پاره م وار اما آز در ؛ پاره م وار لکن آز در ؛ پاره م وار فقط آن در ؛ پاره م وار ایسه ده آز در param var amma az dir; param var lakin az dir; param var faqat az dir; param var i-sé dé az dîr I have but a little money. § 131. "Any" is expressed in Turkish in two ways: ,hich, and the other without using that word هیچ .one by p but by simply using the object of the verb (§ 188); as: سنده هیچ اكمك وار میدر ؟ سنده اكمك وار می? ?Have you any bread پاره سى يوقدر اونك پاره سى يوقدر He has not any money اونك هیچ § 132. "Not any, not at all" is expressed by .hich هیچ hich parast yog هیچ پاره سن یوقدر ؛ هیچ ایو دکل چوق خسته در dour; hich é-yi deyil choq hasta dir. He has not any money; He is not at all well: he is very sick. § 133. "How many?" is expressed by qach? ($174). Ex.: How many piastres have you? How many books has he? قاچ غروشك وار در ? قاچ کتابی وار در ? نه قدر ، نقدر How much? is expressed by .134 8 né qadar? (§ 179); as: How much sugar have you? How much bread have we? نه قدر شكرك وار ? نه قدر اكمكمز وار ? § 135. "Some" is expressed by 5 bir az ‘a little, a small piece of anything', in reference to inanimate objects (182); as: .bir ar ekmek some bread بر از اكمك But in reference to animate objects baʼzi, böy bir qach is used (§ 181); as: .bazi ademler some people بعض آدملر .bir gachi efendiler some gentlemen بر قاچ افندیار .bazi hayvanlar some animals بعض حيوانلر هم هم § 136. "Both" is rendered by p. hém hém (§ 469); as: I have both bread and salt. و هم طوز وار اكوك هم کاغدی و هم قلمی وار در My aunt has both paper and pen خاله مك وهم Turkish Conv.-Grammar. ; - ya-ya یا یا .or ...” is rendered by p § 137. "Either ... or. "Neither... nor . . ." is rendered by && né--né (§ 472); as: بنده نه اكمك وار نه طوز I have neither bread nor salt I have the - thou hast the he has the Negative Form. etc. bende deyil dir, sende deyil اونده دکلدر ، سنده دکلدر ، بنده دکلدر § 137b. Mazil. Past (Preterite). ,bende deyil idi اونده دکل ايدى ، سنده دکل ايدى ، بنده دكل ايدى etc. séndé déyil idi, onda deyil idi etc. I had not the Examples. I have the book کتاب بنده در ؛ کتاب سنده در ؛ کتاب اونلرده در book? etc. etc. Have I the کتاب بنده میدر کتاب سنده میدر? کتاب اونده میدر ؟ kitab sizde deyil miyidi? Did you not have کتاب سزده دکل میدی ؟ the book? etc. .Words لغتلر ga-gi-sa apricot قيص shef-ta-li peach شفتالي .. a-zam grapes اوزوم elma apple الما armoud pear آرمود e-rik plum اريك I 1 Exercise 13. hiraz cherries کیراز qoyoun sheep قویون choban shepherd چوبان youmourta egg يومورطه sirke vinegar سیر که pey-nir cheese پنیر f. ailid késtané chestnuts [Gr.] باغچه مزده چوق آغا جلر وار در : الما ، آرمود ، اريك ، قایصی و شفتالى . الما آغا جنده کوزل قیرمیزی المالر وار . آرمود آغا جنده يك آز آرمود وار در ، لكن قایصی آغاجنك هیچ میوه سی یوقدر . ۲ اونلرده نه وار او نلرده اوچ اوقه اوزوم ، درت اوقه آرمود و براز ویشنه ؟ وار در ۰ ۳کستانه آغا جنده ایری کستانه لر وار . كستانه آغاجنك ايرى کستانه لری وار در ٤ عالينك او نبش غروشی وار ايدى : سزك قاچ غروشکر وار ایدی ؟ • باغده اوزوم وار می ایدی ؟ - خیر افندم ! اوزوم يوغيدى ؛ لكن شفتالی، پورتو قال و ليمون وار ايدى . ٦ كوچرك قیزده بر چيچك وار در كو چوك قيزك النده بر چيچك وار ايدى. . سنك ياره ك وار مى؟ اوت ! بنده اون غروش اون پاره وار ، لكن خدمتكاريكزك هیچ پاره سى يوقدر افندينك بر آلتون قلمی وار ؛ سزك ده وار می ? بنده يوغيسه ده ، باجانا غمده كوزال بر آلتون قلم وار در ۰ ۹ چوجوغك كتابى وار ميدر ? ــ اوت ! کتب چو جوقده در ۱۰۰ عموچه کده پاره وار میدر ? پاره ك وار می پاره وار می? - پاره بنده دکلدر ، عموجه مده ده دکلدر ۱۱ کاغد 1 Student must practice using both the Locative and Genitive forms (§§ 119, 122). قلم سنده میدر ? - خير ! بنده نه کاغد وار نه قلم وار . لكن بزم برادرده ۱۲ اكمك سزده میدر ؟ ۱۳ قاره قویونلر کاغد وار هم قلم وار در . ١٥ بينير نجیب چوبانده در ۰ ١٤ یومورطه لر و سیر که خلایقده در خیر افندم ! پینیر بزده دکل ایدی ؛ تره یاغی سزده دکامیدی ؟ بزده ایدی 1 .14 Translation ترجمه ١٤ - I. 1. I have an apple; thou hast some cherries; he has the oranges. 2. My brother has the dog; your aunt has a cat; they have three horses. 3. How much money have you? - I have seventeen piasters. 4. Have you any sugar? - No, Sir, I have not any. 5. I had no pen. I had the pen. I had not the pen. 6. Give me some bread and grapes. Have you any bread and grapes? 7. How many children has your grandHe has two children; one a boy, the other son? - II. 8. Have I a dog? Yes, Sir, you have a dog, and my brother has a horse. 9. Has he the pen? No, Sir, he has no pen. 10. Where is your book? It is at my uncle's. 11. Who has my money? I have your money. 12. Is there any servant in the kitchen? Is the servant in the kitchen? 13. The servant is in the kitchen. There is a servant in the kitchen. 14. Who has the pen and the paper? Your father had the pen and I have the paper. 15. Are there any eggs? Yes, Sir, there are plenty of them. .8 Lesson درس ۸ The Pronouns. (Continued.) 3. Adjectival Pronoun.s -ki, signifying 'the § 138. The Adjectival Pronominal affix is the word which, that which', according as it is a noun or an adjective. It is attached to nouns and pronouns in two ways; by putting them either in the Genitive or in the Locative case. § 139. In the first instance it is used always like a substantive, and signifies that which belongs to'. In the second case, it is sometimes used substantively and signifying that which exists': when it is attached to a substantive, it is an adjective, signifying the which exists'. Ex.: با بانکی ;babanin of the father بابانك ;baba father babanin-ki that or the one which belongs to the father. • babada in the father; s babadaki that or the one which exists in (the possession of) the father. So béndéki that which I have, or is in my possession. $ 140. The separate possessive pronouns corresponding to those of the English language are formed in the first way; as: Kai bénimki, Kin séniñki, K, onouñki mine, thine, his. ours, yours, §. j. bizimki, Hj➡ siziñki, «1⁄2\ onlarînki { theirs. Both of these forms, when used as substantives, have plurals and declensions as usual; but the last is eliminated, retaining the sound i (§ 99). Note. -ki never varies in pronunciation for the sake of euphony (§ 54). |