ing to population, but each county has at least one Representative. Senators and Representatives are elected biennially, by ballot, on the first Thursday in August, for two years. Every male citizen, twenty-one years of age or upward, who has resided in the State 12 months, and in the county 30 days preceding an election, is entitled to vote. No person can vote without being registered. The following persons are disqualified by the constitution: All persons who shall deny the being of Almighty God, and all persons who shall have been convicted of treason, perjury or of any other infamous crime since becoming citizens of the United States, or of corruption or mal-practice in office, unless such person shall have been legally restored to the rights of citizenship. JUDICIARY. The judicial power of the State is vested in a Court for the trial of Impeachments, a Supreme Court, Superior Courts, Courts of Justices of the Peace, and Special Courts. The Senate is the Court for the trial of Impeachments. A majority of the members is necessary to a quorum, and the judg ment must not extend beyond removal from, and disqualification to hold office in this State; but the party shall be liable to indictment and punishment according to law. The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice and four Associate Justices. This Court has jurisdiction to review, upon appeal, any decision of the courts below, upon any matter of law or legal inference; but no issue of fact may be tried before this court. The court has power to issue any remedial writs necessary to give it a general supervision and control of the inferior courts, and it has original jurisdiction to hear claims against the State, but its decisions are recommendatory. The State is divided into twelve judicial districts, for each of which a judge is chosen, who is to hold a Superior Court in each county in said district, at least twice in each year, to continue for two weeks unless the business shall be sooner disposed of. Every Judge of the Superior Court must reside in his district while holding office. The Judges may exchange districts with each other with the consent of the Governor. The Superior Courts have exclusive original jurisdiction of all civil actions, whereof exclusive original jurisdiction is not given to some other courts; and of all criminal actions, in which the punishment may exceed a fine of fifty dollars or imprisonment for one month; and appellate jurisdiction of all issues of law or fact, determined by a Probate Judge or a Justice of the Peace, where the matter in controversy exceeds twenty-five dollars, and of matters of law in all cases. Clerks for the Superior Courts hold their offices for four years. The Justices of the Supreme Court and the Judges of the Superior Court are elected by the qualified voters of the State, for eight years; but the Judges of the Superior Courts chosen at the first election under the new constitution were divided by lot into two equal classes, one of which holds office for four years, the other for eight years. A Solicitor is elected for each judicial district by the qualified voters thereof, as is prescribed for members of the Gen eral Assembly, who holds office for the term of four years, and is to prosecute on behalf of the State, in all criminal actions in the Superior Courts, and advise the officers of justice in his district. In each county, a Sheriff and Coroner are elected and hold their offices for two years. UNITED STATES COURTS. Circuit Judge, Salmon P. Chase; District Judge, George W. Brooks; District Attorney, D. H. Starbuck; Marshal, Daniel R. Goodloe; Clerks District Court, Samuel T. Bond, Charles Hibbard, William Larkins. SUPREME COURT. Chief Justice, R. M. Pearson, Yadkin Co. Associate Justices, Edwin G. Reade, Person Co.; Wm. B. Rodman, Beaufort; R. P. Dick, Guilford; Thos. Settle, Rockingham; Wm. M. Coleman, and Samuel F. Phillips, Wake Co. Clerk, C. B. Root; Marshal, James Litchford, both of Wake Co. Salaries of Judges, $2,500 each. SUPERIOR COURT. Judges-1st District, Charles C. Pool; 2d District, Edmund W. Jones; 3d District, Charles R. Thomas; 4th District, Daniel L. Russell, Jr.; 5th District, Ralph P. Buxton; 6th District, Samuel W. Watts; 7th District, Albion W. Tourgee; 8th District, John M. Cloud; 9th District, Geo. W. Logan; 10th District, Anderson Mitchell; 11th District, James L. Henry; 12th District, Riley H. Cannon. Salaries, $2,500 each. TERMS OF COURTS. Supreme Court. There are two terms held at Raleigh, in each year, commencing on the first Monday in January, and the first Monday in June, and continuing as long as the public interests may require. Superior Court. At least two Courts must be held in each county twice in each year, to continne for two weeks. In the 4th Judicial District, the terms are as follows: Robeson Co., 4th Monday in August and February. Bladen Co., 2d Monday; Columbus Co., 4th Monday; Brunswick Co., 6th Monday; New Hanover Co., 8th Monday; Sampson Co., 10th Monday; and Duplin Co., 12th Monday after the 4th Monday in August and February. FINANCES. Balance in hands of Public treasurer, Oct. 1, 1867, Receipts for Literary Fund, for fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 1868, $258,681.64 21,564.64 1,925,564.98 $2,205,811.26 $35,866.01 2,019,909.41 $2,055,775.42 $150,035.84 Leaving in hands of Public Treasurer, Oct. 1, 1868, There has been a large deficiency of taxes due on or before Oct. 1, 1867, for several reasons: 1st. The bad crops of 1867 caused the people to be, in many cases, unable to pay their taxes. 