hexachloride; condensation of benzine, by M. J. Meunier.On the formation of dextrines, by M. P. Petit.-On a new unsaturated fatty acid of the series CH-O, by M. A. Arnaud, nitrogen on the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, on the preservation of nitrogen, and on nitrification, by M. P. Pichard.— On the whistling language of the Canary Islands, by M. J. Lajard. On the pelagic flora of Naalsoefjörd (Faroe Isles), by M. Georges Pouchet.-On the Upper Cretaceous of the Aspe valley, its age and its relations, by M. J. Seunes. -A second paper by the same author deals with the shore and deep-sea fishes obtained during the survey, and contains descriptions and figures of some of the more interesting forms. The vertical and horizontal distribution is also discussed, and it-Influence, in bare soils, of the proportions of clay and organie is pointed out that the west coast of Ireland is to a great extent the meeting ground of the Scandinavian and Lusitanian or Mediterranean fish faunas. An attempt is made to give a complete list, with references, of all deep-sea fishes which have been taken in Irish waters.-A paper was then read by Dr. E. J. McWeeney, on a method of preparing Hyphomycetes, Saccharomycetes, and Schizomycetes, as museum specimens, with a demonstration of illustrative cultivations. After pointing out that our natural history collections did not, as a rule, contain speci. BOOKS, PAMPHLETS, and SERIALS RECEIVED. mens illustrative of these minute organisms, the author showed that the appearances presented by the aggregate masses formed by their cells could in many cases be made perfectly perceptible to the unaided eye. A collection contained in suitable vessels, comprising nearly ninety specimens, and including Actinomyces grown on agar, potato, and turnip, Trichophyton, Acharion, various species of Saccharomyces, Bacillus tetani, and many others, was then demonstrated. The specimens were prepared by Král, of Prague, and the writer hoped soon to be able to add species from Irish sources. PARIS. Academy of Sciences, January 11.-M. Duchartre in the chair. On the resistance of coiled elastic springs to small deformations, by M. H. Resal.-On the spontaneous oxidation of humic acid and of vegetable soil, by MM. Berthelot and André. If humic acid is allowed to stand in diffused light for a short time, a change of colour occurs, and an appreciable quantity of carbon dioxide is developed. It appears from this that the brown-coloured constituents of vegetable soil furnish carbon dioxide, and tend to become discoloured under the influence of air and sunlight, by oxidizing. The action is said to be purely chemical, and not the result of the growth of microbes. -Some new observations on the estimation of sulphur in vegetable soil, and on the nature of the compounds containing it, by the same authors.-New contribution to the chemical history of the truffle; analogy between the Terfaz or Kama of Africa and Asia and the truffles of Europe, with regard to the relation between the chemical composition of soils and tubercles, by M. A. Chatin. On the Ecureuil of Barbary, by M. A. Pomel.-On the hypergeometric series, by M. André Markoff.-On plane réseaux with equal invariants and asymptotic lines, by M. G. Konigs. On series with positive terms, by M. V. Jamet.-On the use of orthochromatic plates in astronomical photography, by MM. Fabre and Andoyer. (See Our Astronomical Column.) -On the thecry of regelation, by M. H. Le Chatelier. The consequence which follows from the formula developed is that compressed pulverulent ice, in contact with a liquid or vapour less compressed, experiences an increase of solubility, fusion, or vaporization that brings about an unstable condition of supersaturation, which disappears by the crystallization of the ice in the interspaces: this solution, followed by crystallization, continues until the spaces have completely disappeared and the névé has become transformed into a block of ice. The mode of hardening is thus comparable to that of cements.