6.

حسن

hûsn goodness, good: pl. méhasin.

Chûs'nû khîdmét good, valuable service.

hûs'nú hal good condition; character.

Jl sou'yi hal bad behaviour, bad condition.

sou'yi zann a bad opinion, suspicion.

.souyi qasd attempt to murder سو قصد

Jhain) in sou ́yi istimal bad usage, abuse.

8.

adém non-existence, absence (used with nouns):

عدم

9. bila without (used with nouns [§ 530]):

bila qousour blameless; spotless; perfect.

bila gharaz without any intention, aimless; sincere.

10. ¿ ghay ́rî non-, in-, un- (with adjectives):

.ghayri mamkin impossible غير ممكن

.ghayra malam unknown غير معلوم

.ghayri layiq unworthy غير لايق

.ghayri kraft unsufficient غير كافي

A múslim vé ghayri mûslim Moslem and non-Moslem.

11. J kémal perfection; perfect:

.kemali diggat perfect attention کمال دقت

KJ kéma ́li téshék ́kûr perfect gratitude.

:nefs person, self نفس 12.

.bin nefs, binéf sihi personally بنفسه ، بالنفس

.nefsi shéhirde in the very city نفس شهرده .t .kendi nefsim üzerine on my person کندی نفسم اوزه رینه .t

:ayni the very same عينى ، عين 13. .ayniygle, biay nihi exactly the same بعينه ، عينيله ... .ayni sourét the exact copy; the very same way عين صورت .ayni gemanda at the same time عینی زمانده .t

5

ضحا كك ايدر ملکنی برکاوه پريشان .

اقبالنه ادبارینه بل باغلامه دهرك .

10

بر دائره ده دور ایده مز چنبر دوران .

ظالم ينه بر ظلمه گرفتار اولور 13 آخر 14 ،

البته اولور او بیقان خانه سی ویران.

Words and Notes. Nékbét ou zil'léti éhli zoulmét the overthrow and abasement of tyrants. 1. abd slave; habésh Abyssinian; a negro. 2. déhr world. 3. p. bakht fortune, destiny. (Allusion is made to Nadir Shah, the conqueror of Tartary, Afghanistan and India 1735-45.) 4. Dah hak name of a celebrated Arabian tyrant, who conquered Persia and slew king Jémshid. He is said to have had two snakes living between his shoulders, which were fed daily with the brains of two little children, Zohak (Astyages? Deioces?). 5. milk kingdom. 6. Kavé name of the blacksmith of Ispahan, Kava (Cepheus), who killed Zohak's tax-gatherer who came to seize his children, hoisted his own leather apron as a standard of revolt and made Feridoun (Phraortes), a descendant of Jemshid, king, and delivered Persia. 7. périshan ét." to scatter or ruin. 8. iqbal, idbar prosperity, misfortune. 9. bél baghlamaq to trust. 10. dayiré circle (§ 582). 11. dévr ét." to turn, revolve; chénbéri dévran fortune's wheel. 12. zûlm wrong; the fayil of which is zalim tyrant. 13. giriftar ol." to be subjected to. 14. akhir at last (fayil of akhér).

اکثر کورولور چونکه جزا جنس عملدن

19

16.

انجامده 14 آهندن 17 اولور رخنه سوهان 18 .

21

34

22

تذكير اولونور 18 لعن 20 ايله حجاج ايله جنكيز .

35

هر دردك اولور چاره سی ، هر ایله ینه اولمز ؛

صبر ایت ستمه ! ایستر ايسه حسن مكافات 88 ؛

12

فكر ايله ! نه ظلم ایله دیلر یوسفه اخوان .