2d. In many cases, the out-going Sheriffs made little exertion to collect the taxes, and the in-coming Sheriffs qualified so late as to be unable fully to meet their obligations at the Treasury. 3d. In some instances, the out-going officers collected "County Orders," which the in-coming Sheriff's did not feel authorized to accept. This dispute delayed settlement of the State taxes. STATE DEBT. According to the report of the State Treasurer, the debt of the State, Oct. 1, 1868, was as follows: Bonds dated before May 20, 1861, Those dated since May 20, 1865, $8,511,000 10,698,945 Total issued to Oct. 1, 1868, including $2,000,000 accrued interest, $19,209,945 Of the above amount, $3,200,000 had been delivered to the Chatham Railroad Company, in exchange for their bonds, and it was expected that the company would meet the interest due thereon. If this should be so, the debt on which the State must pay interest, outstanding on October 1, 1868, would be $16,009,945. The interest to be raised by the State, the present fiscal year will be, Oct. 1, 1868, $112,101: Jan. 1, 1869, $308,197; April 1, 1869, $304,101; July 1, 1869, $308,197; total for fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 1869, $1,032,596. The expenses of the State gov ernment as estimated from appropriations already made, and supposing a session of the General Assembly of ninety days, will not probably be less than $375,000. This added to the interest above, makes the whole amount for the fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 1869, $1,407,596. EDUCATION. The University of North Carolina with its lands, emoluments and franchises, is under the control of the State, and is to be held to an inseparable connection with the Free Public School System of the State. The benefits of the University as far as practicable are to be extended to the youth of the State, free of expense for tuition. Previous to the late war, this institution was in a very flourishing condition, but its resources have been crippled by the failure of the State Bank, in which $200,000 of its endowment was invested. The Board of Education elect for the University one Trustee for each county in the State, whose term of office is eight years. One-fourth of the Trustees are chosen every second year. The Board of education and the President of the University are ex-officio members of the Board of Trustees, and with three other Trustees to be appointed by the Board, constitute the Executive Committee of the Trustees of the University of North Carolina. The Governor is ex-officio President of the Board of Trustees, and Chairman of the Executive Committee of the University. Before the war, public schools were maintained in the State, by means of the income derived from the Literary Fund, which amounted to $2,500,000 in 1860. About half of this fund was swept away by the war; and the system of district schools which had brought a rudimentary education within the reach of all, free of cost, was prostrated, but measures have been taken to revive it. The constitution provides for a general and uniform system of Free Public Schools. The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Treasurer, Auditor, Superintendent of Public Works, Superintendent of Public Instruction and Attorney General, constitute a State Board of Education, which succeeds to all the powers and trusts of the President and Directors of the Literary Fund of North Carolina, and has full power to legislate and make all needful rules and regulations in relation to Free Public Schools, and the Educational Fund. The Superintendent of Public Instruction has the chief oversight of the schools. Each county is divided into school districts, in each of which one or more public schools must be maintained at least four months in the year. The schools of each county are under the supervision and control of county commissioners elected biennially. CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS. The constitution requires the General Assembly to appoint and define the duties of a Board of Public Charities, to whom shall be intrusted the supervision of all charitable and penal State institutions. Provision is to be made for the education and care of deaf mutes, of the blind, insane, and of idiots and inebriates at the charge of the State. One or more Orphan Houses are to be established. The Asylum for the Insane was opened for the reception of patients, Feb. 22, 1856. During the first ten years of its existence, it had 693 inmates. It suffered severely during the late war, both from the removal and destruction of fences, and from the difficulty of procuring supplies. Since the close of the war, the fences have been replaced, the buildings repaired, and the capabilities of the institution increased. The Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind, after being closed