: geoz eye كوز .geoalemek to watch كوزله مك

: bash head باش .bashlamag to begin باشلامق : qara black قره

.qaralamaq to blacken قره لامق

: temiz clean تمیز .temizlemek to clean تميز له مك

§ 277. II. Intransitive and Passive verbs are formed by the addition of Elitky lénmék, lanmaq to nouns or adjectives; as:

.gazellenmek to grow pretty كوز للنمك .évlenmek to marry اولنمك

khîrslanmaq to be angry.hazirlanmaq to be ready.

§ 278. III. By adding simply amaq, E. -émék, -almaq, ⇓ -élmék, to the adjectives or nouns, another kind of Intransitive or Passive verbs is obtained; as:

: qan blood قان .qanamag to bleed قانامق

: goja old قوجه .gojamag to become old توجه مق yash age پاش .yashamaq to live يا شامق .choghamaq to increase چوغامق : choq much چوق : az little آز .azalmag to diminish آز المق

§ 279. IV. Some Intransitive verbs are formed

,leshmek - لاشمق ، لشمك from adjectives by the addition of

-lashmaq, meaning to grow, to become, to get (gradually).

§ 280. The same termination, however, added to nouns produces reciprocal verbs; as:

melitoublashmaq to corre مكتوبلاشمى

a. „K méktoub letter:

khaberleshmeh to commu خبر لشمك : khaber information خبر

spond.

nicate (intelligence).

§ 281. V. Causal compound verbs are obtained

by inserting

t in the first and 3rd forms and dir

in the 2nd and 4th forms.

.bashlatmag to let be begun با شلاق ...

.evlendirmék to make marry اولندرمك ..

.choghaltmag to make abound چوغا تم ... .eyileshdirmék to make grow gradually better اولشدرمك .4

§ 282. VI. There are some exceptions to the above

mentioned rules; as:

:yan side یان

: sara yellow صاری

.yanashmag to approach یا نا شوق

sararmaq to grow yellow.

.sousamag to thirst صوصا ouzamag to longate اوزاق

.parlamag to shine پارلامق .ajigmag to be hungry آجقمق

Form verbs from the following words.

I., II., V. 1. ‚ī av game. 2. p. „ meõhûr a seal. 3. a. j

مهر

پول ؛ كاغد طوز

,bosh empty بوش,qourou dry قورو ، اسکی .postage stamp. III

summer, gúz autumn. 6.

oil, ¿ bagh bind, tie. 7. touz salt, : J2 poul

tash stone, ¿ yagh

benz countenance,

ékshi sour,

génj young.

giti كوج ؛ آلqoujan bosom قوجاق,pay portion پای .IV يشيل ، red قيزيل كوچوك ira big VI ایری hard

The Potential Verb.

§ 283. To be able to do an action is expressed

by the verb

bilmek 'to know, to be able' put after

hé

the root of any verb, with he joined to it. This is called in Turkish the Potential verb. It somewhat resembles the Potential mood of the English verb. But this is a class of verbs in the Turkish language, which has all the moods, tenses and modifications which the regular verbs have; as:

6

.yazabilmek to be able to write, i, e يازه يلمك : يازه ، yazmag يازمق

to know how to write.

sévmék

.sevébilmek to be able to love, i, e سوه يلمك : سوه ، seomik سومك

to know how to love.

، bilmek بيلمك

.bilebilmek to be able to know, i.e بيله ييلمك : بيله

to know how to know.

§ 284. If the root of the verb end in a vowel, a yé is inserted between the stem and hé (§ 53); as:

sooyleyebilmek to be able سويله يه يلمك ؛ سويله seylemek V سويلهمك

to speak.

§ 285. The negative which expresses inability

or impossibility, is made by adding -mamaq or

memeh to the stem of the verb instead of - مه مك ، ممك

bilmek; as:

یازه بیلمه مك yaza mamaq not to be able to write not یازه مامق

.oqouya'mamaq not to be able to read او قويه مامق gidémémék not to be able to go كيده ممك or كيده مه مك

Accelerative Verbs.

§ 286. By adding the verb El

vermék to the

root of any verb, another verb is formed which expresses doing the same action, but in a very off-hand way. This verb is called by native grammariansão leś Fee-li Tajil Accelerative verb or Verb of Facility.

