two-thirds of both houses. The pay of Senators and Delegates is $3 per day, and ten cents per mile of travel going and returning.

Every white male citizen, 21 years of age, who has resided in the state one year, and in the county thirty days, is entitled to vote. Paupers, lunatics, and felons are excluded.

JUDICIARY.

The Judicial power of the state is vested in a Supreme Court of Appeals, Circuit Courts, and certain inferior courts. The Supreme Court consists of three judges, elected by the people to hold office 12 years, one to go out every fourth year. This court has original jurisdiction in cases of habeas corpus, mandamus, and prohibition; and appellate jurisdiction in civil cases where the matter in controversy, exclusive of costs, is of greater value or amount than $200; in controversies concerning the title or boundaries of land, the probate of wills, in certain other specified cases; also in criminal cases, where there has been a conviction for felony or misdemeanor in a Circuit Court; and such other appellate jurisdiction as may be prescribed by law.

UNITED STATES COURTS.

Circuit Judge, Salmon P. Chase. H. Smith. Marshal, E. M. Norton.

District Judge, John J. Jackson. District Attorney, Benj.
Clerk of District Court, J. Y. Moore.

SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS.

Judges, Edwin J. Maxwell, Clarksburg; James H. Brown, Charleston; R. L. Berkshire, Morgantown, Clerk, Sylvanus W. Hall, Fairmont. Reporter, John M. Hagans, Morgantown. Salaries of the Judges, $2,000 each.

The constitution of West Virginia provides for eleven circuits, which are constituted as follows:

First Circuit, Hancock, Brooke, Ohio, and Marshall counties. Second Circuit, Monongalia, Preston, Tucker, and Taylor counties. Third Circuit, Marion, Harrison, and Barbour counties. Fourth Circuit, Wetzel, Tyler, Pleasants, Ritchie, Doddridge, and Gilmer counties. Fifth Circuit, Randolph, Upshur, Lewis, Braxton, Webster, and Nicholas counties. Sixth Circuit, Wood, Wirt, Calhoun, Roane, Jackson, and Clay counties. Seventh Circuit, Kanawha, Putnam, Mason, and Fayette counties. Eighth Circuit, Cabell, Wayne, Boone, Logan, Wyom ing, and Raleigh counties. Ninth Circuit, Pocahontas, Greenbrier, Monroe, Mercer, and McDowell counties. Tenth Circuit, Pendleton, Hampshire, Hardy, Grant, and Mineral counties. Eleventh Circuit, Berkely, Jefferson, and Morgan counties.

TERMS OF SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS.

The sessions of the Supreme Court of Appeals are held at the city of Wheeling, and begin on the 2d Thursday in July each year.

The State Superintendent of Free Schools is elected biennially by the Legislature, and has the general supervision of all the free schools in the state. He prescribes the forms and blanks necessary for the uniform operation of the school system; decides questions and controversies arising out of the interpretation and construction of the school laws; convenes the county superintendents within each judicial circuit once in each year; recommends systems and methods of instruction, and at each session of the Legislature reports the condition of free schools within the state. There is in each county, a county superintendent, elected for two years, who is required by law to examine teachers, and visit schools within his county at least once every six months. He is to make suggestions to teachers and boards of education, and report annually to the State Superintendent. From and after February, 1871, no person is eligible to the office of County Superintendent who has not received a State Teachers' certificate.

Three school commissioners are elected in each township, and hold office for three years, who with the clerk of the township, constitute a Board of Education, which has the management and disposal of all public school property, and the general supervision of the schools of the township.

The local administration of public schools in each district is placed in the hands of three trustees, elected annually.

The Bible is read in every school at the opening exercises, and it is made the teacher's duty to inculcate the duties of piety, morality, and respect for the laws and government of their country.

There is a State School Fund, consisting of stock in various banks in the state and of United States Registered Pacific Railroad Bonds, the income of which is annually distributed, with the school and capitation tax, and other school money, to the various counties.

Provision for the education of teachers is made in three State Normal Schools; one at Guyandotte, Cabell County; one at West Liberty, Ohio County; and one at Fairmont, Marion County. Appropriations have been made which will secure convenient and well arranged buildings at each place.

