30

29

(ضیا پاشا) یارد مجيسيدر طوغر يارك حضرتِ اه»

25. mazar'rat injuries, harms (§ 576). 26. sabit qadém firm and steadfast in resolve (§ 636). 27. réy opinion; judgment. 28. sadaqat fidelity, honesty. 29. ikrah disgust; enmity (§ 619). 30. Allah. Ziya Pasha a distinguished Turkish author, poet, historian and statesman (1809-79). Térkibi Bénd. A poem in stanzas of similar metre but of different rhyme, the distichs of each stanza rhyme excepting the last distich.

.44 Lesson درس ٤٤

.The Nisbé النسة

§ 579. The Noun of Relationship (én Nisbé, as it is called in Arabic), is formed by adding the termination See' to the noun, from which it is derived. It denotes that a person or thing belongs to or is connected therewith (in respect of origin, family, birth, sect, trade etc.) (Compare the Turkish and Persian Nisbés §§ 149, 526):

Ermén Armen (a fabulous Armenian hero):

Erménee belonging to Armen, Armenian.

shémsee' solar.

:shams the sun شمس

.dimishqee' a native of Damascus دمشق : dimishq Damascus دمشق

W. Muta-la-at: Remarks.

§ 580. a. The feminine termination of nouns or is omitted before adding this termination; as:

Kmékké Mecca:

:tabiyat nature طبیعت

"mék'kee' a native of Mecca.

b tabiyee' natural.

b. But if there is an élif preceding, it is retained:

zatee' personal.

:gat person ذات

: hayat life حیات .hayatee vital حياتي

c. If at the end of foreign (non-Arabic) proper names there is a hé (-a), it is changed into vav (-v-):

.Fransavee French فرانسوی

:Fransa France فرانسه : Amerigaree American آمريقوى Edirneree a native of ادرنو

Adrianople. d. When any Arabic word ends in short or long élif, it is changed into vav (§ 29 c, d):

.maneeee spiritual معنوی man'a meaning; spirit ( معنى ) معنا : danya world دنيا .dunyavee worldly دنیوی

.Isavee Christian عیسوی

:Isa Jesus عيسى

Beyza the town of Beyza: la béyzaveé a native of Béyza.

e. The tens of the numerals are made in the way which will soon be shown (§ 689).

f. There are other nouns of Relationship, the formation of which is irregular:

h. A noun of Relationship is never formed from the plural, even when the sense might seem to demand it, but always from the singular: for instance words

officers or letters' are never used, but their singular is

mémourinee, tahriratee relative to تحريراتي ، مأمورينى like

mémouree, tahriree relative to تحريري ، مأموري used

an officer or letter i. e. official, literary'.

i. Although this rule is very strictly observed in Arabic, yet in recent Ottoman literature there are some terms in current use formed from plurals, but they are regarded as barbarisms:

.qourveyi jounoudeeye the military forces قوه جنوديه

adgslistes mou-a-héda ́tî dûvéleeye the Treaties of the Powers. A jémeeyye'ti rousoumeeyé the Taxation Committee. The words jounoud, dúvél, rousoum, are the plurals of júnd army, dévlét 'empire' and résm tax.

The Abstract Noun. Ismi Mana.

اسم معنا

§ 581. Abstract nouns are formed by adding ~ ́。 (-yét, -yé) to the end of Nouns of Relationship; or

(-iyét, -iyé) to the end of nouns and adjectives (§§ 163, 541):

A méjidiyé the coin struck by Sultan Méjid.
bélédiyé the municipality, the city court.

a doukhouliyé admission fee, entrance-money.

§ 582. If a。 (-e, -yé, -a) is added to the end of Arabic Derivative Adjectives and Participles, and used alone without any noun to modify. The feminine Adjectives and Participles thus formed are regarded as feminine substantives (§ 421):

Turkish Conv.-Grammar.

