کوزی وار سزده ، کوز یومار ميسكز20 ? آوجیدن مرحمت اومارميسكز؟ بویله ایشلر سزای لعنتدر . شان دکل، شين آدميتدر؛ جان ياقان شخصی خوش کورور می الله ? کیمه آكلاتمالی ? نه یا مالی ? آه ! صوصیگز! قوشجيغزلرم ! صوصیگز ! بركون ایتمش ایدم شوبرده قراره ایکی قبر لانغیج ایله یوردی گذار. او توشورلردى بختيارانه ، بن ده عود تارين ايدوب تبريك ، ناكهان آتش ایتدی بر صیاد 28 اولدی بی چاره يولجيلر برباد 29 . اتقا ايله يك برايادن . اوزاق اولمق ایچون بلایادن 30 ، اوله مازلر محب صادق و خير، بونارك اك رحيمي : قاتل طير . 43 44 بكا سويلتمه يك ! حقايقمى 46 ? بیلیریم کرچه ؛ وصفة لايقمی ? صوصیگز قوشجيغزلرم ! صوصیگز ! 20. yoummaq to shut, close. 21. sheeni adémeeyét: sheen shame; a. adémeeyét humanity (§ 581). 22. sézayî la ́nét detestable: séza subject; suitable, fitting; a. la'nét curse. () 23. a. qarar ét." to sit; qirlanghij swallow. 24. bakhtiyarané in a happy way (§ 528). 25. p. nésh ́vé pleasure; a. avdét arrival; a. tébrik ét." to congratulate. 26. a. zévqou shévq pleasure and mirth ($ 696); a. sherik companion. 27. nagéhan suddenly. 28. a. say yad hunter (§ 610). 29. bérbad ruined, lost (§ 557 e). 30. a. belaya evils, misfortunes. 31. a. it'tiqa ét." (from viqayė) to be cautious. 32. a. béraya men. (1) 33. a. khasayil character; a. éfkar opinion. 34. a. délayil tokens, proofs. 35. a. zou-a-fa the poor (ones). 36. véseelé-jouyi siteez: vésiléjouy who seeks for a pretext (to quarrel) (§ 535); siteez quarrel. 37. a. aqueeya the rich, the strong (ones). 38. khoonreez blood-shedder (§ 535). 39. zoulm abad a place of cruelty; hell. 40. alay troop. 41. a. jéľ'lad executioner (§ 609). 42. a. mouhibbi sadiq ou khayr ($ 696): mouhibb friend; a. sadiq just, true; khayr good. 43. a. raheem merciful. 44. a. qatil murderer; a. tayr bird. 45. a. vasf praising, eulogy. 46. a. haqayiq right, just. 648 قانادندن وورلدى برككليك. دست صیاده یاور اولدى تتيك 47، آکا وابسته 4 آولرك جلبي . قوشوب آلدی آنی همان کلبی سفك دمدن اولوری آدم شاد ؟ نه سويند ? نه كوندك ? ای صیاد ! 50 52 ظلمه بندن زياده لعنت ایدر 82 . بو ستمكرد بو قانلی شیمدی کیدر، 653 54 Į 55 نه در اغرب جهانده ? طبع بشرة هم سور شری؛ همده دشمن شره صوصيكز قوشجيغزارم! صوصیگز ! قوشارم ! مژده ! آوجیکز کیدییور کوردی بر باشقه او شتاب ایدییور؛ شیمدی آهنکه باشلايك يكيدن ؛ بركلن يوق ! تباعده ايتدى كيدن ؛ ویریگز مشر مجه 5 بر قونسر قالمادی شمديلك محل حذرة ، ، 58 659 اوتك ! اطرافى اوتديرك تكرار ! ویردی مهلت 60 زمانه 61 بر مقدار بور الردن یاربن ایدرسه گذر؛ 62 لكن اول ظالم طمع پرور صوصیگز ! قوشجيغزلرم ! صوصیگز ! ( معلم ناجی) (•) 47. yavér helper; tétik trigger; kéklik partridge. 48. a. kélb dog. 49. vabéste appropriated; a. jélb bringing, fetching. 50. séf ́ki dém shedding of blood. 51. sitémkér unjust, cruel (§ 529). 52. a. lanét ét." to curse. 53. a. shérr evil. 54. a. éghréb wonderful. 55. a. tab heart, nature; a. béshér humanity. (1) 56. p. mûzhdé! good news! a. tébayûd to disappear. 57. a. mahélli hazér place (= need) of caution, fear. 58. a. méshrébimjé as I like, according to my taste. 59. f. qonsér concert. 60. múhlét vérmék to grant a delay. 61. a. zémané, zéman Time; bir miqdar a little; a. zalim cruel. 62. tama-pérvér avaricious (§ 535). .43 Lesson درس 3 .The Gender of Arabic Nouns کیفیت § 562. There is no gender in Turkish or Persian, but there is in Arabic. With respect to gender Arabic nouns are divisible into two classes: a) those which are only masculine; b) those which are only feminine. There is no neuter gender in the language. § 563. That a noun is of the feminine gender (kéyfiyet) may be ascertained either from its signification or from its termination. a. The feminine nouns which are such because of their signification, are all words denoting females; as: az_ujanilo Hadijé, Zéynéb, Manya (fem. prop. names). .bint a daughter بنت arous a bride عروس ,valide a mother والده b. The feminine nouns and adjectives which are such by reason of their termination, are all substantives and adjectives ending in. or | (-é, -ét, -at, -t, -a), when those terminations do not belong to the root; as: محكمه,jen-net paradise جنت ,mémlélét a country مملکت