We should like to ask Mr. Vanderlip whether bank presidents and vice-presidents are not also likely to become 'narrow and provincial' and to lack impersonal view and judgment.' It appears that in accordance with Mr. Vanderlip's views university professors should administer the affairs of the National City Bank.

THE CARNEGIE FOUNDATION. THE foundation endowed by Mr. Andrew Carnegie with bonds of the market value $11,500,000, to establish a retiring pension fund for college professors, was incorporated at Albany, on May 10, with its principal office in New York City. The papers are signed by Nicholas Murray Butler, Alexander C. Humphreys, Henry S. Pritchett, Robert A. Franks and Frank A. Vanderlip for the board of directors.

The objects of the foundation are thus described:

The particular objects for which said corporation is formed shall be:

(a) To receive and maintain a fund and apply the income thereof as follows:

To provide retiring pensions, without respect to race, sex, creed, or color, for the teachers of universities, colleges and technical schools in the United States, the Dominion of Canada and Newfoundland, who, by reason of long and meritorious service in these institutions shall be deemed by the board of directors to be entitled to the assistance and aid of this corporation or who by reason of old age or disability may be prevented from continuing in the active work of their profession; To provide for the care and maintenance of the widows and families of the said teachers;

To make benefactions to charitable and educational institutions, and generally to promote the cause of science and education; provided, however, that the said benefactions shall be made to, and the said retiring pensions shall be paid to the teachers, their widows or families, of only such institutions as are not under control of a sect, do not require a majority of their trustees governing bodies, officers, faculties or students to belong to any specified sect, and do not impose any theological test.

THE INCREASED ENDOWMENT OF
HARVARD COLLEGE.

IT is announced that $1,800,000 has been contributed toward the endowment of $2,500,

000 which is being collected to increase the present totally inadequate amount available for the salaries of the teaching staff of the college,' of Harvard University. The circular which contains this information and appeals for additional subscriptions is signed by Bishop William Lawrence, Francis L. Higginson, Charles S. Fairchild, Henry S. Howe, Francis R. Appleton, Augustus Hemenway, Robert Bacon, Theodore Roosevelt, James J. Storrow and Benjamin Carpenter.

The circular says: "The position of Harvard to-day among American universities is due not so much to its age, traditions, or able administration as to its noble line of teachers. That the teachers in the college should be the best in the land; that the older professors should be free from the cares of a straitened income; that the younger teachers should be able to give themselves without distraction to their work, and that the best men should not be drawn away to other colleges, but should see before them reasonable promotion in work and salary, is essential to the leadership of Harvard and the culture of her sons." It is pointed out that the total of salaries in Harvard College is $437,821, and the average per capita allowance for the staff of 279 teachers is only $1,570. "In these days of increasing cost of living and of higher salaries in commercial and industrial pursuits," the circular adds, "the alumni and friends of Harvard will not allow the men who teach their boys and who fill the chairs of the great teachers of the past to receive these meagre wages."

THE INTERNATIONAL ANATOMICAL CONGRESS AT GENEVA.

THE first International Congress of Anatomists will be held at Geneva, Switzerland. on the 7th to 10th of August. The following national societies are to participate in this congress: The Anatomical Society of Great Britain, the Anatomische Gesellschaft, the Association des Anatomistes, the Association of American Anatomists and the Unione Zoologica Italiana. The organization of the congress has been entrusted to a committee representing these societies, and consisting of Professors Minot, Nicolas, Romiti, Syming

ton and Waldeyer. The presidents thus far named are Professor Sabatier, of Montpellier; Professor Romiti, of Pisa, and Professor Minot, of Harvard. The vice-presidents are Professor Bugnion, of Lausanne; Professor Valenti, of Bologna, and Professor Carl Huber, of Ann Arbor.

A general circular is in preparation, which will shortly be distributed to all members of the various societies taking part in the congress, and to such other persons as may request to have it sent to them. The congress owes its successful initiation largely to the zealous devotion of Professor Nicolas, of the University of Nancy, and inquiries as to further details on the part of those interested may be addressed to him. We hope to publish later a more detailed notice of the final arrangements and program.

