NEW PATENTS. 1836. ENGLISH. N. B.-The first Date annexed to each Patent, is that on which it was sealed and granted; the sccond, that on or before which the Specification must be delivered and enrolled.The abbreviation For. Comm., signifies that the invention, &c., is "a communication from a foreigner residing abroad." MARCH Contd. GRANTS. 73. WILLIAM GOSSAGE, Stoke Prior, Worc., Chemist, and EDWARD WHITE BENSON, Wichbold, Worc., Chemist; for improvements in the process of making or manufacturing ceruse or white-lead. Mar. 29.-Sep. 29. 74. JAMES NOBLE the Elder, Mill-place, Commercial-road, Middx., Woolcomber; for certain improvements in the combing of wool and other fibrous substances. Mar. 29.-Sep. 29. 75. CHARLES DE BERGUE, Clapham-rise, Surr., Engineer; for certain improvements in machinery used for spinning and doubling yarn or thread, manufactured from cotton or other fibrous material. Mar. 29.-Sep. 29. 76. WILLIAM BRINDLEY, Caroline-st., Bir mingham, Warw., Paper-maker; for improvements in the manufacture of tea-trays, and other japanned ware, and in the board or material used therein, and for other purposes. Mar. 29.-Sep. 29. 77. THOMAS COCKERELL HOGAN, Castlest., Holborn, Middx., Light Hat-manufacturer; for certain improvements in hats, caps, and bonnets. Mar. 29. -Sep. 29. 78. ANDREW PARKINSON, LOW Moor, Lanc., Overlooker of power-looms; for an improved stretcher to be used in, or with hand- or power-looms. Mar. 29. Sep. 29. For. Comm. 79. SAMUEL PARLOUR, Addiscombe-road, Croydon, Surr., Gent.; for certain improvements applicable to sketching, drawing, or delineating. Mar. 31. Sep. 30. TOTAL, MARCH...36. APRIL. 80. JOHN JEREMIAH RUBERY, Birmingham, Warw., Umbrella and Parasolfurniture manufacturer; for certain improvements in the making or manufacturing umbrella and parasol stretches. April. 7.-Oct. 7. 81. JOHN SPURGIN, Guilford-st., Russellsq., Middx., M.D.; for a new or improved ladder, or machinery appli cable to the working of mines and other 82. JOHN HOLMES, Birmingham, Warw., useful purposes. Apr.7.-Oct. 7. Engineer; for certain improvements in the construction of boilers for steam-engines. Apr. 7.-Oct. 7. 83. THOMAS RIDGWAY BRIDSON, Great Bolton, Lanc., Bleacher; for certain improvements to facilitate and expedite the bleaching of linen and other ROBERT COPLAND, Brunswick-crescent, vegetable fibres. Apr. 7.-Oct. 7. Camberwell, Surr., Esq.; for improvements upon patents already obtained by him for combinations of apparatus for gaining power. Apr. 9. -Sep. 9. 84. 85. MILES BERRY, Chancery-lane, Middx., Civil-engineer; for new or improved apparatus or mechanism for marking down or registering the notes played on the keys of piano-fortes, organs, or such other keyed musical instruments. Apr. 12.-Oct. 12. For. Comm. 86. JACOB PERKINS, Fleet-st., Lond., Engineer; for certain improvements in steam-engines, and in generating steam, and evaporating and boiling fluids for certain purposes. Apr. 12. -Oct. 12. 87. JAMES LEMAN, Lincoln's-inn-Fields, Midda., Gent.; for improvements in making and manufacturing soap. Apr. 12.-Oct 12. For. Comm. 88. THOMAS HODGSON LEIGHTON, Blyth, Northumb., Chemist; for certain improvements in the converting sulphate of soda into the sub-carbonate of soda, 89. JOSHUA BATES, Bishopsgate-st., Lond., or mineral alkali. Apr. 12.-Oct. 12. Merchant; for certain improvements in machinery for cleaning and preparing wool. Apr. 16.-Oct. 16. For. Comm. 90. JOHN PARKINSON, Rose Bank, Bury, Lanc., Calico-printer; for certain improvements in the art of block printing. Apr. 19.-Oct. 19. 91. JAMES PEDDER, Radford, Nott., Lacemaker; for certain improvements in certain machinery, for making by means of such inprovements, figured or ornamented bobbin-net-lace. Apr. 21.