CAPITOL OTHER BUILDINGS.

The Capitol fronts the east, and stands on a plateau ninety feet above the level of the Potomac, in latitude 38° 55′ 48′′ north and longitude 77° 1′ 48′′ west from Greenwich.

The south-east corner-stone of the original building was laid on the 18th of September, 1793, by President Washington, aided by the freemasons of Maryland. It was constructed of sandstone from an island in Acquia creek, Virginia, painted white, under the direction of B. S. Hallett, and afterwards of B. H. Latrobe, architects. The north wing was finished in 1800 and the south wing in 1811, a wooden passage way connecting them. On the 24th of August, 1814, the interior of both wings was destroyed by British incendiaries, but they were immediately rebuilt. In 1818 the central portion of the building was commenced under the architectural superintendence of Charles Bulfinch, and the original building was finally completed in 1827. Its cost, including the grading of the grounds, alterations, and repairs, up to 1827, was $1,746,718.33.

The corner-stone of the extension to the Capitol was laid on the 4th of July, 1851, by President Fillmore, Daniel Webster officiating as orator of the day. Thomas U. Walter was architect, and subsequently Edward Clark, under whose direction the work was completed in November, 1867. The material used for the extensions is white marble from the quarries at Lee, Massachusetts, with white marble columns from the quarries at Cockeysville, Maryland.

The dome of the original central building was constructed of wood, but was removed in 1856 to be replaced by the present stupendous structure of cast-iron, which was completed in 1865. The entire weight of iron used is 8,009,200 pounds.

The main building is three hundred and fifty-two feet four inches long in front and one hundred and twenty-one feet six inches deep, with a portico one hundred and sixty feet wide, of twenty-four columns on the east, and a projection of eighty-three feet on the west, embracing a recessed portico of ten coupled columns. The extensions are placed at the north and south ends of the main building, with connecting corridors, forty-four feet long by fifty-six feet wide, flanked by columns. Each extension is one hundred and forty-two feet eight inches in front, by two hundred and thirty-eight feet ten inches deep, with porticos of twenty-two columns each on their eastern fronts, and with porticos of ten columns on their ends and on their western fronts. The entire length of the building is seven hundred and fifty-one feet four inches, and the greatest depth, including porticos and steps, is three hundred and twenty-four feet. The area covered by the entire building is one hundred and fifth-three thousand one hundred and twelve square feet.

The dome is crowned by a bronze statue of Freedom, modeled by Crawford, which is nineteen feet six inches high, and which weighs 14,985 pounds. The height of the dome above the base-line of the east front is two hundred and eighty seven feet eleven inches; the height from the top of the balustrade of the building is two hundred and seventeen feet eleven inches; and

the greatest diameter at the base of the dome is one hundred and thirty-five feet five inches.

The rotunda is ninety-five feet six inches in diameter, and its height, from the floor to the top of the canopy, is one hundred and eighty feet three inches.

The Senate chamber is one hundred and twelve feet in length, by eightytwo feet in width, and thirty feet in height. Its galleries will accommodate one thousand persons.

The Representatives' Hall is one hundred and thirty feet in length, by ninety-three feet in width, and thirty feet in height.

The Supreme Court room was occupied by the Senate until December, 1860, the court having previously occupied the room beneath, now used as a law library.

The other principal public buildings are,—The Executive Mansion; the Treasury Building; the War and Navy Departments; the Interior Department, in which is located the Patent Office;the General Post Office;the Agricultural Department, and the Smithsonian Institution. In addition to the above, there is a Navy Yard, a National Observatory, a National Printing Office, an Armory, an Arsenal, a Penitentiary, a Military Asylum, the Columbian Institution for the Deaf, Dumb and Blind, and a Hospital for the Insane, with several Churches, Hotels, Libraries, and Charitable establishments. The parks or open grounds of the city are spacious, generally kept with care, and to some extent interspersed with fountains and statues; and the place is amply supplied with pure water, brought about 12 miles, by an extensive aqueduct, from the Great Falls of the Potomac.

The total number of buildings in November, 1867, was 23,095, of which 20,437 were used as dwellings; the other buildings may be classified as follows,-Government buildings, including the capitol and departments, 7; other government buildings and establishments, 6; Scientific institutions-Smithsonian Institution, Naval Observatory and Medical Museum, 3; asylums and homes for destitute, 8; hospitals, 11; soldiers' barracks, 20; police stations and offices, 9; city buildings-city hall and jail, 2; banks, 7; halls, 23; depots, 2. Places erected for religious worship-Baptist, 5; Baptist, colored, 3; Congregational, 1; German Lutheran, 1; Jewish Synagogue, 1; Methodist, 5; Methodist Episcopal, 3; Methodist Protestant. 2; Methodist (colored), 2; New Jerusalem, 1; Presbyterian, 5; Presbyterian (colored), 1; Protestant Episcopal, 4; Roman Catholic, 4; other Churches, 19; total, 57.

CHARITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS.

The principal charitable and penal institutions under the superintendence and direction of the Government are, the Hospital for the Insane, the Columbian Institution for the Deaf, Dumb and Blind, and the Jail.

