-etmek, eyl ايله مك ، ايتمك b. The passive form of the verbs .edilmék ايديلمك mek to do, perform is

Change the following verbs into this measure and give the meanings.

آچمق ، كيتمك 3 قيرمق ، وورمق 2 سومك ، ويرمك .1 ، اوطورمق ، بينمك .. chaghirmag to call چاغیرمق ، ايجمك .. بويورمي كورمك .to plant ديكمك 6 باقق

Reciprocal] كورشمك Geora.shmel .6

§ 268. This measure is formed by adding sh, (ish, oush, ish) to the root of the verb (§§ 52, 56). It changes the meaning of the verb into a reci

procal one; as:

geormék to see كورمك .georashmelk to see one another كوروشمك vouroushemaq to fight with one اور وشق vourmaq to beat اورمق

another.

تعلیم ۳۷

Exercise 37.

Change the following verbs into the sixth form.

.galmék to laugh كولك .aghlamag to cry, weep آغلامق

سومك oynamay to play اوینا dartmek to poke دورتك

dúrtmék

.bozmag to ruin, to disconcert بوزمق بولاق .someh

.Mata-la-at Remarks مطالعات

§ 269. a. The meaning of the Negative form is, of course, in general perfectly clear; but the negative form of the causal verbs, besides its ordinary signification, sometimes expresses a prohibition or prevention of the action being done. Thus ogout'mamaq means 'not to cause to read', but also 'to prevent some one from reading'; yazdir'mamaq 'not to cause to write', and also to prevent from writing.

§ 270. b. A Transitive verb, or a verb which has been converted into one, according to the rules mentioned above, may become doubly, and even triply, transitive, causative, or passive; as:

: ogoumag to read اوقومق .ogoun maq to be read او قوق

ogoutmaq to cause to read: | oqounoul'maq to be read.

: ogoutdourmaq to cause to cause to read او قوتديرمق .ogoutdourt maq to cause to cause to cause to read او قوتدير تق

.Reading Exercise تعليم قرائت

ممالك محروسه شاهانه نك تقسيملری .The Divisions of Turkey ممالك محروسه شاهانه ولايتلره ، ولا يتلو لوا یا خود سانج اقلره ، سانجاقار

قضالره قضالر ناحیه لره ، ناحیه لر دخی قریه لره تقسيم اولنور . ، ولا يتدن مسول اولان ذات والی سانجا قدن مسول اولان متصرف ، قضادن مسول اولان قائممقام ناحیه دن مسول اولان مدیر و قریه لردن مسول اولانلر اختیار مجلسلری و مختارلر در

ممالك محروسه شاهانه ۲۹ ولایته تقسيم اولنور . بوناردن آلتیسی آوروپاده ، یکرمی بری آسیاده ، بری آفریقاده و بری دخی

آق دگیزده در

3

3

Mémaliki Mahrouséyi Shahanéniñ taqsimléri. Mémaliki, Mahrouséyi Shahané1 Vilayétléré, Vilayétlér Liva yakhod Sanjaqlara, Sanjaqlar Qazulara, Qazalara Nahiyéléré, Nahiyélér5 dakki Qaryéléré 5a taqsim - olonours. -- Valayetden me soul ? olan s gatsu vali 9, Sanjaqdan me soul olan Mûtésar'rif 10, Qazadan mé'soul olan Qayim'magam 11, Nahiyédén me soul olan Müdir 12 vé Qaryélérdén mésoul olanlar13 Ikhtiyar méjlisléri14 vé moukhtarlar 15 dir.

Words. 1. The Protected Countries of His Majesty (Royal). 2. province. 3. a county, arrondissement 3a. a district, canton. 4. or. 5. a sub-district (parish or commune). 5a. village. 6. are divided. 7. responsible. 8. who is (who governs). 8a. person. 9. governor general. 10. governor. 11. sub-governor. 12. a governor of a subdistrict, mûdir. 13. who are. 14. bailiff courts. 15. bailiffs.

Mémaliki Mahrouséyi Shahané 29 vilayété taqsim olounour. Bounlardan altîşî Avropada, yirmi biri Asiyada, biri Afriqada vé digér biri dakhi Aq dénizdé dîr.

ممالك شاهانه نه به تقسيم اولنور؟ يكر مى طقوز قطعه ولايتلره تقسيم اولنور. بو ولايتارك نقدری آوروپاده در؟ آلتی قطعه سی آورو پاده در. آسیاده بولنان ولایتار قاچ قطعه در یکرمی بر قطعه در.

