d. He had not long enjoyed repose before he began to be weary of having nothing to do. C. S.

Note I. The success was very great of that enterprise. F. S. Note II-a. He was related to, and governed by, the same person. F. S.

b. He was refused admission into and forcibly driven from his home. F. S.

Note III. The man whom I bought that horse of is not honest.

Note IV.- -a. When at the store will you get me some paper?

C. S.

C. S.

b. I shall be in Boston next month. Note V.-a. This pen which I have just bought is not fit to write with. C. S.

b. When we look around we see abundant proofs of the goodness of God. C. S.

Note VI. This doctrine is every where spoken against. C. S. Note VII.-There are ultras on both sides. C.S. Ultra is

a Latin preposition.

Note VIII. After waiting a long time, we gave over looking

for them.

Note IX.

C. S.

Like the dew on the mountain,

Like the foam on the river,

Like the bubble on the fountain,

Thou art gone, and forever.-SCOTT. C. S.

Note X.-In his journey he went to New York, but is now in Philadelphia. C. S.

at.

Note XI. With noise like the sound of distant thunder,

Roaring, they rushed from the black clouds under. C. S. Note XII. In vain; in earnest; in secret; in public. C. S. Note XIII. In that club the Christian religion was scoffed C. S.

Note XIV. In their dress, their table, their houses, their furniture, the favorites of fortune united every refinement of convenience, of elegance, and of splendor. C. S.

Note XV. To comply with; to adapt to; to compare with. C. S.

Note XVI.-You have bestowed your favors to the most deserving persons. F. S.

CHAPTER VIII.

SYNTAX OF CONJUNCTIONS.

§ 528. RULE XL-CONJUNCTIONS connect propositions, sentences, or single words; as, "He is wise and she is virtuous;" "Honor your parents if you wish for happiness in life;" "William and Mary are a happy pair."

A careful analysis of the power of the conjunction goes far toward proving that it is a part of speech serving to show the particular mode in which one sentence is connected with another sentence; while single words are connected by prepositions, and not by conjunctions. Sec § 375. For the relations which conjunctions bear to the subjunctive mode, see § 518.

Note I.-The conjunction THAT serves to introduce a sentence; as, "That he should have missed his way is not strange." Note II.-Disjunctives (OR, NOR) are of two sorts, real and nominal. A king or queen always rules in England. Here the Disjunction is real, king and queen being different names for different objects. In all real Disjunctions, the inference is, that if one out of two (or more) individuals (or classes) do not perform a certain action, the other does.

A Sovereign or Supreme governor always rules in England. Here the Disjunction is nominal, sovereign and supreme governor being different names for the same object. In all nominal Disjunctives, the inference is, that if an agent (or agents) do not perform a certain action under one name, he does (or they do) it under another.-LATHAM.

Note III.-In poetry, NOR and OR are frequently substituted for either and neither; thus:

"Nor Simois,

Nor rapid Xanthus' celebrated flood."—ADDISON.

"Or by the lazy Scheldt or wandering Po."--GOLDSMITH.

Note IV. Ir is sometimes employed for whether; as, “He doubts if two and two make four."

Note V. The conjunction is often omitted; as, "Were there

no difference there would be no choice," i. e., "if there were." See § 518.

Note VI. Some conjunctions have their corresponding conjunctions, so that in the subsequent member of the sentence the latter conjunction answers to the former; as,

1. THOUGH YET, NEVERTHELESS; as, "Though deep, yet clear; though gentle, yet not dull."

2. WHETHER OR; as, "Whether he will go or not, I can not tell."

3. EITHER OR; as, "I will either send it or bring it myself." 4. NEITHER NOR; as, "Neither thou nor I am able to com

pass it."

5. As-As; expressing a comparison; as, "He is as good as she."

Note VII.-In like manner, certain conjunctions correspond with certain adverbs:

1. Asso; expressing a comparison; as, "As he excels in virtue, so he rises in estimation;" "As the stars, so shall thy seed be."