The Government Hospital for the Insane was established under authority of an act of Congress, March 3, 1855; its objects as declared in the act, are "the most humane care and enlightened curative treatment of the insane of the army and navy, and of the District of Columbia." All indigent insane residing in the district are entitled to its benefits.

The Columbian Institution for the Deaf, Dumb and Blind was established by a private corporation, but receives aid from the General Government. The Collegiate Department was organized in 1864; the act of Congress of

March 2, 1867, made provision for the free entrance into this department of poor deaf mutes, from any of the states and territories.

In view of the insecure and crowded condition of the jail, and its unfitness in every respect as a proper place of confinement, Congress has authorized the construction of a building of adequate dimensions. A location has been selected, and plans adopted.

Government Hospital for the Insane. CHARLES H. NICHOLS, M. D., Superintendent. Number of patients under treatment, June 30, 1867, was-males, 188; females, 92; total, 280: number admitted during the year-males, 119; females, 33; total, 152, an excess over the last year of 43; number admitted from civil life, 82, an excess over last year of 33; number discharged, 76; of whom 63 were restored, 8 improved, 5 unimproved; number of deaths, 27; num. ber remaining, June 30, 1868, 344. Number treated since institution was opened, 1,464, of whom there were natives of this country, 1,145. Expenditures for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1868, $114,035.81.

Columbia Institute for the Deaf and Dumb. EDWARD M. GALLAUDET, President. Number of pupils in institution, Oct. 28, 1867, 104; number of pupils admitted during the year, 22. Number of pupils in 1867, in the college-juniors, 4; sophomores, 5; freshmen, 7; in the preparatory class-males, 17; females, 1; total, 18; in the primary department-males, 50; females, 33; total, 83.

United States Jail. WM. H. HUESTIS, Warden. Number of commitments during 1866-7, 1,241. Crimes for which committed-murder, 10; assault with intent to kill, 52; assault and battery, 118; robbery, 29; burglary, 59; larceny, 702; horse stealing, 33; security to keep the peace, 60; obtaining money and goods under false pretences, 24; miscellaneous, 154. Daily average number of prisoners during the year, 86; number sent to Albany, 79; number sentenced to jail, 89; number in prison, Nov. 1, 1867, 113; of whom there were-men, white, 33; colored, 55; females-white, 9; colored, 9; boys-white, 1; colored, 6. Expenditures for year closing Nov 1, 1867, $30,736.48.

POPULATION.

The population of the District as returned by the United States Census at different periods, was as follows:

The total population of the District of Columbia, as ascertained by the Commissioner of Education, November 11, 1867, was 126,990; of whom 44,803 were white males; 43,524 white females; 17,654 colored males; and 21,009 colored females. General total by sex-62,457 males, and 64,533 females, or very nearly 49.2 per cent. of the former and 50.8 per cent. of the latter. The total number of whites was 88,327, or 69.55 per cent., and of colored, 38,663, or 30.45 per cent. of the whole. The population may also be classified as follows:

Civil Condition. Males-single, whites, 27,310; colored, 10.471; total, 37,781; femalessingle, whites, 23.838; colored, 11,610; total, 35,448; males-married, whites, 15.442; colored, 6,169; total, 21,611; females-married, whites, 15,189; colored, 6,500; total, 21.689; widowerswhites, 1,131 colored, 431; total, 1,562; widows-whites, 3,853; colored, 2,319; total, 6,172. Of those reported unknown, there are 920 white males; 644 white females; 583 colored males; and 580 colored females. The number of white married pairs reported as living together in families, was 14,147; and of colored, 5,509.

Place of Birth. Whites-District of Columbia, 33,536; Alabama, 39; Arkansas, 7; California, 58; Connecticut, 478; Delaware, 251; Florida, 41; Georgia, 97: Illinois, 192; Indiana, 237; Iowa, 74; Kansas, 19; Kentucky, 175; Louisiana, 124; Maine, 523; Maryland, 10,154; Massachusetts, 1,215; Michigan, 146; Minnesota, 33; Mississippi, 52; Missouri, 123; Nebraska, 18: Nevada, 1; New Hampshire, 400; New Jersey, 775; New York, 4,184; North Carolina, 129; Ohio, 731; Oregon, 3; Pennsylvania, 4,575; Rhode Island, 130; South Carolina, 125; Tennessee, 147; Texas 46; Vermont, 429; West Virginia, 52: Wisconsin, 98: Territories, 16; total United States, 67,041. Argentine Republic, 2; Austrian Empire, 53; Belgium, 24; Brazil, 4; Chili, 2; Denmark, 25; East Indies (not specified), 8; Europe (not specified), 3; France, 212; Germany, 5,522; Greece, 1; England, 1,787; Scotland, 402; Wales, 30; Ireland, 9,147; British Colonies, 272; total Great Britain and British Colonies, 11,638. Holland, 22; Italy, 192; Japan, 2; Mexico, 39; Nicaragua, 2; Portugal, 19; Russian Empire, 114; Spain and dependencies, 39; South America (not specified), 4; Sweden and Norway, 36; Switzerland, 131; Turkey, 2; West Indies (not specified), 13; total European, 17,757; total foreign, not European, 358; total foreign, 18,115. At sea, 30. Unknown, 3,141.