دیگر ایکیسی نره لرده در؟

لوا و یا خود سانجاق نه در ? والى كيمتري لوانك اداره سنه كيم مسؤلدر ? قائممقام کیمدر

[در .

بری آفریقاده و دیگری آق دکیزده

ولاتیدن آشاغی اولان تقسیمدر. ولايتك اداره سنه مسؤل اولان ذاتدر.

متصرفلر مسؤلدرلر.

قضانك اداره سنه مسؤل اولان بر

ناحيه نك اداره سنه كيم مسؤلدر ؟ مدير لر مسؤلدر.

قريه نه ديمك در؟

قريه لرك اداره سنه كيم مسؤلدر

كوى ديمكدر.

اختیار مجلساری و مختارلر مسؤلدرلر

ممالك شاهانه ده كى لوالرك عددى افندم ! او الرك عددی ۱۱۹ در.

قاچدر

قضالرك عددى قاچدر ؟

افندم ! قضالر ٥٥٠ قطعه در.

قاچ ناحیه و قاچ قریه وار در ? ناحيه لرك عددى ۱۳۹۰ و قریه لركل

$271. Compound verbs are formed by employing Arabic, Persian and Turkish words with the Turkish auxiliary verbs, or by affixing certain particles to nouns and adjectives in order to turn them into verbs.

1. Compound verbs, formed by using nouns
with auxiliary verbs.

§ 272. I. Compound Transitive verbs are constructed by uniting with nouns and adjectives (generally of Arabic and Persian origin) one of the four purely

or ايلمك ، ايتمك Turkish synonymous auxiliary verbs

Eloal! Galgos étmék, éylémék, qîlmaq, bouyourmaq, all meaning to do, to perform; but the first is most frequently used.

، سوال قيلمق ، سوال ايلمك ، سوال ايتمك : sival question سوال .a .to question سوال بويورمق

آزاد بویورمق ، آزاد قیلمق آزاد ايلمك ، آزاد ايتمك : azad free آراد .p

to free.

.to still, to hush صوص ايتمك : sous silent صوص .t

.to moisten; to wet پاش ايتمك yash moisture wet یاش .t

Note. The original meaning of bouyourmaq is to command, to deign, to be kind enough, but as an auxiliary it is used when the agent is a person of rank or is politely treated as such.

§ 273. II. Compound Intransitive verbs are formed by uniting Arabic or Persian adjectives and active and passive participles (ismi fayil, méfoul) to the intransitive verb olmaq "to be, to become"; as:

p.

a hasta sick:

.hasta olmag to be sick خسنه اولمق

.memnoun olmag to be glad ممنون اولمق : mémmon glad ممنون . :sous silent صوص .. .sous olmag to be silent صوص اولمق

§ 274. III. Compound Passive verbs are constructed with the same kind of words and with the passive form

bouyroulmaq, or more frequently with the passive forms

,edilmek, qalanmag بیورلق ، قيلنمق ، ايدلك of the auxiliaries

,olounmag to become اولنمق olmag viz اولمق of the verb

سوال بيورلمق ، سوال قیلنمق ، سوال اولنمق ، سوال ايدلمك : sival سوال a

to which there is nothing to correspond in English; as:

to be asked.

آزاد بیورلمق ، آزاد قيلنمق ، آزاد اولنمق ، آزاد ايدلمك :azad آزاد .p

to be free.

§ 275. IV. Compound Causal verbs are constructed with the same kind of words and with the causal forms

to cause to do.

,etdirmek, bouyourtmag بيورق ، ايتدرمك of the auxiliaries

: firoukhte sale فروخت .. firoukht étdirmek to فروخت ايتدرمك

qatl étdirmék to cause قتل ايتدرمك

cause to sell.

6. a. zouhour appearance. a. bina building.

7. a. vaz sermon. p.keor blind. 8. a. Li

hifz keeping. a. ghayrét labour. present, gift.

hediye هديه ..

2. Verbs derived from Nouns and Adjectives. § 276. I. Transitive verbs are formed from nouns and adjectives by the addition of

lamaq

a lémék to

to those containing hard vowels, and those containing soft vowels. When this termination is added to a noun, it has the meaning of to provide with, and when added to an adjective signifies to render; as:

Turkish Conv.-Grammar.

9