.19 Lesson درس ۱۹ The Derivative forms of the Infinitive. § 288. There are three formations of verbal Substantives derived from the Infinitive: By appending to the Infinitive the syllables-liq, -lik, and by affixing to the root of the verb the terminations doma, mé; -ish, ish, the three derivative یش مه 2. Vgu sér: au sévmé Loving, the action of loving. سو 3. Vâ~ sév: → sévish Loving, the mood of loving. سو § 289. Turkish Infinitives and verbals are frequently used substantively, and when so used they can be declined like substantives, with or without the pronominal affixes. Note. The Plurals are not in common use. § 290. The first, second and third forms of these Verbal Derivative nouns are often used with the pronominal affixes; as: § 291. Turkish Infinitives govern nouns and pronouns, which are always put before them; the object is to be put in the nominatival form, if indefinite; and in the accusative if definite. This is the case also for Verbal nouns and Participles (§§ 83, Note, 251); as: .hitabi achmag to open the book کتابی احمق .kitab ogoumaqliq reading a book كتاب اوقومقلق .sou ichme drinking some water صو ایچمه § 292. The logical subject of the Infinitive is to be put in the Genitive case: or to use another expression, the infinitive or verbal noun, if considered as a substantive, requires a noun or pronoun before it in the genitive. In the case of Pronouns this is not always necessary, as the affixed pronoun represents the logical subject; as: .benim gelmem, gelmem my coming كلمهم ، بنم كلمه م .senin gelmékliyin your coming سنك كل مكلكك .efendimizin gélishi the coming of our Lord افنديمزك كليشى § 293. If the Infinitive is to be used as the object, it may be put in three different cases: With neuter verbs following it is always in the dative; with active verbs, if the object is definite, in the accusative; if indefinite, it assumes a nominatival form (§ 83, Note); as: .ogoumagha bashlamag to begin to read اوقومغه باشلامق jal aj yazma bilmez' he does not know how to write. jahu alej yazmaqlîghî bilméz he does not know the writing. § 294. The first Derivative formed from the Infinitives denotes the act, the action. The negative of this form is composed in two ways: yazmamaalig يازما مزلق yaz mamaqliq and يازما مقلق Méktoubon yazmamazliq étmé Don't fail to write the letter. § 295. But the negative, dative and ablative forms when used with some verbs mean to behave as if: Geor ́mémézlikden géldi, geòr ́mémézliyé vourdou He pretended not to see. Tanimamazlıq étmék To behave as if not acquainted. § 296. The second Derivative of the Infinitive is dognoj sérmé, yazma' the mode of writing, the manner of loving; loving, writing. Always accent the last syllable. § 297. The pronunciation and the spelling of this second form is just the same as that of the second person Imperative negative singular; but the accent is decisive. The second Derivative has the accent on the last syllable, while in the Imperative the penultimate (the syllable before the negative suffix) is accented: سومه yazma writing, to write: yaz ́ma don't write (thou). sévmé' loving, to love: sév'mé don't love (thou). § 298. The English Impersonal verbs and those verbs whose objects are not mentioned, but understood, are rendered in Turkish as follows. The subject of the Impersonal verb and the object must be mentioned; as: The Infinitive used as a Substantive. $ 299. It has been several times mentioned that the Infinitive is regarded as a noun, and that, like a noun, it is liable to every kind of change which the noun undergoes (§ 289). The student will understand these peculiarities from the study of the following examples. purpose of writing. yazmag achin, yazmaq agre for the يازمق ایچون ، يازمق اوزره -yazmaqsasan, yasmagsiz without or be يازمقسزين ، يازمقسز fore writing. alilī alij yazmaqʻla, almaqla by writing, by taking. yazmaya niyeti yog he has no intention يازمه يه نيتى يوق yaamaqdan maqsedim my intention in يازمقدن مقصدم to write. writing. instead of writing. yazmaqdan ise يازمقدن ايسه yazmadan ise يازمه دن ایسه .dishmeni sevmekde in loving the enemy دشمنى سومكده jjj gél ́médén, yaz ́madan without, before coming, writting. bize gelmeden git me do not go before you بزه کلمه دن کیتمه come to see us. jak douva éť médén before prayer [praying]. .yazmaqda iken while I was writing يازمقده ايكن .gelme si azerine on his coming کلمه سی اوزرینه .gelmesiyle gitmesi his coming and going کلمه سیله کیتمه سی .seoyleyishi his manner of speech سویله یشی $ 300. The Continuative tenses are formed from the Infinitive as in the following examples: یاز مقده در لر، یاز مقده سکز ، یاز مقده یز ، یاز مقده در ، یاز مقده سین ، یاز مقده یم yazmaqda ́yim, -'sin. -'dir, -'yiz, -'siniz, -'dirlar. I am writing .. .yaghmour yaghmagda idi it was raining ياغمور يا عقده ايدى .dikish dikmekde ise if he is sewing ديكيش ديكمكده ايسه yémék yémékdé“ imish (I heard that) he was eating. qar yagmaqda it snows. § 301. Some of the derivatives of the second and third forms are used as common nouns (§ 443); as: .yetishmet to reach تشمك .khayrli better خير لي at. |