Colored-District of Columbia, 10,552; Georgia, 105; Maryland, 10,006; North Carolina, 225; Pennsylvania, 130; South Carolina, 129; Virginia, 12,805; other states, 456; Africa, 4; other foreign countries, 86; unknown, 4,325.

Voters. Persons claimed the right of voting as follows: in the District of Columbia(whites,) 13,294; colored, 6,648; in Alabama, 3; Arkansas, 1; California, 20; Connecticut, 66; Delaware, 22; Florida, 2; Georgia, 4; Illinois, 85; Indiana, 84; Iowa, 44; Kansas, 13; Kentucky, 22; Louisiana, 10; Maine, 85; Maryland, 537; Massachusetts, 159; Michigan, 59; Minnesota, 17; Mississippi, 2; Missouri, 26; Nebraska, 5; Nevada, 1; New Hampshire, 64; New Jersey, 113; New York, 773; North Carolina, 5; Ohio, 156; Oregon, 4; Pennsylvania, 783; Rhode Island, 4; Tennessee, 17; Vermont, 47; Virginia, 215; West Virginia, 11; Wisconsin, 45; Territories, 6; total United States, 23,452. Reported as disfranchised, 15.

Employments. The number of persons employed by the Government of the United States, was reported as follows: As public officers, clerks, and in other literary and scientific employments, 3,762; as artizans and skilled laborers, 1,555 whites and 56 colored; in other capacities specified, 1,485 whites and 390 colored; in civil employments not otherwise described, 1,555 whites and 242 colored; as soldiers and military officers, 1,679 whites and 13 colored; in the military service, indefinite, 2,374 whites and 70 colored; as naval officers, 30; in the naval service, 650 whites and 51 colored; total, 12,690 whites and 822 colored; general total, 13,512. In the administration or service of the local governments, 342. In the learned professions, the numbers were reported as follows: Religion, 133; law, 193; medicine, 348: literature, 70; art and music, 217; education, 488; science, 175; as students, 255; under instruction (including "students," and also numbers who have other occupations reported), 16,504. Entertaining and doing personal service for man, 2,122 whites and 3,647 colored. Engaged in trade and finance, 2,052 whites and 98 colored; possessing and working land, 440 whites and 245 colored; engaged about animals, 75 whites and 112 colored; engaged in art and mechanical productions, employ.. ing various matters in combination, 4,503 whites and 577 colored; working and dealing in textile fabrics and dress, 1,724 whites and 2,160 colored; working and dealing in articles of food and drink, 1,402 whites and 186 colored; working and dealing in animal substances, 32 whites and 12 colored; working and dealing in vegetable substances, 140 whites and 51 colored; working and dealing in mineral substances, 1,492 whites and 283 colored; laborers and others not included in preceding, 2,460 whites and 3,956 colored.

Persons under Instruction. The total number of persons reported as under instruction, including children in public, private, and family schools, and students in commercial f schools, colleges, and theological institutions, was 16,505; of whom 6,555 were white males; 6,302 white females; 1,867 colored males; and 3,647 colored females. The whole number over 15 years of age unable to read, was-whites, American, 869; German, 132; Irish, 697; other na tionalities, 62; total, 1,760. Number unable to write-Americans, 1,009; German, 151; Irish, 916; other nationalities, 58; total, 2,134. Number of colored persons over 15 years of age unable to read-Natives of,-District of Columbia, 1,578; Virginia, 6,138; Maryland, 3,601; other states, 321; total, 11,638. Number unable to write-Natives of,-District of Columbia, 1,838; Virginia, 6,141; Maryland, 4,238; other states, 348; total, 12,565.

Families. The number of families reported in the District is 23,495; of which, 7,241 are composed entirely of colored persons. The total number in Washington is 20,073; in Georgetown, 2,054; and in the remainder of the District, 1,368. The average number of persons in a family is 5.28 in Washington, 5.74 in Georgetown, 6.68 in the county, and 5.40 in the entire district.

50. NEW YORK CITY

Area of Manhattan Island, 13,920 acres. Population of the City, (1865), 726,386. [The following condensed account of the municipal organization, institutions, corporations and wealth of New York City may serve to convey to a stranger some idea of the metropolis of the country.]

The city is divided into twenty-two wards, forming altogether seventeen Aldermanic districts, and from each district, an Alderman is elected.

The Board of Assistant Aldermen is composed of twenty-one members, one member being elected from each assembly district. Each Board elects its own officers.

The Board of Supervisors consists of twelve members, and has charge of all matters pertaining to the county of New York-the limits of which are identical with those of the city.

The Commissioners of Charities and Correction are four in number, and have charge of the public hospitals, asylums and prisons in the city, and of the alms-houses, penitentiary, etc., on Blackwell's island and other islands in the vicinity.