2. So-As; "To see thy glory so as I have seen Thee in the sanctuary;""Pompey was not so great a man as Cæsar."

3. SO THAT; expressing a consequence; as, "He was so fatigued that he could scarcely move."

4. RATHER THAN; as, "He would consent rather than suffer."

5. NOT ONLY—BUT ALSO; as, "He was not only prudent, but he was also industrious."

Note VIII. In like manner, certain conjunctions correspond with certain adjectives; as,

1. OTHER THAN; "Were it any other than he, I would not submit;" "He is greater than I."

2. SAME AS; "Your paper is of the same quality as this." 3. SUCH AS; "I will give you such pens as I have."

4. SUCH THAT; "His diligence was such that his friends were confident of success."

5. Comparatives generally are followed by THAN; as, "He is greater than I."

Note IX. NEITHER, NOR, and EITHER, OR, should be placed next the words to which they refer; as, "Neither he nor his

friends were present;" "It neither improves the understanding nor delights the heart."

Note X.-The pronominal adjective ALL sometimes beautifully supplies the place of the copulative conjunction; as,

"All heart they live, all head, all eye, all ear,

All intellect, all sense."-Paradise Lost.

EXERCISES IN THE SYNTAX OF CONJUNCTIONS.

RULE XL.-a. This rock soon became hallowed in the esteem of the Pilgrims, and these hills grateful to their sight. C. S. b. I shall visit him this summer because he desires it. C. S. c. The day is pleasant because the sun shines. The day will be pleasant if the sun shine. C. S.

Note I.-That we may fully understand the subject, let us consider the following propositions. C. S.

Note II.-a. A king or queen always rules in England. C. S. b. The syntactical division of the parts of speech may be traced to the first beginnings of dialectic or logic, in other words, to Plato. The formation of a system of logic is, in fact, simply a discovery of the principles of syntax, or of the formation of sentences. C. S.

Note III.-a.

b.

Nor pain, nor grief, nor anxious fear

Invade thy bounds. C. S.

Oh! struggling with the darkness of the night,
And visited all night with troops of stars,

Or when they climb the sky, or when they sink. C. S.

Note IV. I can not say if he was here, for I was absent. C.S. This elegant rose, had I shaken it less,

Note V.-a.

Might have bloomed with its owner a while. C. S.

b. Reason holds, as it were, the balance between the passive and the active powers of the mind. C. S.

Note VI.-a. Though He slay me, yet will I trust in Him. C. S.

b. Whether he will publish his work or not is uncertain. C. S. Note VII.-Pope does not show so much genius as Dryden in his works, but more finish. C. S.

Note VIII.-And, behold, it was no other than he. C. S. Note IX.-a. Neither flattery nor threats could prevail. C. S. b. Corn is not separated but by thrashing, nor men from

worldly employments but by tribulation.-BURTON. Nor is in this case used without its correspondent conjunction neither. Tell him all terms, all commerce I decline;

Note X.

Nor share his council, nor his battle join. C. S.

INTERJECTIONS.

$529. RULE XLI.-Certain INTERJECTIONS are joined with the objective case of the pronoun of the first person, and with the nominative of the pronoun of the second; as, “Ah me!" "Oh thou!"" Oh or O, in some cases, seems to stand instead cf a subject and verb; as,

"O! that the rosebud which graces yon island

Were wreathed in a garland around him to twine." "Oh that those lips had language! life has passed With me but roughly since I saw thee last."

ELLIPSIS.

§ 530. ELLIPSIS is the omission of some word or words necessary to the full construction of a sentence. It has also been called a defective mode of expression, substituted for, and originating in, one more perfect. See § 480.

This figure is very common in the language, and often serves to avoid disagreeable repetition. When the ellipsis would obscure the sentence or weaken its force, it should not be admitted. No very definite rules can be given.

1. These counsels were the dictates of virtue and the dictates of true honor. F. S. The second dictates should be omitted. 2. A taste for useful knowledge will provide for us a great and noble entertainment, when others leave us. F. S. It should be other entertainments.

3. Without firmness, nothing that is great can be undertaken, that is difficult can be accomplished. F. S.

ELLIPSIS OF THE ADJECTIVE.

1. That species of commerce will produce great gain or loss. F. S.

2. His crimes had brought him into extreme distress and extreme perplexity. F. S.