Imágenes de páginas
PDF
EPUB

ادراكه مالك اولديغم ایچون هر برشی ایچون دوشونه بیلیرم . مثلا : بر خانه به نیچون قاپو پنچره ، اوجاق لازم اولديغنی ؛ پنچره لره جامك نيچون طاقیلدیغنی ؛ بر قابه نیچون قولاپ قونو لدیغنی

12

9

10

13

آکلاریم . بر چیزمه یا عمق ایچون دمیر یا خود پا چاوره 1 قوللا نیلم ایوب ده

[blocks in formation]

کندی هوسمه

17

16 ، فكرمه اويما يوب آنامه ، بابامه ، خواجه لریمه

اطاعت ايتمكلكم لازم اولديغنى بيليرم.

(معلم ناجي 18)

4. idrak intellect. 5. = malik oldoughoumdan: malik ol." to possess. 6. ojaq a hearth. 7. necessary. 8. jam glass. 9. daqmaq to put, affix. 10. qab vessel. 11. qoulp handle. 12. chizmé out of door shoes. 13. pachavra a clout, rag. 14. méshin leather. 15. farq ét." to distinguish. 16. hévés a mania, wrong desire. 17. ita-at et. to obey. 18. Mou-al'lim Naji. Professor Naji (a distinguished Turk author 1850-94).

.31 Lesson درس ۳۱

Nouns and Adjectives derived from Verbs.

صفت مشبهه .Verbal Adjective

يجى

§ 436. The regular form of the Verbal Adjectives (Siféti Múshéb'bihé) ends in iji, -îjî, -oujou and it is derived from every kind of verbs, except Passive and Reciprocal verbs; as (§ 53):

yaziit one whose business یازیچی ؛ یاز : yazmag to write يازمق

is to write, a clerk.

is to sell, a seller, a dealer.

satine one whose business اتیجی ؛ صات satmag to sell: V صاعق

ogouyoujou one who او قوییجی ؛ او قو ogouman to read اوقومق

habitually reads, a reader; inviter.

to invite:

- siliji a profes سیلیجی؛ سیل silmek to wipe, to be out سيلمك

sional scrubber of floors.

§ 437. This form resembles the Subjective Present Participle in meaning (§ 401). The difference is that, while

yazan, satan, oqouyan, pishirén mean 'one who occasionally writes, sells, reads, or cooks', the Verbal Adjectives yaziji, satiji, oqouyoujou, pishiriji respectively mean 'one who habitually does so, whose occupation is to write, to read, to cook', that is to say 'clerk, 'reader' and 'cook'.

§ 438. There are other forms of verbal nouns and adjectives which do not always occur, not being formed from all roots, but they can be divided into classes

as:

§ 439. I. If the verbal root ends in a vowel, a verbal noun or adjective is obtained by omitting the mim of the Infinitive termination.

sovoug cold (§ 36).

.charal rotten چوروك chartmek to rot چورومك

.ishlek that works well, smoothly ايشلك : ishlemek to work ايشله مك

sovoumaq to be cold:

§ 440. II. If the verbal ends in a consonant, the mim of the Infinitive is changed into vav, or yé:

achmaq to open آچمق .achiq open آچیق

: bozmag to spoil بوزق .bozouq spoilt بوزوق

§ 441. III. By removing the Infinitive ending

qoun, -gin, -ghoum غون ، قین ، قون and adding مك ، مق

or ¿¿-gûn, -gin to the root, another class of verbals is formed; as:

.sûrgin an exile سوركون

:sarmek to banish سورمك

.pishgin well baked پیشکین : pishmék to become cooked پيشمك

[blocks in formation]

§ 442. IV. Sometimes-li, -lou or § -i, -î,

-ou, -û is added to the root:

.qapali shut قاپالی

:qapamag to shut قاپاق

.gizli hidden كيزلي

:girlemek to hide كيز له مك

So also: saqlő hidden;

;dolou full طولى

asili hung آصیلی

.eola dead اولو

§ 443. V. The second and third forms of Derivative Infinitives are regarded as regular verbal nouns, as we have seen (§ 301):

.dekmé cast دوکمه

.basma printed باصمه

.élverishli sufficient الوير يشلى .asma suspended آصمه

§ 444. VI. Some of the verbal nouns are formed by the addition of

[ocr errors]

-im, -îm, -oum to the root:

:yemek to eat يهمك ، يمك

:eolmek to die اولمك .olam death اولوم

yém food.

ichim a draught.