-Oct. 21. 92. HENRY WILLIAM NUNN, Newport, Isle of Wight, Lace-manufacturer; for certain improvements in manufacturing or producing certain kinds of embroidered lace, parts of which improvements are applicable to other purposes. Apr. 21.-Oct 21. 93. HAMER STANSFIELD, Leeds, York, Merchant; for machinery for a method of generating power applicable to various useful purposes. Apr. 23.Oct. 23. For. Comm. 94. EDWARD JOHN DENT, Strand, Middx., Chronometer maker; for an improvenient of the balance-springs, and their adjustments of chronometers and other time-keepers. Apr. 23.-Oct. 23. 95. JAMES FINDON, Black Horse Yard, High Holborn, Midda., Coach-smith; for improvements in apparatus for supplying water to water-closets. Apr. 23.-Oct. 23. 96. GEORGE AUGUSTUS KOLLMAN, Organist; for improvements in railways and in locomotive carriages. Apr. 23.— Oct. 23. 97. EDWARD JOHN MASSEY, Liverpool, 98. Lanc., Watch-maker; for improvements in railway and other locomotive carriages. Apr. 23.-Oct. 23. SAMPSON MORDAN, Castle-st. Finsbury-sq., Middx., Mechanist; for an improvement in making or manufacturing triple-pointed pens. Apr. 23.-Oct. 23. 99. WILLIAM TAYLOR, Smethwick, Staff, Engineer, and HENRY DAVIES, Stoke Prior, Worc., Engineer; for certain improvements in machinery or apparatus for introducing water or other fluids into steam-boilers, or evaporating vessels, also for obtaining mechanical power by the aid of steam, and for communicating motion to vessels floating in water. Apr. 25.Sep. 25. 100. THOMAS AITKEN, Edenfield, Bury, Spinner and Manufacturer; for certain improvements in the preparation of cotton and other fibrous substances, and in the conveyance of the same to roving-frames, mules, throstles, or any other spinning or doubling machinery. Apr. 25.-Sep. 25. ENROLMENTS of GRANTS in 1836. 28. KYAN, Prevention of Vegetable Decay. March 17. SCOTCH. N.B. The number in ( ) is that of the English Patent in this Magazine granted for the same Invention JANUARY. GRANTS. 1. ELIJAH GALLOWAY, Westmorelandplace, City-road, Midda., Engineer; for certain improvements in steam-engines, which improvements are applicable to other purposes. Jan. 8.-May 8. 2. JAMES BULLOUGH, Blackburn, Lanc., Mechanic; for certain improvements in hand-looms and power-looms. Jan. 8. -May 8. 3. JOHN MALAM, Kingston-upon-Hull, York, Civil-engineer; for certain improvements in gas-meters, and in the apparatus for generating gas for illumination. Jan. 11.-May 11. 4. JOSEPH WHITWORTH, Manchester, Lanc., Engineer; for certain improvements in machinery for spinning, twisting, and doubling cotton, flax, wool, and other fibrous substances. Jan. 14.May 14. 5. (3.) WILLIAM HARTER, Manchester, Silk-manufacturer; for certain improvements in machinery for winding, clean ing, drawing, and doubling hard and soft silk; which improvements are also applicable to machinery for winding, cleaning, and doubling thread or yarn manufactured from cotton or other fibrous materials. Jan. 15.-May 15. 6. THOMAS JEVONS, Liverpool, Lanc.; for certain improved machinery to be used in manufacturing bars or wrought-iron into shoes for horses, and also into shapes for other purposes. For. Comm. Jan. 15.-May 15. 7. THOMAS GREIG, Rose Bank, Bury, Lanc., Calico-printer; for a mode of embossing and printing, at one and the same time, by means of a cylinder or roller, on goods or fabrics made of or from cotton, silk, flax, hemp, and wool, or any one or more of those materials, or on paper. Jan. 18.-May 18. 8. ANDREW SMITH, Princes-st., Haymarket, Middx., Engineer; for a new standing rigging for ships and vessels, and a new method of fitting and using it. Jan. 19.