At Guyandotte, the property known as Marshall College, has been transferred to the state, and alterations and repairs have been made which adapt the buildings to the wants of a Normal School. At West Liberty, the West Liberty Academy has been purchased, and fitted up for the school, and at Fairmont, a spacious and convenient building has been erected. The Normal School at this place opened May 6, 1867, with 90 students in attendance. The State Agricultural College, located at Morgantown, Monongalia County, was formally opened on June 27, 1867. The proceeds of the scrip donated by Congress, for the benefit of the college, were $90,000. The grounds of the college comprise about 25 acres, a portion of which is used as a garden and farm. The college has large and substantial buildings, and a full corps of instructors.

Public School Statistics for 1867. Number of school districts, 1517; number of school houses-frame, 342; brick, 26; stone, 2; log, 332; total, 751. Number of school houses built in 1867, 363; number supplied with good furniture, 199; with apparatus, 136; average value of school houses, $433; total value of school property, $396,107.09; whole number of schools, 1,140; number of persons between 6 and 21-white, 112,306; colored, 2,518; total, 115,340; num. ber attending school-males, 18,728; females, 16,199; total, 35,304; daily average attendancemales, 10,692; females, 9,467; total, 20,283; average monthly salary of teachers, $36; highest salary for male teachers, $103.33; lowest, $22.56; highest salary for female teachers, $41; lowest, $12.50; months taught by males, 22.28; by females, 12.21; total, 37.96; average cost of tuition per month, $1.57. Amount of school fund, $172,023.15; amount of levies in counties reported, $164,639.53; total amount of receipts, $200,093.99; total amount of expenditures, $167,130.17.

CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS.

The Hospital for the Insane at Weston was founded in 1857, by the state of Virginia, and the erection of the buildings commenced before the division of the state. The plan consisted of a center building, flanked by sections and wings, forming a continuous structure, having a front 1,196 feet in length, with three halls running back from the wings 120 feet.

A large amount of work had been done on the building before West Virginia was organized. After the appointment of the new Board of Trustees, in 1864, the work was resumed, and one wing of the building so far completed that it was opened in October, 1864, and a number of patients admitted. The portion now erected will accommodate 100 patients, and when the building is complete, room will be furnished for 250. In November, 1867, 40 patients, before maintained by this State, at Taunton, Virginia, were removed to the new hospital.

The Deaf, Dumb and Blind are supported at the expense of the state, at Staunton, Virginia.

The Legislature, in 1866, appointed a Board of Directors to construct a penitentiary, and made an appropriation of $50,000 towards the work. A further appropriation of $50,000 was made in 1867. At the close of the year 1867, the Directors had expended for stone and work on the prison proper, $78,431.68.

Hospital for the Insane, Weston. R. HILLS, M. D., Superintendent. Number in the hospital, October 1, 1866-males, 22; females, 21; total, 43; admitted during the year—males, 10; females, 9; total, 19; total under treatment, 92. Discharged during the year-recovered, 12; improved, 4; died, 1; total, 17. Remaining, October 1, 1867-males, 21; fémales, 24; total,

45. Whole number admitted from opening of institution, October 1, 1867-males, 44; females, 46; total, 90. Whole number discharged-recovered, 26; improved, 8; unimproved, 3; died, 8; total, 45. Estimated current expenses for 1868, $39,150; for transportation of patients, $6,000. West Virginia Penitentiary, Moundsville. G. S. MCFADDEN, Superintendent. Number of convicts, August, 1866, 16. Number received during the year, 109. Number discharged, 21; pardoned, 6; escaped, 32; recaptured, 18; died, 1; number remaining, November 30, 1867, 83.

POPULATION, WEALTH AND INDUSTRY.

No census has been taken in this state since its organization, but according to the census of 1860, the counties now included in West Virginia had a population of 376,688, of whom 358,317 were free, and 18,371 were slaves. Of the former, 181,645 were white males, 173,899 white females, and 2,773 free colored persons.

In 1867, the number of male inhabitants over 21 years of age, as ascertained for the purposes of taxation, was 77,219, of whom 74,934 were white, and 2,285 colored. The Commissioner of Immigration has established agencies in New York, Baltimore, and Germany to give information to persons from Europe seeking homes in America.