:ichmek to drink ايجمك

§ 445. VII. Others are made by the addition of

S',' ¿ -i, -î, -ou, -gi to the stem:

:yazmaq to write يازمق .yazd writing یازی

:qorg mag to fear قورقق .qorqou fear قورقو

:ichmék to drink ايجمك

Sichgi intoxicating liquid.

§ 446. VIII. Another class of verbals is obtained from the passive verbs, by adding to the stem (§ 265): ¿ 3

.sevinj joy سوینج sevinmek to be joyful سوينمك

.odinj vulgar on dij aloan اودونج denmék to be paid اودنك ;galanj laughable كولونج : Similarly .osanj tiresome اوصانج ;qazanj profit قازانج .qisganj jealous قيصقانج

3 > -indi, -ti, -di,

§ 447. IX. By adding

another class of verbals is obtained:

.bouyroultou an order بیورلی : bouyroulmag to be ordered بيورلمق

[blocks in formation]

,patirti, jayirti كورولتی ، ایکیلتی ، چاتیرتی ، جاييرتى ، پاتیرتی

chatîrtî, iñilti, gûrûltû all mean a continuous or repeated clattering, noise, roar, hissing, creaking, crackling, rending and tearing of the sea, wind, lion etc.

§ 448. X. The Noun of Excess is formed by the addition of¿-qan, -ghan, -ghêj to the stem:

.chalashqan assiduous چالیشقان : chalishmaq to work چالیشمق :ishitmek to hear ايشيتمك .ishitgen quick to hear ايشيتكن .ounoutqan', ounonutghan forgetful اونوتغان ، او نوتقان : Similarly .yapashqan sticky یا پیشقان

.süzgej a strainer سوزکج .daghi diver الفيج

yûzgéj a skilful swimmer.

soloughan shortness of breath, roaring.

§ 449. XI. The Noun of Location derived from the verb is obtained by adding - to the root, if it ends in élif, and -aq if it does not end in that letter:

.yatag bed ياتاق ، يات

.otlag a pasture اوتلاق ، اوتلا

yatmag ياتق

:otlamag او تلامق

-yay lag, yayla a sum یایلا ، پایلاق : yayalmag to pasture يا يلمق

mer-residence, or pasturage.

qishla winter quarters, military headquarters, barrack.

§ 450. XII. Instrumental Nouns obtained from the verb, are formed irregularly:

élék a sieve.

:elemek to sift الهمك

.darag a comb طارق ، طراق : daramag to comb طراق ، طارمق .orag a sickle اوراق sarga sliding bar of a door سورکی

[blocks in formation]

Sal bileyi a whetstone, from a bilémék to sharpen.

تعليم ٦٨

Exercise 68.

Change the following verbs into verbal nouns or adjectives:

;to desire, to wish ايسته مك ;islamag to wet ايصلامق ..

Ela dilémék to ask, to make a request;

maq to lop;

úrkmek to startle.

bouda

oyanmag to اویانمق ;artmag to remain over آرتق ...

[blocks in formation]

-almag to grow lake ایلیم ; silmek to wipe سيلمك ;to be burnt

;qachmaq to flee احمق ;qorqmay to fear قورقق ;warm

Elő, éôrtmék to shut; késmék to cut; qîrmaq to break.

III. 35 yormaq to weary; dolmaq to be filled;

يورمق

olmag اولمق ;dalmag to become plunged in thought دالم

-his كسمك ;shashmag to be stupid شاشمق ;to be ripe

mék to cut; yilmaq to be frightened.

VI. almaq to take, buy; satmaq to sell;

بيجمك ;youdmag to swallow يودمق ;atmag to throw آتم

bichmék to cut, to shape;

Elμm sévmék to love;

flee, to let fall from a hight;

VII.

yapmaq to build;

s dilmek to cut into slices;

ouchourmaq to cause to

yildirmaq to flash.

elmék to die;

éôlchmék to measure; El bilmék to know; El vér

قا یامی ortmek to cover اور تمك ;wik to give, to pay tribute

« AnteriorContinuar »