MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATURE, — continued. publication of speeches by, 569-572. - privilege of, in debate, &c., 556-558. MICHIGAN, right of, to admission to the Union under ordinance of 1787, 35, n. repeal of acts of Parliament in, 34, n. repeal of laws derived from France, 35, n. right of married women to property in, 74, n. special statutes authorizing sale of lands forbidden, 119, n. privilege of legislators from arrest, 163, n. limited time for introduction of new bills, 169. title of acts to embrace the object, 172, n. no act to be amended by mere reference to its title, 183, 184, n. time when acts are to take effect, 190, 191. restriction upon power to contract debts, 272. right of jury to determine the law in cases of libel, 399, n. liberty of speech and of the press in, 520, n. privilege of legislators in debate, 556, n. religious liberty in, 583, n. religious belief not to be test of incompetency of witness, 596, n. MILITARY BOUNTIES, by municipal corporations, when legal, 274–281. MILITARY COMMISSIONS, when not admissible, 394, n. MILITIA, (See MARTIAL LAW.) control of, 12, 24, 52, n. not to be called out on election days, 775. MILL-DAMS, construction of, across navigable waters, 740. MILL-DAM ACTS, do not confer vested rights, 481. constitutionality of, 666-669. MILLERS, regulation of charges of, 742-746. MINNESOTA, divorces not to be granted by the legislature, 133, n. revenue bills must originate in lower house, 160, n. title of acts to embrace the subject, 172, n. approval of laws by the governor of, 187. protection of person and property by law of the land, 436, n. liberty of speech and of the press in, 520, n. privilege of legislators in debate, 556, n. religious tests for office forbidden in, 583, n. religious belief not to be test of incompetency of witness, 596, n. MINORS, (See INFANTS.) MISCHIEF TO BE REMEDIED, may throw light on constitutional clause, 79, 223. constitutional provision respecting divorces, 133, n. time when acts are to take effect, 190. municipalities of, restrained from aiding public improvements, 266, n. liberty of speech and of the press in, 522, n. religious tests for office in, 583, n. compulsory support, &c., of religious worship forbidden, 584. MISSOURI, special statutes licensing sale of lands forbidden, 119, n. restrictions upon legislative power in constitution of, 155, 156, n. title of act to embrace the subject, 173, n. no act to be amended by mere reference to its title, 183, 184, n. special legislative sessions, 190, n. municipalities restrained from aiding public improvements, 266, n. privilege of legislators in debate, 556, n. religious tests for office forbidden in, 583, n. religious belief not to be test of incompetency of witness, 596, n. MONEY, coinage and regulation of, 11, 19. punishment of counterfeiting, 11, 25. bills for raising, to originate in lower house in some States, 160. odious nature of, 494. grant of, not presumed, 495. in navigable waters, 737, 738. MORAL OBLIGATIONS, recognition of, by municipal bodies, 255–257. MORTGAGES, right to possession under, cannot be taken away by legislature, 356. of legislative body not to be inquired into by courts, 165, 225–227. good, when a defence in libel cases, 577. MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS, question of formation or division of, may be submitted to people interested, 143. powers of local government may be conferred upon, 143–152, 230. legislature prescribes extent of powers, 230. charter of, the measure of their authority, 231. complete control of, by legislature, 207, n., 230, 233. whether it may compel them to assume obligations aside from their ordi- charter of, not a contract, 233. implied powers of, 235, 254, 255. effect of changes in, 232, n. charter to be strictly construed, 235. contracts, ultra vires, void, 237, 257, 258, 267. negotiable paper issued by, when valid, 259, 267. may exist by prescription, 239. powers thereof, 239. what by-laws they may make, 235, 241, 242. must not be opposed to constitution of State or nation, 241. nor to charter, 242. nor to general laws of the State, 242. nor be unreasonable, 243. nor uncertain, 246. cannot delegate their powers, 248-250. nor adopt irrepealable legislation, 251–253. nor preclude themselves from exercise of police power, 251-253. incidental injuries in exercise of powers give no right of action, 253. but not for refusal to perform duty, 259. may contract to pay for liquors destroyed, 257, n. powers of, to be construed with reference to the purposes of their crea- will not include furnishing entertainments, 258. or loaning credit or making accommodation paper, 259. power of, to raise bounty moneys, &c., 273-281. legislative control of corporate property, 289–295, 339. towns, counties, &c., how differing from chartered corporations, 296, 303- judgments against, may be collected of corporators, 296–303. but only in New England, 301, 302. not liable for failure of officers to perform duty, 303. chartered corporations undertake for performance of corporate duty, 302. corporate organization how questioned, 311, 312. bounds of, cannot be arbitrarily enlarged in order to bring in property obtaining water for, under right of eminent domain, 665. power of Congress over, 11. NAVIGABLE WATERS, made free by ordinance of 1787, 34, n. right of States to improve and charge toll, 34, n., 738. what are, and what not, 735. are for use of all equally, 736. general control of, is in the States, 737. congressional regulations, when made, control, 737. States cannot grant monopolies of, 737, 738. States may authorize bridges over, 738. when bridges become nuisances, 739. States may establish ferries across, 739, 740. States may authorize dams of, 740. regulation of speed of vessels upon, 741. frontage upon, is property, 680. NAVIGATION, (See WATERCOURSES.) right of, pertains to the eminent domain, 651. NEBRASKA, (See NAVIGABLE WATERS.) divorces not to be granted by legislature, 133, n. privilege of legislators from arrest, 163, n. title of acts to embrace the subject, 172, n. no act to be amended by mere reference to its title, 183, 184, n. NEBRASKA, — continued. liberty of speech and of the press in, 521, n. religious tests for office forbidden in, 583, n. religious belief not to be test of incompetency of witness, 596, n. is the basis of the right of eminent domain, 652, 672, 673. as a foundation for rights under betterment laws, 486. carriers of persons may be made responsible for deaths by, 725. when municipal corporations liable upon, 268-271, n. special statutes licensing sale of lands forbidden, 119, n. title of act to embrace the subject, 173, n. no act to be amended by mere reference to its title, 183, 184, n. special legislative sessions, 190, n. protection to person and property by law of the land, 436, n. religious tests for office forbidden in, 583, n. religious belief not to be test of incompetency of witness, 596, n. NEW ENGLAND CONFEDERACY, of 1643, why formed, 6. NEW HAMPSHIRE, judges of, to give opinions to the governor and to the legislature, 51, n. revenue bills must originate in lower house, 160, n. approval of laws, 186, 187, n. municipalities restrained from aiding public improvements, 266, n. constitutional provision respecting retrospective laws, 462, n. liberty of speech and of the press in, 518, n. privilege of legislators în debate, 556, n. religious liberty in, 584, 585, n. disqualifications from suffrage in, 753, n. NEW JERSEY, special statutes licensing sale of lands forbidden, 119, n. divorces not to be granted by legislature, 133, n. revenue bills must originate in lower house, 160, n. title of act to embrace the object, 172, 173, n. |