20

§ 583. The following abstract nouns are solecisms, being formed in the Arabic manner from Turkish, Persian or European words and not from Arabic words; (§ 507):

:ariyet wealth واريت .. .germiyet ardour, zeal کرمیت .. -perishaniyet poverty پریشانیت serbestiyet freedom: p سربستيت .p -mahiye (monthly) salary ماهیه .qraliyet kingdom p قراليت ... .otlaqiye pasture-tax او تلاقيه . :politigiye politics پولیتیقیه f

.104 Exercise تعليم ١٠٤

f.

Form Nouns of Relationship and Abstract nouns from the following words:

62

063

6

بيضه تجَارَتْ ، مَاءٍ ، نَبَاتٌ ، مَادَّه ، ، بَيْت

عادت

13

سودا، 12

. نهار ليل ، مرذيفون ، يونان ، انكليز ، سَبَاء 18 ، سَوْد

40

لله

1"

، وَحْدَتْ ، ظُلمت ، نور ، رَبِّ 5808 ن • حق ، فوق

أهم"

61

طبع ، اسلام 581. ضبط ، شمس ، (ard) اَرض ' ملت . مشغول ، مأمور ، مَحْرُون ، ممنون ، مسرور

40 ، 5

2

. ثانى ، منظوم ، مُتَدَّم ، مُخْطِر ، لطيف ، رابط 582

1. adét custom. 2. béyza' egg. 3. béyt family, house.. 4. mad de matter, subject. 5. plant. 6. water. 7. tijaret trade.. 8. dakhil interior. 9. kharij outside, foreign. 10. mil'lét nation. 11. Bosna Bosnia. 12. sévda the spleen. 13. heaven.

580 g. 1. rabb the Lord. 2. noor light. 3. zoulmét darkness. 4. vahdet uniqueness, 5. taht the lower part. 6. févq over.

581. Islam. 1. tab disposition. 2. room (in Custom-House.)

3. zabt control. 4. éhémm important.

582. 1. rabît binding. 2. nice, amusing (story). 3. moukhtir

who reminds. 4. mouqad'dém preceding, before. written in rhyme and metre. - 6. second (second).

5. mangoum

6

.Words لغتلر

iman et." to believe ايمان ايتمك .a khada, khoda God خدا .p

nebeviyat prophecies نبويات .a

a.

nébi prophet

medrese seminary مدرسه .a tezayid ét." to increase تزايد .

mafes sir commentator مفسر .a

a.

gouran Qoran قران

.hararet heat حرارت .a almal et." to finish اكمال ايتمك

اسلامیت دخی نصرانیت کی وحدانیت خدايه ايمان ايدر. ۲ حرارتِ شمسیه شد تلی اولورسه ، دائما بر شمسیه آلیرم. ۳ بیضاوی قرأنك مفسر لروندن مشهور بر ذات در ٤ روحانی شیار دائمی ؛ جسمانی شیار ایسه زمانی در لر. ٥ عيسويلرك عبادتخانه سی شوراده ، موسویلر ککی ایسه شوقا رشیکی سو قاغك ایچنده در ٠ ٦ محمديونك يوميه بش وقت نمازلری وار در ۷ ارضيه و اوتلاقيه مصارفی اوله رق ماهیه درت یوز غروش پاره ویرییورم ۸ کنچن او نطقوزنجى عصرده برچوق ملتار بدويتك صوسز چوللرندن امرار له ، مدنيتك چيچكلي صخر الرينه داخل اولديار ۹ مادی ، معنوی و روحانی عالملارده يك چوق حقيقتلر وار در . ۱۰ تياترونك دخوليه سى بر چيرك مجیدیه ایمش ، ويرو بنم ايجون بر بيلت آل. ۱۱ بلدیه مجلسی شهرك تميز لكنه گرمیتله چالیشیور . ۱۲ «آروسیاق پونطوسی» نام غزته ده امور دینیه علمیه ، پولیتیقیه ، بيتيه و تجاریه یه ، دائر يك چوق شيلر اوقودم .

.106 Translation ترجمه ١٠٦

1. The Old Testament is written in the Hebrew and Chaldæan languages and the New Testament in