SCIENTIFIC NOTES AND NEWS. THE faculty of Princeton University gave a dinner on the evening of May 17 in honor of Professor Charles A. Young, who becomes professor emeritus after a service of twentyeight years as professor of astronomy. Among the speakers were President Woodrow Wilson, of Princeton; President Francis L. Patton, of Princeton Theological Seminary; Mr. M. Taylor Pyne, of New York; Professor Silas Brackett, Professor W. F. Magie and Dr. Henry Van Dyke, who read a poem. A loving cup was presented to Professor Young.

PROFESSOR J. J. THOMSON, F.R.S., of Cambridge University, has been elected professor of natural philosophy in the Royal Institution to succeed Lord Rayleigh, who becomes honorary professor.

PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT will receive the degree of LL.D. from Clark University on June 21, when he goes to attend the commencement exercises at the university.

THE pupils and friends of Professor Charles Eliot Norton have presented to Harvard University a fund of about $24,000, in his honor, to be used for the purchase of books for the library.

THE seventieth birthday of Professor Caesare Lombroso will be celebrated in con

nection with the sixth International Congress of Criminology, which meets at Turin next year.

DR. N. WILLE, professor of botany in Christiania, has been elected a foreign member of the Academy of Sciences at Stockholm.

DR. DAVID STARR JORDAN, of Stanford University, expects to spend the present summer abroad.

DR. N. L. BRITTON, director of the New York Botanical Garden, sails for Europe on May 27 to attend the International Botanical Congress, which meets at Vienna from June 11 to 18, and to visit foreign botanical gardens. He will be absent for about six weeks. WE learn from the Botanical Gazette that Professor W. A. Kellerman, of Ohio State University, has returned from a three months' exploration of Guatemala with a large amount of material, especially of parasitic fungi.

DR. E. KOKEN, professor of geology at Tübingen, is about to return from a geological expedition to southern India and Ceylon.

DR. P. H. OLSSON-SEFFER, instructor in botany in Stanford University, will go to Soconusco, one of the southern provinces of Mexico, where he will spend three months experimenting with the Mexican rubber tree for the Zacualpa Rubber Plantation Company.

PROFESSOR A. JACOBI has been appointed to represent the faculty of medicine of Columbia University at the International Congress of Medicine to be held in Lisbon in April, 1906. DR. WILLIAM OSLER sailed for Liverpool, on May 20, to assume the duties of the regius professorship of medicine at Oxford.

PROFESSOR IRA N. HOLLIS, professor of engineering at Harvard University, will be absent next year on leave.

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR D. S. SNEDDEN, of the department of education of Stanford University, has been given leave of absence for next year; Associate Professor E. P. Cubberley and Mr. A. H. Suzzallo, who have been spending the present year at Teachers College, Columbia University, will next year resume their work in the department of education.

PROFESSORS JOHN C. SMOCK and EDWARD B. VOORHEES, of Rutgers College, have been appointed to serve on the New Jersey State Forestry Commission.

DR. J. ADERHOLD has been appointed director of the newly established Imperial Biological Institute for Agriculture and Forestry at Berlin.

THE Paris Geographical Society has awarded its gold medal to Dr. Paul Doumer.

HENRY COOK BOYNTON, instructor in mining and metallurgy at Harvard University, has been awarded the Carnegie research scholarship of $500 by the Iron and Steel Institute of London.

PROFESSOR RUSSELL H. CHITTENDEN, director of the Sheffield Scientific School, has been invited to deliver the annual Shattuck lecture before the Massachusetts Medical Society.

FOREIGN papers state that it is again proposed to affix a marble tablet to the Villa Medici, which is French property, to remind passers by and posterity that Galileo was kept prisoner there from June 24 to July 6, 1633. Italy has already erected a small monument to Galileo at the very door of the villa, with the following inscription: "The neighboring palace, which belonged to the Medici, was the prison of Galileo Galilei, guilty of having seen the earth revolving round the sun."

THE deaths are announced of Dr. Henry Dufet, professor of physics at Paris, in his fifty-seventh year; of Dr. C. Eckhardt, professor of physiology at Giessen, in his eightythird year; of Dr. Andreas Kornhuber, emeritus professor of natural history in the Institute of Technology at Vienna, in his eighty-fourth year; of Professor A. Piccini, professor of chemistry at Florence, and of Colonel Renard, director of the National Aeronautical Park at Meudon.