-May 19. 9. JOHN DAY, York-terrace, Peckham, Surr., Gent.; for an improved wheel for carriages of different descriptions. Jan. 20.-May 20. TOTAL, JANUARY...9. FEBRUARY. 10. (8.) MOSES POOLE, Patent Office, Midda., Gent.; for improvements in Jacquard looms. Feb. 1.-June 1. For. Comm. 11. JOHN COOPER DOUGLAS, Great Ormond St., Middx., Esq.; for certain improvements in making vinegar from various materials, and in making useful articles from the refuse of such materials, and also in apparatus for applying and conducting heat to liquids to be used in the manufacture of vinegar and other purposes. Feb. 1.-June 1. 12. LIGHTLY SIMPSON, Manchester, Lanc., Alchymist; for certain improvements in the preparation of certain colours to be used for printing cotton and other fabrics. Feb. 3.-June 3. 13. JOHN GEORGE BODMER, Bolton-leMoors, Lanc., Engineer; for certain improvements in machinery for preparing, roving, and spinning cotton and wool. Feb. 3.-June 3. 14. JAMES BROWN, Esk Mill, Pennycuick, Edinb., N. B.; for certain improvements in the making or manufacturing of paper. Feb. 4.-June 4. 15. JOHN HEWITT, Kinezie, Cornw., Gent.; for a combination of certain materials or matters, which being combined or mixed together, will form a valuable substance or compound, and may be used with or as a substitute for soap. Feb. 4.-June 4. 16. JAMES KEAN, Johnston, Renfr., N.B., Machine-maker and Engineer; for an improved throstle flyer, or a substitute for an ordinary flyer, employed in spinning cotton, flax, hemp, wool, silk, and other fibrous substances. Feb. 12.June 12. 17. (23.) EDMUND ASHWORTH, Egerton, Lanc., Cotton-spinner, and JAMES GREENOUGH, of the same place, Overlooker; for certain improvements in the machinery used in preparing and spinning cotton, silk, wool, and other fibrous materials. Feb. 18.-June 18. 18. (10.) FRANZ MOLL, Grove Lane Terrace, Camberwell, Surr., Esq.; for improvements in preserving certain vegetable substances from decay. Feb. 18.-June 18. 19. (15.) JULIUS JEFFREYS, Osnaburgh-st., Regent's Park, Midda., Esq.; for im provements in curing or relieving disorders of the lungs. Feb. 18.-June 18. 20. (19.) WILLIAM BOULNOIS, Jun., Gowerst., Midda., Esq.; for an improved combination or arrangement of springs for carriages. Feb. 27.-June 27. 21. ROBERT GRIFFITH, Birmingham, Warwick, Machine-maker; for improvements in machinery for making rivetts, screw-blanks, and bolts. Feb. 27.June 27. 22. TOTAL, FEBRUARY.....12. MARCH. WILLIAM WAINWRIGHT POTTS, Burslem, Staff, China and Earthenware manufacturer; for an improved method or process of producing patterns in one or more colours, to be transferred to earthenware, porcelain, china, glass, and other similar substances. Mar. 1. -July 1. 23. JOHN BAILLIE, Great Suffolk-st., Southwark, Surr., Engineer; for improvements in propelling of vessels and other floating bodies, by means of steam or other power. Mar. 1.-July 1. 24. MILES BERRY, Chancery-lane, Midda., Civil-engineer; for certain improvements in power-looms for weaving. Mar. 4.-July 4. For. Comm. 25. WILLIAM WILSON, Glasgow, N. B., Manufacturer; for a method of making chains of wire. Mar. 7.-July 7. 26. (45.) CHARLES SCHAFHAUTL, Sheffield, York., Gent.; for improved gear for obtaining a continuous rotary action. Mar. 8.-July 8. 27. (30.) CHARLES SCHAFHAUTL, Sheffield, York., Gent.; for an improved steamgenerator. Mar. 8.-July 8. 28. (37.) JOHN BARSHAM, Stepney Causeway, Middx., Oxalic acid manufacturer; for improvements in the manufacture of oxalic and salacetecella. Mar. 8.-July 8. 29. (39.) CLINTON GRAY GILROY, Argylest., New Road, St. Pancras, Middx., Engineer; for certain improvements in machinery for weaving plain and figured fabrics. Mar. 15.