The soil is generally well suited to wheat and corn; the irregularity of surface is the principal drawback to tillage. In the interior counties the principal market products are wool, sheep, and cattle. Some of the best timber of the country is to be found here, of all the different kinds of oaks, black walnut, hickory, poplar, and cherry. Nearly all kinds of fruits do well, particularly apples, pears, and grapes.

The state is rich in minerals, there being an abundance of iron, coal, salt, and limestone. Coal in veins suitable for working is found in greatest abundance along the banks of the upper Ohio, in the hills along the course of the Monongahela and its branches, in the central counties of the State, in the Piedmont region east of the summit, in the Kanawha valley, and in all the counties south of that river. The coal lands of Guyandotte, cover ninetenths of the Guyandotte valley, in horizontal strata in the hills, from 3 to 11 feet thick, aggregating in some hills 25 or 30 feet. Petroleum abounds in several counties in the western partof the state. In 1860, there were in the counties now constituting the state, 2,346,137 acres of improved, and 8,550,257 acres of unimproved land. A considerable portion has been brought under culture since that time, but the mountainous character of a part of the state will prevent its being used for agricultural purposes, though flocks and herds find abundant pasture on its hill slopes. The following statistics very fairly represent the agricultural and other wealth of the state at the close of 1867:

Taxable Property of the State. Number of acres, 19,350,573; value, with buildings, $76,182,784. Value of building lots and buildings, $10,711,938. Aggregate value of land and buildings, $86,894,702. Number of horses, mules and asses, 88,982; average value, $67; total value, $5,942,448. Number of cattle in the state, 241,058; average value, $21; total value, $5,084,597. Number of sheep, 564,987; average value, $2.07; total value, $1,166,396. Number of hogs, 108,216; average value, $3.37; total value, $364,539. Value of household and kitchen furniture, $3,898,020; money, bonds, and securities, $7,491,907; money, bonds and contracts, under control of courts, $268,588. Average value of personal property listed by merchants, $3,964,963; by manufacturers, $1,037,150; by railroad companies, $6,568,103. Capital of other joint stock companies, $153,197. Total value of personal property, $39,166,041.

37. WISCONSIN.

Capital, Madison. Area, 53,924 square miles. Population (1860), 775,881. Wisconsin was settled at Green Bay in 1669, by the French; it was a part of the territory ceded by Virginia to the United States, was set off from Michigan, December 23, 1834, organized as a territory, April 30, 1836, and admitted into the Union as a State, May 29, 1848.

All of the above officers, except the Adjutant General, are chosen by the people to serve for a term of two years. The general election is held on the first Tuesday in November. The Senate consists of 33 members elected for two years, and the House of Representatives of 100 members elected for one year. The members of both Houses are allowed $350 per annum each for services, and ten cents a mile for travel. The Legislature meets annually on the first Wednesday in January. The following persons are entitled to vote: 1. Citizens of the United States. 2. Persons of foreign birth who have declared their intentions to become citizens. 3. Persons of Indian blood who have been declared citizens by act of Congress. 4. Civilized persons of Indian descent not members of any tribe.

JUDICIARY.

The judicial power of the State, as to matters both of law and equity, is vested in a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, County Courts with probate powers and jurisdiction, and in Justices of the peace.

The Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction, both as to matters of law and equity, which extends to all matters of appeal, errors, or complaint from the decisions or judgments of the Circuit and County Courts. It has power to issue writs of mandamus, quo warranto, prohibition, error, supersedeas, procedendo certiorari, scire facias, and all other writs and processes necessary to enforce the due administration of justice. It consists of one Chief Justice and two Associate Justices who are elected by the people, and whose term of office is six years.

The Circuit Courts have original jurisdiction in all matters civil and criminal, within the State, (except in a few specified cases), and appellate jurisdiction from all inferior courts. They have also power to issue writs of habeas corpus, quo warranto, and the like. The State is divided into eleven judicial circuits. The Judges are elected by the voters of each circuit respectively, and hold their office for six years.

*$5.00 per day when acting.