PLANS for the International Congress of Radiology and Ionization to be held at Liége, September 12-14, 1905, are being rapidly matured. The Comité de Patronage' has been carefully selected and is an unusually dignified body, consisting of MM. Arrhenius, Barus, Becquerel, Berthelot, Birkeland, Blondlot,

Bouchard, Crookes, Curie, D'Arsonval, Drude, Elster, Geitel, Goldstein, Hittorf, Kelvin, Larmor, Lenard, Lodge, Lorentz, Mascart, Nernst, Poincaré, Potier, Ramsay, Rayleigh, Riecke, Righi, Rutherford, Schuster, J. J. Thomson, Voigt and Wiedemann. It is hoped that an American committee may be arranged for at an early date, or at least that papers of a finished character may be sent from this country to the congress.

THE Congrès des Sociétés savants met this year in Algeria under the presidency of M. Héron de Villefosse, president of the archeological section of historic and scientific work.

THE following resolution was passed by the council of the Society of Arts at their meeting, held on May 8: "In view of the feeling which appears to have been aroused amongst some of the proprietors of the London Institution with regard to the proposed amalgamation with the Society of Arts, and the consequent probable difficulties of effecting a harmonious fusion of the two corporations into a single institution, the council of the Society of Arts have decided not to take any further action in the matter, and hereby discharge the committee which, at the instance of the board of managers of the London Institution, they appointed to consider the scheme for amalgamation."

THE U. S. Civil Service Commission announces an examination on June 21, 1905, to secure eligibles from which to make certification to fill the following named vacancies in the positions of aid and laboratory apprentice (male) in the Bureau of Standards, Department of Commerce and Labor, and vacancies as they may occur in any branch of the service requiring similar qualifications: Three aids, at $600 per annum each; one laboratory apprentice, at $480 per annum; one laboratory apprentice, at $540 per annum.

Ir is announced that President Roosevelt will soon issue a proclamation setting aside about ten million acres of land in Idaho as a forest reserve.

THE following subject has been selected as the subject for the Jacksonian prize of the Royal College of Surgeons for 1906: The

Diagnosis and Treatment of Those Diseases and Morbid Growths of Vertebral Column and Spinal Cord and Canal which are Amenable to Surgical Operations.'

ALTHOUGH detailed statistics for the production of gold during the last year are not yet available, Mr. Waldemar Lindgren, of the U. S. Geological Survey, has made some prognostications as to the distribution of the production among different classes of ore deposits. A preliminary estimate of the production of each state and territory was given out by the director of the Mint at the first of the year. According to this estimate, the production of gold in the United States during 1904 amounted to $84,551,300. After a period of very rapid advance in the gold production from 1892 to 1900, inclusive, during which an increase from $33,000,000 to $79,000,000 took place, there were two years of nearly stationary output and one year of decided decrease. It is, therefore, very satisfactory to find that the production of gold has risen again to record figures, the estimate being $84,551,300 against $73,591,700 for 1903. Mr. Lindgren classifies the gold production according to its derivation from placers, dry or quartzose ores, copper ores and lead ores. He estimates the production of gold from placers at $12,900,000, from quartzose gold and silver ores at $62,754,000, from copper ores at $4,300,000 and from lead ores at $4,600,000, making a total production of $84,554,000, a sum that practically agrees with the estimate of the director of the mint. Alaska is the largest producer of placer gold and should show a gain of at least $200,000, the output being estimated at $5,800,000. California will show an increase which may reach $800,000, the production being estimated at $4,800,000. The production of gold from quartzose gold and silver ores is subdivided by Mr. Lindgren into the production of pre-Cambrian quartz veins, $5,454,000; of Mesozoic quartz veins in the Pacific coast belt, $21,600,000; and of Tertiary gold quartz veins in the Rocky Mountains and Great Basin, $35,700, making a total of $62,754,000. THE Belgian Royal Academy has, as ported in Nature, issued the following lists of

prize subjects for 1905 and 1906: for 1905, in mathematical and physical sciences, on the combinations formed by halogens; on physical, particularly thermal, phenomena accompanying dissolution; on linear complexes of the third order; and on the deviation of the vertical treated from the hypothesis of the non-coincidence of the centers of mass of the earth's crust and nucleus. In natural sci

ences, on the function of albuminoids in nutrition; on the reproduction and sexuality of Dicyemidæ; on the silicates of Belgium; on the formations of Brabrant between the Bruxellian and the Tongrian; on certain Belgian deposits of sand, clay and pebbles; on the sexuality of the individuals resulting from a single ovum in certain diœcious plants; and on the development of Amphioxus. For 1906 the subjects in mathematical and physical sciences are: on critical phenomena in physics; on n-linear forms (n>3); on thermal conductivity of liquids and solutions; and on the unipolar induction of Weber. In natural sciences, on the Cambrian series of Stavelot; on the effect of mineral substances on the assimilation of carbon by organisms; on the effects of osmotic pressure in animal life; on the tectonic of Brabrant; on the soluble ferments of milk; and on the physiological action of histones.

