the succeeding day, the public thanks of the commander in chief. The battle of Germantown took place in October following, where the tenth Virginia regiment was alike distinguished by its intrepid courage, which again produced for its gallant chief the public acknowledgments of Washington.

Colonel Stevens now filled a large space in the hopes of his native state; he was called to the command of a brigade; and the next theatre presented to his valor was at the battle of Camden. In the council of war, immediately preceding this action, the memorable reply of brigadier Stevens, (to the interrogatory put to the board,) "It is too late to retreat now; we must fight," was made. This answer was followed by the order of the American general, without further counsel; "Then, gentlemen, repair to your several posts;" a decisive evidence of the high confidence reposed by him in the discretion and capacity of general Stevens. The issue of this affair was unfavorable; and although the gallantry and conduct of Stevens exempted him from all imputations, yet no officer felt more deep and mortifying chagrin at the tarnished lustre of our arms. He felt so sorely the calamities of the

day, that he would have returned from the southern campaign, but for the pressing solicitude of general Greene, who, soon after assuming command of this department of the continental forces, was unwilling to lose the services of an officer so distinguished for all those trials of military character which produce practical utility. The battle of Guilford Court house furnished brigadier Stevens an opportunity of reviving the despondent hopes of the South, and warding off evils, with which he had been unluckily beset at Camden. The North Carolina militia formed the first line; Steven's brigade of Virginia militia the second. So soon as the enemy approached the first line, within one hundred and forty yards, a scattered fire commenced, when this line threw down their arms, and fled to the second with precipitation. Stevens, possessing that happy presence of mind so necessary in action to draw benefit even from calamity, directed his troops to open their ranks, and permit them to pass; and, to prevent the panic's infecting his command, he gave out that they had been ordered to retreat upon the first fire. At this battle he took the precaution to station a body of picked riflemen forty yards in the rear of his brigade, with positive orders to shoot down the first man who attempted to break the ranks or escape. He received here a severe wound in the thigh, though he did not quit the field until he had rendered great services, and brought off his troops in good order: general Greene bestowed on him marked commendation. The siege of York, and the capture of the British army under Lord Cornwallis, soon closed the important scene of the revolution. It was here that General Stevens preserved and increased his well-earned honors. The commander in chief repeatedly assigned him important duties, which called for the best efforts of valor and skill; these were faithfully executed; and it is confidently asserted, that no officer possessed a larger share of his respect and confidence. During all this period, he was a zealous patriot in the civil department of the government. From the foundation of the state constitution, until the year 1790, he was a member of the Senate of Virginia; always useful, esteemed and respected. He was at Charlottesville, in the Legislature, when Tarleton invaded the commonwealth, and dispersed that body; his plan was, to arm the citizens, meet Tarleton at the river below the village, and fight him. This counsel was not executed, and he narrowly escaped capture, by the more elegant equipment of a person flying a short distance before him.

The character of general Stevens may be given in a few words: No man on earth possessed the cardinal virtues in a higher degree; firm, patient, and deliberative; with a sound judgment, singleness of heart, unblemished and uncorrupti

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