-On a new model of a reversible thermometer for the measurement of deep-sea temperatures, by M. V. Chabaud.-New condensation hygrometer, by M. Henri Gilbault. In order to determine absolute or relative humidity with a condensation hygrometer, the moment at which dew is deposited must be observed, and the temperature of the surface upon which it is formed. Many methods have been proposed to perfect the observation of the moment when the dew appears, but only a few have taken into account the equally important second condition. The author has endeavoured to improve existing methods by causing condensation to take place on a thin sheet of platinized glass, and measuring the variations of electrical resistance of the metal. He finds it possible to determine the dew-point within of a degree by his method.-Loss of the two kinds of electricity brought about by light of high refrangibility, by M. E. Branly.-On metallic borates, M. A. Ditte.-On manganates of potash, by M. G. Rousseau. It appears from the experiments that manganate of potash, heated in the presence of a flux, gives rise to two hydrated manganates. About 600 C., the hydrate obtained is KO, 16MnO,6H,O; between 700 and 800, KO,8MnO2, 3H,O is produced; and the former compound reappears between 800 and 1000.--On the reduction of benzine Books-Anthropological Religion: F. Max Müller (Longmans)Adventures amidst the Equatorial Forests and Rivers of South America: V. Stuart (Murray).-Power and Force: J. B. Keene (Unwin). - British Flies. vol. i. Part 3: F. V. Theobald (Stock.)-Methods of Gas Analysis: Dr. W. Hempel; translated by L. M. Dennis (Macmillan).-Egypt under the Pharaohs; new edition: H. Brugsch-Bey (Murray).-Life in Ancient Egypt and Algeria: G. Maspéro; translated by A. Morton (Chapman and Hall)-List of Snakes in the Indian Museum W. L. Sclater (CalcuttaManipulation of the Microscope: E. Bausch (Collins).-Magnetic Induction in Iron and other Metals: Prof. Ewing (Electrician Office)The Realm of Nature: Dr. H. R. Mill (Murray).—Annuaire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences, Belgique, 1892 (Bruxelles, Hayez).-The Optics of Photography and Photographic Lenses: J. T. Taylor (Whittaker) — New Fragments: J. Tyndall (Longmans).-The Art and Craft of Cabinetmaking: D. Denning (Whittaker)-Electric-Light Cables: S. A. Russell (Whittaker).-Bergens Museums Aarsberetning for 1890 (Bergen, Griegs).— Istituto Chimico Kicerche, 1890-91 (Regia Università degli Studi di Roma) (Rome). -Catalogue of Scientific Papers (1874-83). compiled by the Royal Society of London, vol. ix. (C. J. Clay).—Dynamics of Rotation: A M. Worthington (Longmans).-Christian Doctrines and Modern Thought: Dr T. G. B nney (Longmans). PAMPHLETS.-Aids to Natural Philosophy: R. S. Trivedy (Calcutta, Auddy). The Science of Homopathy: W. B. Picken (London). -The Glory of the Imperfect: Prof. G. H. Palmer (Boston, Heath). SERIALS. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England, 3rd series, vol. ii, Part 4, No. 8 (Murray).-Quarterly Journal of Micro scopical Science, No. 129 (Churchill).-Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, December (Stanford).-Mind, January (Williams and NorgatelGeological Magazine, January (Kegan Paul)-Physical Society of London Proceedings, vol. xi., Part 2 (Taylor and Francis) -Ann. des k.k. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, Band 6, Nos. 3 and 4 (Wien, Hölder).-Natura ed Arte No. 2 (Milano).-Journal of Anatomy and Physiology, January (Williams and Norgate).-L'Anthropologie, Tome ii., No. 6 (Paris, Masson). -Brain, Part 56 (Macmillan).-Mineralogical Magazine, December (Simp kin). Journal of the Chemical Society, January (Gurney and Jackson) Veröffentlichungen aus dem Königlichen Museum für Volkerkunde, Band, 1-2 Heft (Spemann) -Himmel und Erde, January (Berlin, Paetel), DIARY OF SOCIETIES. LONDON. THURSDAY, JANUARY 21. ROVAL SOCIETY, at 4.30.