The essays for 1905 and

1906 are to be sent in by August 1 of the respective years, and the prizes range from $120 to $200 in value. In addition, prizes bequeathed by Edward Mailly and in memory of Louis Melsens are offered under the usual conditions for astronomy and applied chemistry or physics respectively.

UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL NEWS. THE cornerstone of the library building of Leland Stanford Junior University was laid on May 15. The building will cost $800,000. At the ceremonies an address to the students by Mrs. Stanford was read. In it she makes the amount realized from the sale of her jewels, which are estimated to be worth $500,000, an endowment fund for the library.

GRADUATES of Yale University have arranged to purchase for the university the Hillhouse

estate, containing thirty acres and costing $510,000. This purchase fixes definitely the direction of Yale's growth northward beyond the present site of the Sheffield Scientific School.

It was announced at the meeting of the Yale Corporation, on May 15, that a gift had been received by Yale from a Harvard graduate-whose name was withheld-for the purpose of cementing the good feeling between the two universities. The use of the fund was left entirely to the Yale Corporation, which has voted to expend it for securing from time to time lecturers from Harvard to speak before the students of Yale. President Eliot, of Harvard, has accepted the corporation's invitation to be the first lecturer.

THE University of Indiana has been granted $100,000 by the state legislature for the erection of a new library.

WORK is about to be started on the new science hall of Colby University, which will be erected at a cost of about $90,000.

DR. D. K. PEARSONS, of Chicago has made a gift of $50,000 to Montpelier Seminary at Montpelier, Vt., which he attended, conditional upon the institution raising $100,000 within a year.

AT the annual meeting of the National Academy of Design it was voted to accept the offer of Columbia University to form an affiliation. It is planned to collect $500,000 for a building, which will be erected on a site furnished by Columbia University.

THE University of North Dakota will open a medical college in the autumn of 1905. Until the clinical advantages are adequate the medical course will extend only through the first and second years of the four years' curriculum. Students who have completed the work at the University of North Dakota will be received into the junior year of the medical schools with which articulation is arranged.

The Medical College at Bahia, Brazil, with its equipment and valuable library, has almost totally been destroyed by fire.

DUBLIN UNIVERSITY has recently opened its degrees to women, and the first result has

been somewhat curious. Students who have done their work at Oxford or Cambridge may receive the bachelor's degree at Dublin. As is well known, Oxford and Cambridge do not give their bachelor's degree to women, and eighty-four women who had completed the work for the degree at these universities have received the degree from Dublin on the payment of $50 each.

PROFESSOR ASAPH HALL, JR., has resigned as professor of astronomy and director of the observatory at the University of Michigan. Professor W. T. Hussey, of the Lick Observatory, has been elected his successor. Professor Hussey was graduated from Michigan in 1889.

SAMUEL J. BARNETT, assistant professor of physics at Stanford University, has accepted the chair of physics at Tulane University, vacant by the resignation of Dr. Brown Ayres to accept the presidency of the University of Tennessee.

THE department of physics in the University of California has secured the appointment of Dr. A. S. King and Dr. A. W. Gray for the coming year, as instructors. Dr. King will continue the spectroscopic investigations on which he has published already a number of papers. Dr. Gray returns from the University of Leyden, where he has been working in the cryogenic laboratory, to a 'Research Instructorship on the Whiting Foundation,' supported from the income of the bequest of Harold Whiting, formerly associate professor of physics in the University of California.

AT Williams College, Mr. William E. McElfresh has been promoted to the Thomas T. Reed professorship of physics, and Mr. Herdman L. Clelland to a professorship in geology.

DR. E. B. HOLT has been appointed assistant professor of psychology at Harvard University.

DR. A. R. FERGUSON, senior assistant to the professor of pathology in Glasgow University, has been appointed professor of pathology in the Medical School, Cairo.

THE Council of the Linnean Society of New South Wales has appointed Mr. Harald I. Jensen to be the first Linnean Maclay fellow.