mah ́kémé a court, kübra greater (§§ 29 c, 32 c, 610). But \. ma water, sûkút silence, a ténbeeh warning, vagit time: are not feminine, because. D their terminations are radical; i. e. (-a, -t, -h) belong to the root (§ 587). § 564. Masculine nouns and adjectives are usually rendered feminine by the mere addition of the letters hé, té (é, t), which are called feminine letters: cazeem great: jédd a grandfather: ¿ékh, úkh a brother: bén, bin a son: azeemé great (fem.). ojéddé a grandmother. ûkht a sister. bint a daughter. § 565. Note. When the noun is feminine, the adjective must agree with it, and be also of the feminine gender (§ 656). I Change the following masculine nouns into feminine ones: 6 5 ، نجیب ، وارث ، متصرف ، معلم ، خال ، عم 15 14 13 3 11 ، والد ، نبي 610 حامل ، غزال 12 ، فلان ، مومن مرحوم ، ثالث 18 ، شاعر ، ثاني 16 روج كريم ، شهيد ، ملك 20 ، صاحب ، باكر 10 ، اله 18 ، 617 .18 9 Words. 1. valid a father (genitor). 2. hafeed grandchild. 3. amm', vulg. ém'mi father's brother, uncle. 4. khal mother's brother, uncle. 5. mou-al'lim teacher. 6. mûtésar rîf owner; governor. 7. varis heir. 8. néjib noble. 9. hamil bearer. 10. mûmin believer. 11. filan so and so (man). 12. ghaz'zal gazelle. 13. mérhoum the deceased. 14. shayir poet. 15. salis third. 16. sanee second. 17. zévj husband. 18. ilah' god. 19. bachelor. 20. King. II. Ascertain whether the following words are feminine or masculine: 1 3 6 ، ظلمت ، نوری ، مسرت ، فوت ، موت ، اخت 4 ، بنت ، حبه نبات 11 ، بيت 10 ، حديقه ، مصلحت ؟ . نِعْمَتْ ، لُطف ، كَرَم 18 ، ابو 12 ، 13° 12 1. zoulmét darkness. 2. hab'bé a grain. 3. bint daughter. 4. sister. 5. mévt, 6. févt death. 7. mésér rét joy. 8. maslahat business. 9. hadeeqa garden. 10. béyt a house; a stanza. 11. nébat plant. 12. ébou father. 13. kérém, loutf, nimét kindness. کمیت .The Number of Arabic Nouns § 566. The Arabic language has three numbers (kémiyyét): Singular, Dual and Plural, and three cases (hal) in each number: Nom., Acc., and Genitive. § 567. Note. Of the three Arabic cases, only the Nom. and Acc. of the Singular and the Acc. of the Dual and Plural are in use in Ottoman, the Acc. of the Dual and Plural being used in place of the Nominative, and that too in a form shortened by the omission of the final short vowels. The Acc. Sing. is used only as an adverb in Ottoman (682). In the following Lessons the short final vowels and everything else not used in Ottoman are omitted, but the student will find them in Arabic phrases adopted into the language as single words ($ 666-670). .Tesmiye تشنه Dual. § 568. The Dual indicates two things of the same kind and is formed by adding -an and -éyn to the singular. [Compare with the-an of Persian (§509)]; as: :sahil sea-coast ساحل .sahiléym', sahilan two coasts ساحلان ، ساحلين : sils one third ثلث .salseyn', sûlsan two thirds ثلثان ، ثلثين qout the Pole قطب qoutbeyn', qoutban the two Poles. § 569. If the word end in hé (-é) feminine (hayi téénis), it is changed into té feminine (-t-) (tayi téénis), before the dual termination is added (§ 32 c, 564, 592): azi nuskhé a copy: di séfiné a ship: nuskhétéyn'. نسختين . sefineteyn سفينتين § 570. The following duals are much in use, although they do not indicate two things exactly similar to one another: haréméyn' the sacred cities of Mecca and Medina. Note that they do not mean 'two fathers', 'two husbands' and two moons'. .99 Exercise تعلیم ۹۹ Change the following nouns into the dual: 4 ضمه، دحيفه 8 ، جهَتْ ، مَنزِل ) سدس ، بَلْدَه ، شرطة ، طرف 18 ، جمله 12 Words. 1. ménzil a halting place; a house. 2. jihét a side; a quarter. 3. saheefé page. 4. zammé the vowel éotré. 5. shart condition. 6. béldé country. 7. sûds one sixth. 8. fiqra a sentence, paragraph. 9. shérik companion. 10. varis heir. 11. mérqoum the above said. 12. jûmlé clause. 13. taraf a side. 14. bahr a sea. The Plurals in Arabic. جمع Jém. § 571. There are two kinds of plurals in Arabic: a. One of these has only two forms, and is called the regular or sound plural (pluralis sanus), because |