-July 15. 30. (4.) FRANCIS BREWIN, Kent Road, Surr., Esq.; for a certain new and im proved process of tanning. Mar. 18.— July 18. 31. (47.) JAMES MORISON, Paisley, N.B., Manufacturer; for improvements on the jacquard machine, and on what is called the ten box lay, and on the reading and stamping machines used in making shawls and other figured work. Mar. 18.-July 18. METEOROLOGICAL JOURNAL FOR MARCH, 1836; kept at BLACKHEATH ROAD. Barom. Day of Moath Ther. Thermometer attch. 3 P.M. Min. Max. Temp Daily Solar Var. Tuesday,1 29 326 48° 10 29 155 48° 33°2 46°9 40°0 13.7 31° 10 9 2 4 S.S. E. S.S.W. 3 7 S. S. W. 5 8 S.W. 14.9 30 9 8 S. S. E. S. 18.8 29 3 71 S. E.S. S. b w. Fine with cumuli. Mean height at 9 1.M. 29-673 Ther. Max. 6594 on the 20th. Mean Tem. Lowest point of Rad. 25°, on the 27th, Bar. Max. 30 500 on the 18th. Bar. Min. 28.760 28th. Mean do. at 3 P.M. Min. 28°0 27th. 44°47. Solar var. 13° 23. Rain fallen 3.13. MAGAZINE OF POPULAR SCIENCE, AND JOURNAL OF THE USEFUL ARTS. ON THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES ON WHICH THE CLASSIFICATION OF NATURAL OBJECTS IS FOUNDED. THE necessity for a classification of a multitude of any objects, as a preliminary to the study of them, is too obvious to require insisting on; it might be even assumed that no knowledge could be obtained without this previous arrangement, since that knowledge is primarily grounded. on a series of comparisons, made by bringing those objects before our minds into juxtaposition, which possess certain analogies of form, structure, or qualities. The facility of making a systematic arrangement depends on the precision with which each group of objects admits of definition, or on its possessing few and unvarying characters, which do not pass into one another by insensible gradations; thus, for the purpose of illustration, if we desired to classify the forms of space or extension, which are made the objects of geometrical reasoning, our arrangement would be perfect and immutable, for form being the sole character essential to the existence of each group, variations in that form, admitting of the most rigid definition, must constitute its basis. But when the characters distinguishing the objects are numerous, and not clearly definable, as is the case with all those of the material world, it is only by repeated tentative arrangements that we can arrive at one which will fulfil the requisite conditions. There appear to be two principal purposes to which classification is applicable;-First, to furnish an arrangement which may enable a learner to ascertain the name under which a species, new to him, is described, and to serve as an aid to his memory in recalling the information he subsequently obtains; and, Secondly, to present a general and comprehensive view of that portion of creation to which the arrangement is applied in all its various relations. We shall confine ourselves, however, to the principles as applicable to the organic world only; and if we can succeed in elucidating the subject in this, its more complicated bearing, the application of those principles, on other occasions, will be readily conceived. To understand the difficulties which must be overcome in our endeavour to attain either or both of these ends, we must constantly bear in mind that Nature affords us no assistance towards any arrangement beyond that into species, with which her classifications begin and end. Species are the aggregates of those individuals which possess perfect identity in all the details of their organization and of the faculties derived from it; and we are furnished with an unerring test of nearly VOL. I. X 5 |