for a short time, was re-opened January 1, 1866. This also suffered by the war, but the buildings have been repaired, new furniture purchased, and the institution put in a condition for its work. Pupils are employed from two to three hours a day in book-binding, and in making shoes and brooms. The State has had no State Prison, but the constitution of 1868 requires the General Assembly to make provision for the erection and conduct of a State Prison or Penitentiary at some central point. The General Assembly may also provide for the erection of a House of Correction, and may establish Houses of Refuge. Insane Asylum, Raleigh. E. GRISSOM, M. D., Superintendent. Number of patients in Asylum Nov. 1, 1864-males, 96, females, 84; total, 180. Admitted during the two years-males, 61, females, 46; total, 107. Whole number under treatment during the two years-males, 157, females, 130; total, 287. Number of patients discharged during the two years-males, 43, females, 19; total, 62; recovered, 22; improved, 9; unimproved, 20. Number died-males, 32, females, 27; total, 59. Eloped, 11. Remaining Nov. 1,1866-males, 82, females, 83; total, 165. Supposed cause of insanity of those in the Asylum during the two years-ill health, 27; intemperance, 10; epilepsy, 17; domestic troubles, 12; the war, 18; hereditary, 7; miscellaneous and unknown, 202; total, 287. There were unmarried, 165; married, 94; widowed, 28. Age when insanity is supposed to have commenced-less than 5 years of age, 3; 5 to 10, 4; 10 to 15, 6; 15 to 20, 33; 20 to 25, 35; 25 to 30, 37; 30 to 35, 27; 35 to 40, 26; 40 to 50, 27; 50 to 60, 18; 60 to 70, 6; unknown, 65; total, 287. Receipts: Balance in hand Sept. 30, 1365, $0.89; received from Public Treasurer, $41,258.90; from pay patients for board, $6,860.92; miscellaneous, $112; total, $48,242.71. For year's support, $39,493.67; for improvements and for articles used prior to Sept. 30, 1865, $7,492.19; balance on hand Oct. 1, 1866, $1,256.85; total, $48,242.71. North Carolina Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and Blind, Raleigh. W. J. PALMER, Principal. Number of pupils during the year ending Sept. 1, 1867-males, 56, females, 37; total, 93. Of these, 67 are deaf mutes, and 26 are blind. Receipts: To cash in hand Sept. 1, 1867, $77.44; received from public treasurer, $29,650; from mechanical department, $2,797.49; from board and tuition, $755.70; miscellaneous, $270; total, $33,550.63. Expenditures, $30,313.56; balance in hand July 1, 1868, $3,237.07; total, $33,550.63. POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY. No census has been taken by the State, but the following summary from the United States census, exhibits the population of the State at different periods. The highest per cent. of increase was from 1790 to 1800, when it was 21.42 per cent. The State is naturally divided into three sections—a low plain on the east, nearly level, extending about 150 miles from the coast, mostly covered with pines; the middle or hilly section, and the western or mountainous plateau. The productions are chiefly agricultural. Fisheries abound in the sounds and rivers of the eastern counties. The species of fish mostly taken are the herring, shad, blue-fish, mullet and rock. The number of barrels annually packed for market, is about 100,000 on the waters of Albemarle Sound. Considerable quantities are packed at other points. The most important minerals are coal, iron, gold, copper, silver, lead, and plumbago. The coal is bituminous, and exists in two beds, situated one hundred and two hundred miles from the coast, on Cape Fear River and on Dan River. It is accessible, abundant and of good quality. Iron ore of excellent quality abounds in all parts of the State; the principal seat of its manufacture being on the Cape Fear, Catawba and Yadkin rivers. Gold is found in almost all parts of the State, especially in the middle region; the annual product for many years has been about $250,000. Copper mines abound in the middle, northern and western counties. Plumbago is found in great abundance near the capital, and again in the western region. According to the census of 1860, there were 6,500,000 acres of improved land, or about one-fifth of the area of the State. Products in 1866. Corn, 21,656,566 bushels, value $24,255,354; wheat, 2,846,223 bushels, value, $7,741,727; rye, 371,327 bushels, value $631,256; oats, 2,948,771 bushels, value, $2,092,627 ; potatoes, 830,565 bushels, value, $588,701; tobacco, 39,423,900 pounds, value, $8,081,399; hay, 163,229 tons, value, $2,121,977. Manufactures. The amount invested in the manufacture of cotton was $2,250,000; lumber, $1,000,000; turpentine, $2,000,000; iron, $500,000; and wool, $350,000. Banks. There were in North Carolina, September 30, 1868, 6 National Banks, with a capital of $653,300. 27. OHIO. Capital, Columbus. Area, 39,964 square miles. Population, (1860), 2,339,511. This state was formed from the North-Western territory, ceded to the United States by Virginia, in 1783. It was settled at Marietta in 1788, by emigrants from New England, and admitted into the Union as a state, April 30, 1802. *This Salary is not paid by the state, and out of it the assistants must be paid. |