§ 287. If the root of the original verb end in a consonant it takes a vowel yé after it; and if it end in a vowel the syllable -yi must be added to it ($ 53); as:

.vazi vermek to write quickly يازي ويرمك ؛ يازV : يازمق .ogouyou vermek to read quickly او قولي ويرمك ؛ اوقوV : اوقومق

Change the following verbs into the affirmative and negative forms of the Potential and Accelerative verbs.

، ايجمك ، آچمق 2 ؛ اورمق ، قیرمق ، كورمك ، كلمك .1 ، كوسترمك 4 ؛ كسدرمك ، deoymel دوكمك 3 ؛ delimeh دوكمك ؛ وعظ ايتمك ، سويلتمك ، كچيرمك . ؛ cortimeh اورتونك مهر لتدرمك 8 ؛ باشلامق ، هدیه اولنمق ، آلامق 7 ؛ ترجمه ايتمك .6 باشلاق ، باشلاق 9 ؛ باشلامامق

K Conversation.

اولنمك نيتنده ميسكز ? - خير افندم ! بن اولنمك نيتنده د کلم . آنام بابام بنى اولندرمك نيتنده درلر ۲۰ شو قد حلری ییقامق لازم می ? - اوت افندم ! هیسنی ده تميز لمك لازمدر. . ۳ آرسلان آولامق قولای میدر ? خير ! كوجدر ؛ هم ده چوق تهلکه لیدر .

بوسنه نره يه كيتمك مرامنده سكز ! - صامسونه عزيمت وعودت

ايتمك نيتنده يم . ه بو درسی ترجمه ايتمك فولايميدر ? - يك قولايدر

1. niyét, méram intention. 2. téhliké danger.

.Reading Exercise تعليم قرائت

.The Provinces ولايتار

ممالك محروسه شاهانه نك آورویا قطعه سنده بولنان ولایتلری شونار در ادرنه ، سلانيك ، قوصوه ، يانيه ، اشقودره ، مناستر.

آسیا قطعه سنده بولنان ولايتار : هجاز ، یمن ، بصره ، بغداد ، موصل، حلب ، سوريه ، بيروت، خداوندکار ، قونیه ، آنقره (انگورو) ، آیدین ، آطنه ، قسطمونی، سیواس ، دیار بکر ، بیتلیس ، ارضروم ، معمورت العزيز ، وان ، طربزون . افریقا قطعه سنده : طربلس ؛ آق دکیزده جزائر بحر سفید. بونارك مركز لری شونلر در هجاز کی جده ؛ سوریه نککی شام ، خداوند کارکی بروسه آیدینگکی از میر ، معمورت العزیز ککی خرپوت ، و دیگر لوکی همناملری اولان شهرلر در .

Vilayétlér.

Mémaliki Mahrouséyi Shahanenin Avropa qit'asinda1 boulounan vilayétléri shounlar dir: Edirné2, Sélanik3, Qosova, Yan'ya, Ishqodra, Monastir.

Asiya qit'asinda boulounan vilayétlér: Hijaz, Yémén, Basra, Baghdad, Mousoul, Haléb, Sûriya", Beyrout, Khudavendigiar, Qonya", Angaré (Engûru), Aydin, Adana, Qastamouni, Sivas, Diyarbékir, Bitlis, Erzroum, Mamourétúl-Aziz, Van, Trabzoun.

Afriqa qit'asinda: Tarablous9; Aq-Dénizdé: 1Jézayiri зbahri 2séfid10.

Bounlarin mérkézléri11 shounlar dîr: Hijazîñki Jiďdé; Sûriyaninki Sham 12, Khudavéndikiariñki Brousa, Aydiniñki Izmir 13, Mamourétúl-Azizinki Kharpout, vé digérlérinki hémnamlari 14 olan 15 shehirler dir.

Words. 1. part, segment. 2. Adrianople. 3. Thessalonica. 4. Aleppo. 5. Syria. 6. Iconium. 7. Galatia. 8. Cilicia. 9. Tripoli. 10. (the islands of the White Sea) Archipelago, Rhodes. 11. centre, central city of the province. 12. Damascus. 13. Smyrna. 14. having the same name, homonymous. 15. which are.