ظا لملره بركون ديديرير قدرتِ مولى: ترکیب بند : ضیا پاشا) لَقَد آثركَ اللهُ عَلَيْنَا ". الله لقد اترك

Cc41

15. éksér for éksériya frequently (§ 683); jéza punishment. 16. jins kind, sort; amel crime, sin, guilt (= tooth for tooth and eye for eye). 17. ahén iron. 18. rakhné ruin, death; souhan a file, rasp. 19. tézkeer ét." to remember, remind. 20. lan cursing. 21. Hajjaj a celebrated tyrant, governor of Iraq. 22. Jéngiz the great cruel and conqueror of the 13th century. 23. tébjeel treating with great honour. 24. Nousheervan name of the greatest king of the Sassani line of Persian sovereigns; Souléyman Solomon. 25. qabil, mamkin (fayil of imktan) possible. 26. élfaz words, terms. 27. taghyeer to change, verify (§ 615). 28. téfreeq to distinguish (§ 615). 29. if pron. kûfr means blasphemy; if kéfr covering, atonement; belief. 30. insha ét." to build. 31. deer a monastery; mésjid a mosque. 32. nazari Haqq in God's sight (comp. Matt. VI., 45). 33. méjous fire-worshipper. 34. ilé for vé. 35. iñlémék to moan, to suffer. 36. mih'nét affliction; ghamm sorrow. 37. p.payan, a. akhir end, limit; sitém injury. 38. mükafat reward (III. of keyf [§ 706 b]); húsnú― (§ 695 6). 39. think about; Yousouf Joseph. 40. îkhvan brothers. 41. Tallahi léqad asérékél lahou aléyna Truly (By God!), God has appointed you ruler over us (these are the words which the brothers of Joseph spoke according to the Qoran . when he made himself known to them).

alk. Conversation.

.A visit بر زیارت

ايشته افندم خانه نك افندیسی و خانمی اخشام شریفار خير اولسون، افندم بزه طوغری کلییورلر. صفا كلديكز ! خوش كلديكز ! احبای کراممدن عزیز افندی یی ذات تشکر ایده رم افندم ! و ذات عالیکزی عاليكزه تقديم ايتمكله افتخار طانيمق شرفنه نائل اولديغمدن طولایی

درجه نهایه ده ممنونم .

ایده رم . بنده کز اویله افندم ! بو جهتله صیره بنده که کلینجه اقربا مدن بولونان

عد

کندیمی غايت مفتخر قد ايده رم.

رافر او حانس افندينك مخدومی آرام افندى يي ذات عالیلرینه تقدیم ایده رم

قولكزى بوشر فله مشرف بیوردیفکزه تقدیر اتکزدن طولايي فوق العاده تشکر ایده رم . رانر اوحانس افندی تشكرلر ايده رم . ذات عاليكزى حضرتلرينك نام عالیلرینی چوق دفعه کوردیکمه يك ممنون اولدم افندم.

مدح

ستایشله ایشیتمش ایدم . خانم افندی ! ذات عصمتانه کزی بکم ! بنده خانه یی تشریفكزله مشرف کور د یکمزه نهایت درجه ده ممنون بو يورد يفكزه يك بويوك افنديلك

و مسرور اولدق .

ايتديكز.

.58 Lesson درس ۸

.Synonymous Words كلمات مترادفه

§ 696. In the Arabic and Persian languages it is customary to use two and even three words of the same meaning (Kélimati Mûtéradîfé) in the same sentence to express one idea. This is considered one of the beauties of the language. That was the case with the old Ottoman literature too, in which the Turks imitated this characteristic of the said languages.

But through contact with European languages and their literature, the new generation of writers has begun gradually to forsake the old wearisome system and to

adapt the use of simple and single words. Yet there remain some instances of the old system, which by the sanction of centuries have been stereotyped and consolidated even in the common speech.

§ 697. The synonymous words are united together by a, which is generally pronounced ou, vû, not vé. The shorter of the two comes first.

For instance, the Turkish word a chalîshalîm

,say one iqdam édélim سعی و اقدام ایده لم is expressed by

all meaning effort; and the meaning اقدام ، غیرت سعی

of the sentences is 'let us try'.

dûkénméz the mercy of God does not come to an end.

jenabi Allahin keremou inayet جناب اللهك كرم . و عنايتي دوكنز

loutfounouzou temenni va terajji لطفكزي تمنى و ترجى ايده رم

deynimi eda va ig-fa éyledim I paid my دينمي ادا و ايفا ايله دم

édérim I ask for your kindness.

debts ( is pronounced vû, after vowels).

The words

mean to pay'.

both mean 'to ask' and _\ \>| :

Note. ou is appended to the last syllable of the previous word.

.Examples مثاللر

médhou sena ét مدح و ثنا ا

to praise.

I Manzi de taqdir ou tah ́seen ét." to praise and appreciate