-Note on the Audibility of Single Sound Waves, and the Number of Vibrations necessary to produce a Tone: E. F. Herroun and Prof. G. F. Yeo, F.R.S.-On the Mechanism of the Closure of the Larynx-Preliminary Communication: Prof. Anderson Stuart.-Additional Observations on the Development of Apteryx: Prof. T. J. Parker, F.R.S.-On a Differential Electrostatic Method of Measuring High Electrical Resistances: Majr Cardew. - On the Electrolysis of Silver Nitrate in Vacuo: Prof. Schuster, F.R.S., and A. W. Crossley. SOCIETY OF ARTS, at 4.30-From Tien-Shan to the Pamirs-Experiences on the Russo-C inese Frontier (illustrated): Herbert Jones. LINNEAN SOCIETY, at 8-Additional Notes on the Tick-pest in Jamaica: D. Morris.-On the Development of Caoutchouc-containing Cells of Eucommia ulmoides, Oliver: F. E. Weiss.-On the Lichens of Manipur : Dr. Jean Müller. CHEMICAL SOCIETY, at 8.-The Estimation of Oxygen in Water: M. A. Adams.-A Pure Fermentation of Manitol and Dulcitol: P. F. Frankland and W. Frew.-The Luminosity of Coal-gas Flames: V. B Lewes. - The Magnetic Rotation of Dissolved Salts: W. Ostwald.-On the Dissociation of Liquid Nitrogen Peroxide: W. Ostwald. INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS, at 3.-Students' Visit to inspect the Electrically-driven Machinery at the Works of Messrs. Willans and Robinson, Thames Ditton. Train leaves Waterloo (South Station) 1.50 p.m.; Vauxhall, 1.54 p.m. ROYA INSTITUTION, at 3.-Some Aspects of Greek Sculpture in Relief: Dr. A. S. Murray. LONDON INSTITUTION, at 7.-The Wagner Festival Performances at Bayreuth (Vocal, Instrumental, and Limelight Illustrations): Carl Armbruster. CAMERA CLUB, at 8.-The Rendering of Quick Movement by Photography -Express Trains, Action of Animals, Movement of Waves and Clouds (Illustrated): A. Maskell. FRIDAY, JANUARY 22. PHYSICAL SOCIETY, at 5.-On the Driving of Electro-magnetic Vibrations by Electro-magnetic and Electro-static Engines: Prof. G. F. Fitzgerald, F.R.S.-On Supplementary Colours: Prof. S. P. Thompson, F.R.S. ROVAL INSTITUTION, at 9.-The Composition of Water: Right Hon. Lord Rayleigh, F.R.S. SATURDAY, JANUARY 23. ROYAL BOTANIC SOCIETY, at 3.45. ROVAL INSTITUTION, at 3. -The Induction Coil and Alternate-Current Transformer: Prof. J. A. Fleming. WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 27. GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, at 8.-On the Hornblende-schist, Gneisses, and other Crystalline Rocks of Sark: Rev. Edwin Hill and Prof. I. G. Baney, F.R S.-North Italian Bryozoa; Part II. Cyclostomata: A. W. Waters.-On the Plutonic Rocks of Garabol Hill and Meall Breac: J. R. Dakyns and J. J. H. Teall. SOCIETY OF ATS, at 8.-The Scientific Value of Lovibond's Tintometer: F. W. Edridge-Green. ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY, at 7.-Annual General Meeting.Evaporation and Condensation: Baldwin Latham, President. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, at 7.-Annual Meeting.-Election of Council and Officers. -President's Address: Frederick DuCane Godman, F.R.S. BRITISH ASTRONOMICAL ASSOCIATION, at 5. NOW READY. GEOLOGICAL CATALOGUE. Part I.-General and Systematic Geology. 138 Pages. Part II.-Crystallography, Mineralogy, DULAU & CO., 37 Soho Square, London, W. Address all communications "Instrument Company, Cambridge." Price List of Scientific Instruments, sent post free. Illustrated Descriptive List sent on receipt of is. 6d. The Cambridge Scientific Instrument Company, St. Tibb's Row, Cambridge. MESSRS. MACMILLAN & CO.'S PUBLICATIONS. STANDARD TEXT-BOOKS ON PHYSICS. Sound, Light, Heat, Electricity, Elasticity, Attractions, &c. On Sound and Atmospheric Vibrations. With the Mathematical Elements of Music. Designed for the Use of Students in the University. By Sir G. B. Astronomer-Royal. Second Edition, Revised Mechanical Theory of Heat. AIRY, K C.B., formerly and Enlarged. Cr. 8vo. 95. By R. Clausius. Translated by WALTER R. BROWNE, M.A. Crown 8vo. 1os. 6d. By ALFRED DANIELL, M.A.. LL.B., D.Sc., F.R.S.E. With Electric Light Arithmetic. By R. E. Day, M.A. Pott 8vo. 25. ELASTIC SOLIDS, with a Short Account of Viscous Fluids. By [In the press. Examples in Physics. By Prof. D. E. Jones, B. Sc. Fcap. 8vo. 35. 6d. Elementary Lessons in Heat, Light, and NORMAN LOCKYER, F.R.S. With Illustrations. Royal 8vo. Modern Views of Electricity. By Oliver J.. 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With Illustrations. Crown 8vo. Vol. I. Constitut The Motion of Vortex Rings, a Treatise on Applications of Dynamics to Physics and An Elementary Treatise on Laplace's, A History of the Mathematical Theories of ATTRACTION, and the FIGURE of the EARTH, from the time 28. d CHIEFLY WITH THE LANTERN. By LEWIS WRIGHT MESSRS. MACMILLAN & CO.'S NEW AND STANDARD WORKS FOR CHEMICAL STUDENTS. Just Published, Crown 8vo, 7s. 6d. METHODS OF GAS ANALYSIS. By Dr. WALTHER HEMPEL, Professor of Chemistry, the Dresden Polytechnicum. Translated from the A HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY from the Earliest Times to the Present Day. SCOTSMAN :-"The book is an admirable one in every way. Beginning with the origin of chemistry as found in alchemy, it traces the history of the science down to the present time. The author gives a clear account of the genesis of chemical theory, and at the same time presents a comprehensive history of the progress of knowledge of the various departments. 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AWARDED-2 GOLD MEDALS, Paris Universal Exhibition, 1889; 2 DIPLOMAS OF HONOUR for MICROSCOPES and MICROSCOPIC OBJECTS, Antwerp International Microscopical Exhibition, 1891; and 24 GOLD AND OTHER MEDALS at the Principal International Exhibitions MICROSCOPIC OBJECTS. MICROSCOPES. The Van Heurck Microscope (Registered). Designed specially by WATSON & SONS to the Specification of Dr. Van Heurck, of Antwerp, for his delicate high-power work and photography. The Edinburgh Student's Microscope. Made in four forms, suitable for the Amateur, Student, or Professor. Price from £3 105. The Scientist's Microscope. A largest-size Microscope, with all latest improvements and every convenience for work. of the World. FULL ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF MICROSCOPES AND APPARATUS. ESTABLISHED 1837. 313 HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C. AND 251 SWANSTON STREET, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA. PALATING SOLE MAKERS THESE TAPS have been opened and closed under water pressure for the equivalent of more than 50 years (30 times a day) without any deterioration. The ordinary rubber, fibre, or leather washer valve, and the packing or washer around the spindle, are entirely dispensed with. Perfect watertightness is nevertheless attained. By the invention of this indestructible water tap Sir William Thomson, D.C.L LL.D., President of the Royal Society, &c., the author of many other usef inventions, has effected what previous inventors have unsuccessfully attempted By an ingenious device the metallic valve and its seat retain their burnished condition for an indefinite period. The taps are made of the best metal throughout, and are equally suitable for boiling and cold water, are tested t 300 lbs. per square inch before leaving the works, and are sold at a lowe price than equal qualities of ordinary firms by the PALATINE ENGINEERING CO., LTD., 10 Blackstock St., Liverpool, Works in any Weather. Best made, Studded Plates. NEW POLARIZING PRISM. CHEAP SCHOOL APPARATUS HARVEY & PEAK, 56 CHARING CROSS ROAD, W.C. Printed by RICHARD CLAY AND SONS, LIMITED, at 7 and 8 Bread Street Hill, Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London, and Published by MACMILLAN AND Co., at 29 Bedford Street, London, W.C., and 112 Fourth Avenue, New York. -THURSDAY, January 21, 1892. |